空气与土中爆炸波模拟装置的数值分析

用常规炸药爆炸模拟核爆空气冲击波时,起爆药量、起爆次数、延时起爆时间间隔以及管道长度等都将影响所产生的冲击波波形.本文通过数值计算的方法,对以上影响因素进行数值分析表明多次起爆可以延长冲击波正压作用时间,合理地考虑各种相关因素可以得到比较理想的冲击波波形.     

空气与土中爆炸波模拟装置的数值分析

用常规炸药爆炸模拟核爆空气冲击波时 ,起爆药量、起爆次数、延时起爆时间间隔以及管道长度等都将影响所产生的冲击波波形 .本文通过数值计算的方法 ,对以上影响因素进行数值分析表明 :多次起爆可以延长冲击波正压作用时间 ,合理地考虑各种相关因素可以得到比较理想的冲击波波形     

燃料空气炸药的爆炸特性研究

利用一次起爆方式进行了镁粉和硝酸异丙酯组成的液固燃料空气炸药(Fuel-Air Explosive,FAE)的静爆试验,在获取试验数据的基础上,通过计算分析研究了FAE爆轰后冲击波的作用特点和超压场的变化规律,并与常规炸药TNT,RDX和钝黑铝进行了对比分析,得出了冲击波超压和冲量随距离变化的关系式.结果表明,燃料空气炸药装药爆轰特点与常规炸药不同,其爆轰反应区远比常规炸药大得多.在距离爆心一定的距离内,FAE爆轰时比常规炸药的正压作用时间长,比冲量大.     

密闭空间内爆炸冲击波超压特性试验研究

为探索实战条件下冲击波超压对水面舰艇舱室内人员的杀伤效果,采用穿爆试验对封闭空间内的爆炸冲击波超压宏观特性进行研究,对比和分析了舱内△Pm-t曲线形态及超压分布规律。结果表明:运动装药在水面舰艇舱内的爆炸冲击波△Pm-t曲线尖峰脉冲明显多于其他爆炸试验装置;随着装药运动速度增加,冲击波超压明显增强;起爆点距测试点越远与典型爆炸冲击波△Pm-t曲线相似度越高。     

钢管混凝土柱对爆炸冲击波影响的数值模拟研究

通过LS-DYNA软件对两种截面的钢管混凝土柱在爆炸荷载下爆炸冲击波的传播过程进行了三维数值模拟。混凝土采用HJC模型,钢管采用了考虑应变率的随动硬化塑形模型,炸药采用TNT炸药,使用LS-DYNA程序中的高能炸药爆轰产物压力-体积关系的JWL状态方程分析了爆炸冲击波的传播过程,得到了在不同比例距离下爆炸冲击波在通过两种截面柱子时超压峰值的衰减及增大规律。     

储罐外爆冲击波数值模拟及超压公式研究

为研究储罐外爆冲击波的传播规律和对储罐安全性的影响,应用软件LS-DYNA建立炸药-储罐的数值模型,并进行空爆数值计算。研究分析储罐外爆冲击波超压的衰减关系和罐体的动力响应,与经验公式的对比验证了模型的可信性,并结合经验公式平均值对数值模拟结果做了进一步修正。结果表明:冲击波运动到迎爆面中心后,外罐主应力在10 ms时迅速达到最大值,随后主应力值迅速减小,并不断振荡;迎爆面中心首先产生较大的拉应力,混凝土外罐的破坏属于脆性破坏;比例距离大于1时,现有超压计算公式拟合超压的衰减规律误差较小,比例距离小于1时,超压计算公式误差较大,修正后的超压计算公式可为储罐抗爆设计提供参考。     

地下建筑内爆炸冲击波荷载分布规律研究

针对地下建筑结构或高层建筑地下室对爆炸灾害防护设计的需要,研究了建筑内爆炸冲击波在房间墙体开口及通道中的传播过程。通过与相关内爆炸模型试验数据对比,确定了合理的有限元内爆炸数值模型和计算参数,在此基础上模拟分析了内爆炸空气冲击波流场及爆炸荷载分布规律,重点研究了装药量与爆室容积比(W/V)、爆室墙面开口面积与房间容积参数V2/3比(A/V2/3)等因素对建筑内外空气冲击波及壁面反射冲击波的影响,根据大量计算结果,拟合给出了由爆炸间开口向外泄露的空气冲击波压力峰值衰减公式。     

内爆炸作用下钢网壳结构动力响应的数值模拟

应用LS-DYNA有限元程序,建立了大空间钢网壳结构在内爆炸作用下进行动力响应分析的计算模型.通过提取结构表面有限测点的冲击波超压并将其进行本征正交分解(POD),解决了冲击波荷载的时空差异性及结构表面压力场分布问题.采用Ritz-POD法对大空间单层钢网壳结构在内爆炸荷载下的动力响应进行了数值模拟计算,分析了结构高度、矢跨比、炸药TNT当量及爆炸点位置等参数对结构动力响应的影响.结果表明:大空间钢网壳结构的最大位移和应力响应随炸药TNT当量的增加成非线性增大,其中应力响应近似成比例增大,而位移响应则急速增加.偏心爆炸冲击波比中心爆炸对大空间钢网壳构件的损害大,对结构的边跨构件最为不利.所得结论对于大空间钢网壳结构的防爆设计有参考价值.     

爆震弹近地动爆冲击波超压非致命特性研究

为了研究爆震弹近地动爆冲击波特性,运用AUTODYN软件仿真分析了某型64 mm爆震弹在不同运动速度以及不同距地高度下冲击波的衰减规律及非致命特性.研究结果表明:动爆条件对冲击波的增益效果整体上随距离的增加而逐渐减小;随运动速度的增大,超压值整体增益效果有所增加,对人员致伤效果可达严重损伤;随起爆高度增加,冲击波本身到...     

掘进巷道瓦斯爆炸冲击波压力特性研究

为揭示煤矿掘进头瓦斯爆炸冲击波压力沿复杂巷道衰减变化特性,借助爆炸力学和相似定律理论,建立巷道一维爆炸压力变化计算数学模型和TNT当量系数法试验计算模型.理论和试验模型对比分析表明:掘进头弱瓦斯爆炸的冲击波压力沿稳定断面传播呈非线性变化特性,冲击波压力与传播距离的平方根成反比;冲击波压力遇巷道断面变化或分叉超压大幅度衰减;冲击波压力遇障碍物反射后压力是原来的2倍.瓦斯爆炸超压预测计算模型的计算值、理论计算值与实验值吻合较好,与爆炸冲击波压力的传播特性描述一致.     

Experimental Study on Single Ignition Characteristics of Mixed Solid and Liquid Fuel

In order to probe into the single ignition characteristics of mixed solid and liquid fuel, optical and electrical experinments on unconfined volume dispersion and single ignition of few dosage of ternary fuel mixture are successfully done. Experimental results show that cloud detonation is distinguished from explosion of trinitrotoluene charge. The single ignition process of mixed fuel containing aluminum powder（Al）, propylene oxide （PO） and explosive （TNT） can be divided into four stages, the overpressure within its explosion field first increases, then decays with increase of distance. Explosion effects can be enhanced with adding proper trinitrotoluene into fuel mixture, the optimized ratio is m （Al） ： m （PO）： m （TNT） - 55：35： 10. The overpressure of binary mixed fuel containing Al and TNT decays like trinitrotoluene charge with increase of distance, but its value is higher than the trinitrotoluene charge＇s in the same mass at longer distance. The continual action time of plus overpressure during cloud detonation reaches magnitude of 10 ms and is about 100 times longer than the trinitrotoluene charge＇ s.     

Influence of millisecond time,charge length and detonation velocity on blasting vibration

The law of blasting vibration caused by blasting in rock is very complex.Traditional numerical methods cannot well characterize all the influencing factors in the blasting process.The effects of millisecond time,charge length and detonation velocity on the blasting vibration are discussed by analyzing the characteristics of vibration wave generated by finite length cylindrical charge.It is found that in multi-hole millisecond blasting,blasting vibration superimpositions will occur several times within a certain distance from the explosion source due to the propagation velocity difference of P-wave and S-wave generated by a short column charge.These superimpositions will locally enlarge the peak velocity of blasting vibration particle.The magnitude and scope of the enlargement are closely related to the millisecond time.Meanwhile,the particle vibration displacement characteristics of rock under long cylindrical charge is analyzed.The results show that blasting vibration effect would no longer increase when the charge length increases to a certain extent.This indicates that the traditional simple calculation method using the maximum charge weight per delay interval to predict the effect of blasting vibration is unreasonable.Besides,the effect of detonation velocity on blasting vibration is only limited in a certain velocity range.When detonation velocity is greater than a certain value,the detonation velocity almost makes no impact on blasting vibration.     

Analysis of vacuum chamber suppressing gas explosion

In order to suppress the harm of gas explosion, the current study researched on the body of vacuum chamber. The previous studies verified that it could obviously lower the explosion overpressure by reasonably arranging vacuum chamber on pipe. That is to say, the vacuum chamber has the effect of absorbing wave and energy. To further deeply analyze the vacuum chamber suppressing gas explosion, this research designed the L-type pipe of gas explosion, and compared the experimental results of gas explosion with vacuum chamber and without vacuum chamber. Besides, using the gas chromatograph, this study also investigated the gas compositions in the pipe before and after explosion. The results show that: (1) without vacuum chamber, the maximum value of explosion overpressure is 0.22 MPa, with 60 ms duration, and after explosion, the concentration of oxygen drops to 12.07%, but the concentration of carbon monoxide increases to 4392.3 × 10^?6, and the concentration of carbon dioxide goes up to 7.848%, which can make the persons in danger suffocate and die; (2) with vacuum chamber, explosion overpressure drops to 0.18 MPa, with 20 ms duration or less, and after explosion, the concentration of oxygen still remains 12.07%, but the concentration of methane is 7.83%, however the concentration of carbon monoxide is only 727.24 × 10^?6, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is only 1.219%, at the this moment the concentration ratio of toxic gas drops by more than 83% in comparison to be that without vacuum chamber. Consequently, the vacuum chamber can guarantee that most methane does not take part in chemical reaction, and timely quenches the deflagration reaction of gas and oxygen. Because of the two points mentioned above, it reduces the explosion energy, and lowers that the overpressure of blast wave impacts and damages on the persons and facilities, and also decreases the consumption of oxygen and the production of the toxic gas. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that the vacuum chamber not only absorbs wave and energy, but also prevents and suppresses explosion.     

Numerical simulation of non-contact explosion by door breaching explosive

Aiming at the estimation of personal injury attached by counter-terrorist door breaching explosive blast wave,according to the actual scene,four typical application space models of counter-terrorist door breaching explosives are established,and numerical simulation of air-blast wave propagation by non-contact explosion counter-terrorist door breaching explosive are achieved. The research results show that the overpressure behind the target door is attenuated deeply through the burglary resistant safety door,and the propagation of blast wave and the damage effect under different space conditions are obviously different.     

岩体中软弱夹层影响爆炸波传播规律的数值分析

为了模拟岩体中软弱夹层对爆炸波传播衰减的影响,在块体离散元的基础上改进了数值计算方法（包括基本方程、求解步骤、能量耗散等效模式）,使其适合模拟爆源的特点、岩体中软弱夹层的性质以及应力波的传播衰减规律.用该方法建立了含软弱夹层岩体和爆源的数值模型,对岩体中软弱夹层影响爆炸波的传播衰减规律进行了数值试验.结果表明：软弱夹层前后爆炸波的振动速度峰值差别很大,存在量级上的差别;软弱夹层与爆源的距离对应力波衰减的影响很大,而夹层厚度影响较小;在两组软弱夹层之间的质点振动持续时间明显延长.数值模拟不仅给出了爆炸波经过软弱夹层的透反射关系,而且描述了不同情况下质点振动的基本形式,可为实际工程提供参考.     

挡墙后爆炸冲击波绕流现象研究

重要建筑通常采用防爆挡墙以防范恐怖主义袭击和意外爆炸。在爆炸冲击下,绕流作用使挡墙墙后的冲击波流场产生变化,导致墙后一定距离处的超压大幅提高,建筑承受比预期更大的荷载。本文用LS-DYNA对近地爆炸下刚性墙后的绕流现象进行了数值模拟,研究了超压时程规律及影响因素。研究发现,距离墙后1.5～2.5倍墙高区域内绕流超压较大,在2倍墙高处出现马赫反应,比无墙时更为危险。研究成果可为重要建筑物防爆挡墙的布置及挡墙后建筑抗爆分析提供参考。     

Vacuum chamber suppression of gas-explosion propagation in a tunnel

To control and reduce the harm of a gas explosion, a new method is proposed for suppressing gas-explosion propagation in a tunnel by using a vacuum chamber. We studied the suppression effect on gas explosions by placing a vacuum chamber at dif-ferent positions along the tunnel. The results indicate that: 1) the vacuum chamber can absorb the explosion wave and explosion energy as much as possible at the beginning of the gas explosion, and; 2) when the vacuum chamber is used the closer it is to the ignition source the more significant the suppression effect. In addition, by using the vacuum chamber: 1) the flame propagation velocity decreases from ultrasonic to subsonic; 2) the flame propagation distance is remarkably shortened; 3) the maximum peak value of overpressure (Pro) decreases from 0.34 to 0.17 MPa or less, and; 4) the impulse of the blast wave (/) decreases from 20 to 8 kPa-s or less.