Dyeing behaviours of amino heterocyclic compounds as blue oxidative hair dye precursors applied to keratin fibres

Several novel heterocyclic compounds based on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and 2,3-dihydroindole have been investigated for their application of colour keratin fibres as blue oxidative dye precursors, especially to human hair. The colourants we studied contained anyone of these dyes (concentration range from 0.005% to 6%), and some common oxidative hair dyes, such as p-phenylenediamine, toluene-2,5-diamine sulphate. Experiments were carried out on the method of mixing hair colourants with H(2)O(2) gel at the ratio of 1 : 1, accompanied by pH = 8～11. It is demonstrated that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives could be considered as an excellent candidate for blue dyes, and N-methyl-7-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline is the most outstanding one among this kind of compounds. They own significant advantages of colour purity, stability and fastness. On the other hand, 2,3-dihydroindoles show the similar colours but not stable and brilliant enough.     

纯棉灯芯绒织物轧染染色

采用新型双活性基活性染料对灯芯绒织物染色，并对各项性能作了小样测试，从染料的溶解性，水解性，稳定性，配伍性等方面分别作了讨论，通过生产实践，证明该新型染料在灯芯绒织物轧染生产中，具有很好的染深性，高坚牢度和良好的工艺稳定性，与传统活性染料相比，综合成本降低，生产质量提高。     

Study of dyeing properties of semipermanent dyestuffs for hair

In this article we have evaluated some of the factors (pH, solvent composition and dye structure) that influence the dyeing of hair with dyes from direct semipermanent categories. These dyes, in fact, have been used more and more in cosmetic industry over the last years, due to their lesser aggressiveness vs. hair fibres. Two different dye classes are investigated: phenylene diamine (HC), well known for their low molecular weight and their small size, and a series of Basic dyes, characterized by the same ionic charge (positive) but with different sizes and different polar groups in the molecule. pH and dyebath composition result critical factors controlling the diffusion and adsorption process.     

无甲醛固色剂AE的合成与应用

合成了无甲醛固色剂AE。通过对无甲醛固色剂AE合成条件的研究，获得了无甲醛固色剂AE的最佳合成条件，经实验室及工厂的小样及大样应用试验，验证了它在活性染料染色后的棉织物上的固色效果。结果表明：该无甲醛固色剂AE可以替代固色剂Y应用于活性染料染色的棉织物的固色处理。     

电脑测配色在灯芯绒活性染色上的应用

介绍电脑测配色系统及其基础资料的制备;细述在灯芯绒活性染色上的应用及其中的注意点。其中基础资料的精度直接影响使用准确性;建立色库和摸索染料校正系数规律以提高配色处方的可参考性。     

高分子无泡皂洗剂的合成及应用

以马来酸酐、丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为反应单体,以过硫酸铵——亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,水相聚合,生成高分子共聚化合物。对反应产物的分散性和水洗牢度测试表明,以马来酸酐——丙烯酸——丙烯酰胺共聚的化合物,有较强的分散能力,在用于活性染料染色后处理时有较高的色牢度,能降低水洗次数和减少固色剂用量。     

Super mild oxidation coloring: preventing hair damage at the molecular level

Citation: IFSCC Magazine, 10 (2007) (4) 323–329 Hydrogen peroxide is widely used for oxidation hair coloring or bleaching. It displays a high redox potential and easily penetrates into the hair fiber. This renders hydrogen peroxide capable of non‐specific interactions with cortex and cuticle proteins resulting in irreversible cleavage of cystine crosslinks. Various classes of antioxidants were screened for their anti‐hair damage effect in a permanent hair dye formulation using NIR spectroscopy. In parallel, the effect on the coloring and lightening performance was studied to exclude unwanted side effects on primary product performance. The screening criteria were fulfilled by organic disulfides such as α‐lipoic acid but interestingly not by powerful antioxidants such as tocoperol, dibutylhydroxytoluene, or beta‐carotene. Alpha‐lipoic acid significantly protected human hair during oxidation coloring as demonstrated by (i) amino acid and protein analysis, (ii) surface polarity measurement, (iii) lipid analysis, (iv) differential scanning calorimetry, and (v) combing work measurement. Our results show that radical scavenging properties alone do not render antioxidants suitable for hair protection during oxidative treatments. The presence of disulfide bonds appears to be very favorable and it is likely that the intramolecular cross‐link within α‐lipoic acid provides a kinetically controlled protection for cystine crosslinks during oxidation coloring. Keywords: alpha‐lipoic acid, antioxidant, hair damage, hair dye, NIR spectroscopy Paper presented at the IFSCC Conference 2007, Amsterdam, The Netherlands     

对灯芯绒产品染整工艺的研究

文章主要从影响硫化染料染灯芯绒的上染率、染色牢度、织物强力等方面入手,以染色温度、染色的保温时间、染液pH值、后整理等影响因素来比较硫化染料染色的最佳效果,并确定最佳染色工艺。结果表明:硫化染料的最佳入染温度为60℃,最佳染色时间为90℃。保温时间控制在40 min上染率最大;上染率随着pH值增大而增加;通过后整理工艺改善了织物的手感,赋予了织物特殊的风格。     

Isolation of a novel alkaline-induced laccase from Flammulina velutipes and its application for hair coloring

Laccase is a member of the multi-copper oxidase family and a promising for hair coloring. In this study, we isolated a novel alkaline-induced laccase from the white-rot fungus Flammulina velutipes and studied the possibility to apply the enzyme for hair coloring. Laccase activity detected in the culture supernatant of F. velutipes was found to significantly increase when exchanging the medium to laccase inducing one whose pH was adjusted to 9.0. Three isozymes were detected by activity staining on non-denaturing SDS-PAGE. The major isozyme, Flac1, was purified from the culture supernatant after being induced at pH 9.0 by ion-exchange column chromatography. The N-terminal peptide sequence of Flac1 was determined, revealing clear homology with laccases from other white-rot fungi. Optimum pH of oxidation was found to be around pH 5.0-6.5 regardless of several different substrates used. Oxidation activities of Flac1 to several hair dye agents as substrate showed the higher activity at pH 6.5 than that at pH 9.0. Oxidation activity was also detected at pH 9.0 which was suitable for hair coloring. When the purified Flac1 was applied for hair coloring system without using hydrogen peroxide, effective coloring was observed at the protein amount of 0.25mg/1g of hair used. These results indicated that this alkaline-induced novel laccase isolated from the culture supernatant of F. velutipes might be a useful enzyme for hair color.     

棉用染料的耐氯浸牢度与应对措施

还原染料、活性染料、直接耐晒染料对棉的染色物,在含活性氯的水中,会发生变褪色。但是,不同结构的染料,其变褪色的程度不同。以盐素牢度提升剂处理,染料结构不同,其处理效果也大不一样。     

Application of TLC and HPTLC in the analysis of semipermanent hair dyes

Semipermanent or direct colouring includes any product capable of affecting to some extent a change in the natural hair colour that will last through at least five shampoo washings. Semipermanent dyes are simple and easy to use, as opposed to oxidation dyes, and are normally formulated for application on nonbleached hair. Following increases in supply of such formulations, we have started an analysis for quality control purposes of 21 commonly marketed dyestuffs (nitroaminobenzenes, anthraquinone and Arianor dyes) and 20 colouring products manufactured by four leading companies. By using TLC (silica gel and reversed phase) and HPTLC (silica gel) procedures we have determined relative retention values to 1,3-diamino-4-nitrobenzene of standards and dyes found in the commercial products. All the values reported (standards and samples) are the average of five analytical results (+/-SD).     

无甲醛固色剂CS的研制与应用

以二乙烯三胺与环氧氯丙烷合成的无甲醛固色剂CS分子中含有反应性基团,能与染料分子反应,也能与纤维素大分子结合,可有效地改善水溶性染料的湿处理牢度,基本无色变现象。     

Egg white powder in extruded fish crackers

Four levels of egg white powder (EWP), 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%, were added to fisfc cracker formulation consisting of tapioca starch, fish paste, and water. the mixture was extruded through a single screw extruder, and the extrudate was cut, dried, heated in a microwave, and the degrees of expansion, bulk density, colour and protein content were measured.
The addition of 1.5 and 3.0% EWP had no significant effect ( P < 0.01) on diametral and longitudinal expansion, however, 4.5% EWP significantly ( P < 0.01) reduced them. Bulk density and protein content of the final product increased as the percentage of EWP increased in the formulation. the total colour difference measurement showed a significant increase ( P < 0.01) in brown colouration at 4.5% EWP.     

No. 4Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 305–312, 2008The Reaction of Oxidative Hair Dyes in Cuticle Layers

The mechanism of oxidative hair dyes (permanent hair color) in cuticle layers of human hair was studied. In general, it is considered that the oxidative hair dye deposits monomer into the cortex, and is polymerized with coloring in there. It was confirmed that not only cortex but also cuticle layers were dyed with the permanent hair color, through observation with the thin cross-section of the dyed hair. There were exogenous metals in the cuticle layers from tap water etc., and the transition metals increased the dyeing and decreased the bleaching. It was thought that the activity of oxidation reaction with hydrogen peroxide was increased in the cuticle layers, and permeability to the cortex was decreased. Furthermore, TEM findings suggested that the oxidation hair dyes mainly reacted in the β-layer/ δ-layer interface in the cuticle layers, unevenly distributing the metals in the β-layer of cuticular CMC.
Keywords:  hair, oxidative hair dye, hair color, bleach, cuticle, transition metal, ultrastructure, CMC, β-layer, oxidative reaction     

Colour evaluation of a phycobiliprotein‐rich extract obtained from Nostoc PCC9205 in acidic solutions and yogurt

BACKGROUND: Phycobiliproteins are coloured proteins produced by cyanobacteria, which have several applications because of their colour properties. However, there is no available information about the colour stability of phycobiliproteins from Nostoc sp. in food systems. The aim of this work was to study the colour stability of a purple‐coloured phycobiliprotein‐rich extract from the cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC9205 in acidic solutions and yogurt. RESULTS: Variations of pH for Nostoc PCC9205 extract have shown stability for the L* (lightness) and a* (redness) indexes in the range 1.0–7.0. The b* index (blueness), however, increased at pH values below 4.0, indicating loss of the blue colour. The Nostoc PCC9205 extract was used as colorant in yogurt (pH 4.17) stored for 60 days. Instrumental colour analysis showed no changes for the L* and a* indexes during storage, whereas the b* index changed after 20 days of storage. A multiple comparison test showed colour instability after 20 days of storage. A hedonic scale test performed on the 60th day of storage showed acceptability of the product. CONCLUSIONS: The red component of the phycobiliprotein‐rich extract from Nostoc PCC9205 presented an improved stability in acidic media and yogurt compared with the blue component of this extract. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fading of artificial hair colour and its prevention by photofilters

Fading of artificial hair colour has been investigated by simulating actual usage conditions through exposure to artificial radiation in a weatherometer, with 0.35 mW (m(2)nm)(-1) at 340 nm, for 16-48 h, and by periodical washing. Hair colour was produced by using commercial two-part, permanent hair dyes with light auburn, medium auburn and dark auburn shades. Formulations based on red couplers, such as 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene and 1-naphthol, as well as primary intermediates, such as 1-hydroxyethyl-4,5-diamino pyrazole sulphate, were employed. Results indicate that the extent of fading, as measured by the total colour change parameter, dE, is greatest for coloured hair subjected to both irradiation and shampooing, and significantly smaller for hair undergoing only irradiation or washing. Colour loss has been also found to be dependent upon the hair type employed, with coloured natural white and bleached hair undergoing much greater change than coloured brown hair. It has been also shown that hair colour based on pyrazole intermediates displayed the deepest fading as a result of shampooing (dE 4-6 after 10 shampooings) and irradiation per shampooing (dE 14-16 after 32 h of light exposure and four shampooings). The contribution of UV light (UVB + UVA) to the artificial hair-colour loss was found experimentally to be dependent upon the irradiation dose and varied from 63% at 16 h of irradiation time to 27% at 48 h of light exposure. The theoretical extent of photoprotection by a formulation was assessed by calculating the percentage of UV light it attenuates in the wavelength range from 290 to 400 nm. The results indicate that UVB photofilters, such as octyl methoxy cinnamate, absorb <25% of the total UV irradiation at concentrations as high as 30 mg (g hair)(-1). UVA absorbers were found to be more effective, with benzophenone-3 and benzophenone-4 absorbing about 40% of UV at the same concentration. Corresponding experimental data were in reasonable agreement with the theoretical predictions. The data are also presented for colour protection with treatments containing two photo-absorbers: benzophenone-3-ZnO; benzophenone-4-ZnO; octyl methoxy cinnamate-ZnO; and dimethylpabaimidopropyl laurdimonium tosylate-benzophenone-3.     

阳离子染料剥色剂DCA—01的应用性能

探讨了新研制的阳离子染料剥色剂DCA-01的应用性能。以单因素法优选了剥色工艺参数,并对常用的国产阳离子染料进行了剥色实验,同时测定了剥色后织物的复染性和强力。剥色剂DCA-01对阳离子染料染腈纶织物有强力剥色作用,剥色效果好,可及明对染次品进行剥色回修、重染改色,而且对织物强力无损伤。     

活性染料配伍性能测试方法的初步探讨

通过一种简便的测试活性染料配伍性能的方法——分步浸染法,来探讨一下活性染料的上染规律,特别是对一组新的染料在没有掌握其配伍性能的基础上,在使用时具有一定性的指导意义,从而来指导大样的生产。     

Effect of pH on the colour formed by Fe-phenolic complexes in ripe olives

The effects of the pH in the flesh of ripe olives processed for table olive production, the type of acid used to correct it, the heating process used and the iron content of the flesh on the colour of the final product were studied. The best colour was obtained by bottling the fruits at pH 7. Additions of acids, especially citric acid, always caused discoloration when olives were bottled at a pH of around 7. On the other hand, when the fruits were packed at a pH higher than 7 the addition of certain amounts of acids produced darker olives. Darker colours are related to higher iron contents in the flesh, but treatment of olives with ferrous gluconate before neutralising the pH of the flesh yielded better colours than those treated after neutralising for the same iron concentration in the olives. Results obtained after adding iron to the oxidation solutions did not show the same pattern as those obtained using fruits. These results suggest that the fixation of the colour formed is not only due to the phenol-iron complexes.     

棉织物漂染一浴法染色工艺优化

针对传统棉织物浅着色需将漂白和染色分为2个工序进行,时间长、工艺复杂、水资源消耗大等问题,采用新型漂染一浴法工艺对棉织物进行浅色相染色。结果表明:采用活性染料诺威克隆深夜色S-R染色的最优工艺为H2O2用量1%(owf))、保温温度65℃、染色时间40 min、固色纯碱用量7.5%(owf)。该工艺缩短了操作流程,提高了生产效率,可实现节能减排,降低生产成本。