球形木素磺酸阳离子交换树脂的合成方法研究

以造纸厂亚硫酸盐制浆废液为原料，通过悬浮聚合，在不加表面活性剂的情况下，成功地制备出一种球形木素磺酸型阳离子交换树脂。文中详细研究了合成这种树脂的机理、工艺及条件。     

应用群能量恒定粒子群优化算法的批次流加发酵过程批次间优化(英文)

An iterative optimization strategy for fed-batch fermentation process is presented by combining a run-to-run optimization with swarm energy conservation particle swarm optimization (SEC-PSO). SEC-PSO, which is designed with the concept of energy conservation, can solve the problem of premature convergence frequently appeared in standard PSO algorithm by partitioning its population into several sub-swarms according to the energy of the swarm and is used in the optimization strategy for parameter iden-tification and operation condition optimization. The run-to-run optimization exploits the repetitive nature of fed-batch processes in order to deal with the optimal problems of fed-batch fermentation process with inaccurate process model and unsteady process state. The kinetic model parameters, used in the operation condition optimization of the next run, are adjusted by calculating time-series data obtained from real fed-batch process in the run-to-run optimization. The simulation results show that the strategy can adjust its kinetic model dynamically and overcome the instability of fed-batch process effectively. Run-to-run strategy with SEC-PSO provides an effective method for optimization of fed-batch fermentation process.     

核-壳结构含氟丙烯酸酯乳液的合成与表征

A fluorine-containing polyacrylate copolymer emulsion was synthesized by a seed emulsion polymerization method, in which methyl methacrylate （MMA） and butyl acrylate （BA） were used as main monomers and hexafluorobutyl methacrylate （HFMA） as fluorine-containing monomer. The structure and properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum （FT-IR）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, particle size analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, contact angle （CA）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermogravimetry （TG） analysis. The FTIR and TEM results showed that HFMA was effectively involved in the emulsion copolymerization, and the formed emulsion particles had a core-shell structure and a narrow particle size distribution. XPS and CA analysis revealed that a gradient concentration of fluorine existed in the depth profile of fluorine-containing emulsion film which was richer in fluorine and more hydrophobic in one side. DSC and TG analysis also showed that a clear core-shell structure existed in the fluorine-containing emulsion particles, and their film showed higher thermal stability than that of fluorine-free emulsion.     

化工过程设计的多目标不确定优化研究

In many circumstances, chemical process design can be formulated as a multi-objective optimization （MOO） problem. Examples include bi-objective optimization problems, where the economic objective is maximized and environmental impact is minimized simultaneously. Moreover, the random behavior in the process,property, market fluctuation, errors in model prediction and so on would affect the performance of a process. Therefore, it is essential to develop a MOO methodology under uncertainty. In this article, the authors propose a generic and systematic optimization methodology for chemical process design under uncertainty. It aims at identifying the optimal design from a number of candidates. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated by a case study based on the design of a condensate treatment unit in an ammonia plant.     

芳基磺酸盐阻燃中间体的合成与表征

以三聚氯氰、对氨基苯磺酸钠和乙醇胺为原料合成了芳基阻燃中间体4-((4,6-二(2-乙醇氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)胺)苯环酸钠。采用FTIR、ESI-MS、元素分析对目标产物进行了结构表征。     

HIPS树脂的合成与表征

采用溶液聚合方法将苯乙烯与聚丁二烯接枝合成HIPS树脂。研究了引发剂种类、溶剂种类和用量对接枝聚合反应和HIPS树脂结构的影响。实验结果表明，三元复合引发剂（AIBN、BPO、DP-275B）的接枝效果最好；以纯的乙苯作为溶剂的体系，相转变过程最长而且相转变后表观粘度随时间上升较慢，而以纯的环已烷作为溶剂的体系，相转变过程最短，相转变后表观粘度随时间上升最快，复合溶剂系随乙苯含量的减少相转变过程逐渐变短、相转变后表现粘度随时间上升变快。环已烷的存在使分子量变小，而分子量分布变宽。     

油酸改性MPA山梨醇树脂的合成与结构表征

以马来海松酸酐 (MPA)和山梨醇 (S)、乙二醇 (EG)、油酸 (OA)制备油酸接技MPA山梨醇树脂 ,研究了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂对产品收率的影响。结果表明 :在n(MPA)∶n(S)∶n(EG)∶n(OA) =1 0∶1 0 2∶1 12∶2 1,反应温度为 2 2 0℃ ,反应时间 3 5h ,w (复合催化剂 ) =0 5 %的最佳合成工艺条件下 ,得到产率为 89%、软化点为 48℃的产品 ,最后用FTIR、1H NMR、TGA、DSC等测试技术 ,确认产品为油酸MPA山梨醇树脂 ,它具有良好的耐热性能。     

耐高温漆酚有机硼树脂的合成与结构表征

本文以漆酚与甲醛的缩合反应,产物漆酚缩甲醛中间体为基本骨架,在其分子结构中引入无机硼元素,生成键能较高的B-O键。所制得的漆酚有机硼合成产物具有比漆酚缩甲醛树脂更高的抗氧化能力、耐热性稳定性及瞬时耐高温性能,漆膜附着力、柔顺性、硬度和耐冲击强度等力学性能也有明显提高。     

联苯型木素模型化合物的漆酶催化合成及其结构表征

联苯型(5-5’)木素模型化合物能较好地代表缩合型木素结构单元,对于从分子水平上研究制浆及漂白过程中木素结构的变化具有重要的意义,本研究对该化合物的漆酶法合成进行了探索.首先在漆酶的作用下以香草醛为底物合成了脱氢香草醛,得率为78.3％;再用硼氢化钠将其还原为脱氢香草醇,即为目标产物,得率69.5％.研究了漆酶法合成中漆酶用量、温度、pH值对得率的影响.合成的最佳条件为:漆酶用量16.12 IU·g-1,温度40℃,pH值4.5,时间5h.采用红外光谱、核磁共振波谱分别对两步产物进行了结构表征.实验证明,与传统的辣根过氧化物酶法相比,漆酶法合成标题化合物具有条件温和、专一性强、得率高、易于控制等优点.     

耐高温重烷基苯磺酸盐的合成及表征

在对萃取技术进行了改进的基础上,以重烷基苯（HAB）为原料,经发烟硫酸磺化、分酸、中和和萃取等步骤,合成了重烷基苯磺酸钠（nABS）表面活性临界剂。利用红外吸收光谱（IR）对HAB和合成的HABS进行了表征,并通过测定HABS的表面张力、泡沫性能和热失重等性能,考察了HABS的热稳定性。结果表明,只用热乙醇萃取的方法简化了以往的萃取步骤,节省原料,操作简单。合成的HABS的临界胶束浓度（cmc）为0．045％,临界胶束浓度下的表面张力（‰）为33．423mN／m。在1500r／min下,起始发泡体积为450mL,半衰期为230min。TGA曲线表明,加热到300％,HABS热失重5．48％。说明这种表面活性剂耐高温性能良好。     

球形木素基正离子交换树脂的制备与性能

以木素磺酸钙为原料,在一种价廉无毒的分散介质中通过反相悬浮聚合制备了球形木素基正离子交换树脂。研究了分散介质和分散剂用量、聚合温度及搅拌速度等多种因素对聚合反应和成球效果的影响,并对交换树脂的形貌、粒径、含水量、密度、交换容量及吸附性能进行表征与测;定。结果表明,在实验室条件下,交换树脂对;Cr^3＋的饱和吸附量达到59．28mg／g（干树脂）。     

热塑性树脂改性氰酸酯树脂的相结构表征

采用异步合成法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚苯乙烯(PST)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)与氰酸酯(CE)的共聚物,比较了3种热塑性树脂对共聚物力学性能、玻璃化温度(Tg)、转化率及反应活化能的影响,并讨论了共聚物的相图变化、微观结构与宏观性能之间的联系以及催化剂对改性体系相结构的影响。结果表明,当加入质量分数为15%的PMMA时,改性体系的冲击强度和弯曲强度比纯氰酸酯树脂分别提高了94.99%和29.90%,玻璃化温度提高了约30℃。改性体系经150℃固化,转化率可提高90%以上。改性体系的相结构随PMMA含量增加依次出现分散相、双连续相和相反转结构,在临界点(m(PMMA)=15%)附近可形成双连续相结构。相尺寸和相间距随固化温度升高而加大。共聚物中热塑性树脂的含量和共聚物的固化工艺对共聚物的相结构有较大影响,通过相结构的转变,进而影响到共聚物性能,拓展了其应用范围。     

双环戊二烯酚型树脂的合成及其结构表征

在８０￣１４０℃下ＤＣＰＤ与苯酚（或烷基酚）经催化反应合成ＤＣＰＤ酚型树脂。研究了反应温度,反应时间,催化剂用量、ＤＣＰＤ与酚的配比等条件对合成ＤＣＰＤ酚树脂的影响。经红外光谱及核磁共振光谱表征了ＤＣＰＤ酚树脂的化学结构。     

复合高吸水性树脂的制备与表征

采用丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸甲酯为单体与有机膨润土复合,通过水溶液共聚法制备复合高吸水性树脂,用FTIR、XRD、TGA等手段对合成出的树脂结构进行表征。结果表明,丙烯酸共聚物与有机膨润土产生了交联,插入丙烯酸共聚物的有机膨润土片层在聚合后发生了剥离,加入有机膨润土能提高树脂的保水能力。     

模拟生物矿化制备球形碳酸钙粒子及表征

模拟生物矿化原理,以磷酸酯(DDP)作为有机质,采用碳化法制备了具有球形CaCO3粒子。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重(TGA)及活化指数等检测手段对所得CaCO3粒子的形貌、晶型及性能进行了表征。     

丙烯酸酯类抗冲型改性剂核壳结构表征

用核磁共振光谱、差示扫描量热仪和溶解实验对已脱乳的丙烯酸酯类抗冲型改性剂（ACR）的组成及微观相态结构进行了剖析，结果表明，该ACR以轻度交联聚丙烯酸丁酯为核、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳，具有一定的交联及接枝程度，核壳摩尔比为1.0/1.0左右，核层与壳层间存在一个中间相。     

球形聚苯并噁嗪树脂酸催化性能研究

苯并噁嗪预聚体在甲基硅油中经反相悬浮固化法得到球形聚苯并噁嗪树脂,再经磺化反应后制得聚苯并噁嗪树脂酸。通过催化冰醋酸与乙醇的酯化反应来考察该树脂酸的催化活性。结果表明:当V(甲基硅油)∶V(苯并噁嗪预聚体)=100∶6.0、固化温度为200℃左右时,可得到球形聚苯并噁嗪树脂。当磺化温度为45℃、反应时间为3 h和w(催化剂)=4.8%(相对于冰醋酸而言)时,则冰醋酸的转化率为73%;催化剂连续重复使用3次后,其转化率仍超过60%;经磺化再生后的催化剂,其催化活性基本上能完全恢复。     

苯并咪唑螯合树脂的性能与结构表征

研究以环氧聚合物为基质的苯并咪唑螯合树脂的结构性能以及配位机制.已合成含有BBPAH的新型螯合树脂,测定其在pH 0～6.0的缓冲溶液中对Cu2、Ni2+、Zn2+、Cd2+和Co2+的配位容量.实验结果表明,在pH0～2.0条件下对Cu2+、Zn2+、Cb2+的配位容量分别为0.84、1.65、0.84 mmol/g,显示出很高的配位选择性.对络合Cu2+树脂进行了EPR表征和配位场的研究,初步证明为四面体配位结构.同时对苯并咪唑螯合树脂在强酸条件下吸附金属离子的机制进行了探讨.     

Preparation and characterization of polymer‐based spherical activated carbons with tailored pore structure

A series of spherical activated carbons (SACs) with different pore structure were prepared from divinylbenzene‐based polymer through CO₂ activation. The effect of activation temperature and retention time on the yield and textural properties of the resulting SACs were studied. The SACs were characterized by N₂ adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and aqueous adsorption assays. Either increasing activation temperature or extending retention time decreases the yield of SACs. The BET surface area and pore volume increase with activation temperature and reach a maximum at 1000°C and then decrease at higher activation temperatures. At 1000°C, BET surface area, total pore volume, and mesopore pore volume increase with retention time from 0.5 to 2 h, and meanwhile micropore volume decreases. The micropores are gradually widened into mesopores with increasing activation temperature or extending retention time. SEM and XRD analyses of SAC10 verify the presence of developed porous structure composed of disordered micrographite stacking. Aqueous adsorption assays indicate that SACs have good adsorption capacity for phenol. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

气溶胶辅助法合成球形氧化镁及其吸附性能研究

以氯化镁为镁源,尿素为沉淀剂,采用气溶胶辅助法制备了球形氧化镁。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（IR）和氮气吸附-脱附等技术手段对不同反应温度下制备的前驱体和氧化镁样品进行了表征。实验结果表明：制备的球形氧化镁比表面积为36 m ²/g,平均孔径为34 nm,总孔容为0.26 cm ³/g;其对刚果红的吸附符合伪二级动力学,且5 min内达到吸附平衡;吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附量为764.91 mg/g。