A／I网——将ATM和IP融为一体的网络

网络既需要面向连接的服务又需要无连接的服务,ＩＰ和ＡＴＭ是上述２种服务的主要范例。基于互边网的普及和ＡＴＭ成为宽带传输的标准,ＩＰ和ＡＴＭ互相替代是不可能的,文章提出一种将ＩＰ与ＡＴＭ有效集成的网络模式－ＡＩ网。     

Internet综合业务模型在IP-ATM互联网络的服务映射

在ＩＰ－ＡＴＭ互联网络环境,ＡＴＭ子网在ＩＰ主机通信经过的路径上,ＡＴＭ网络边缘（入口和出口）设备将ＩＰ与ＡＴＭ网络物理上互联起来．在这种互联网络环境支持ＩＳ服务的时候,资源预约机制在ＩＰ网络实现资源预约,在ＡＴＭ子网,由边缘设备执行ＩＷＦ（ｉｎｔｅｒｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ）功能,为ＡＴＭ子网进行资源预约代理．边缘设备执行的ＩＷＦ功能中,一项重要的工作是进行ＩＰＩＳ服务模型到ＡＴＭＱｏＳ模型的服务映射,通过服务映射,在ＡＴＭ子网入口边缘设备和出口边缘设备之间建立起满足ＩＳ服务要求的ＶＣ连接,并对连接进行管理．文中给出互联环境中,ＩＳ服务模型到ＡＴＭＱｏＳ模型的服务类型和服务参数映射解决方案,在进行服务参数映射的时候基于流模型提出利用边缘设备的缓存调节数据流参数映射,并导出相应的公式．     

IP Over ATM的新进展

简要比较了ＡＴＭ（异步传输模式）的３种支持方案，并介绍ＩＰＯｖｅｒＡＴＭ在两个方面，即ＩＥＴＦ的“集成服务Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ”概念（包括ＲＳＶＰＩＰＶ６等）和下一站地址解析协议的新进展。     

支持综合业务的Internet-ATM网络及互联

文中阐述了Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ上综合业务的模式,介绍了资源预订协议ＲＳＶＰ、Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ流协议ＳＴ－ＩＩ、资源预先预订协议ＲｅＲＡ和几种主要的Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ与ＡＴＭ主干网络的互联协议以及传统的ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ协议族的报文在ＡＴＭ网络中传送的协议ＩＰ ｏｖｅｒＡＴＭ;阐述了局域网模拟ＬＡＮＥ的体系结构及其实现的一个实例和ＡＴＭ上支持多种网络层议（如ＩＰ,ＩＰＸ／ＳＰＸ,ＡｐｐｌｅＴａｌｋ等）的规范ＭＰ     

ATMEI用户—网络接口适配器的设计和实现

ＡＴＭ网络接口透配器是用户计算机与ＡＴＭ网络进行交互所必须的网络的接口设备，ＥＩ是现有通信网中广泛使用的一种接口，该文就ＡＴＭＥＩ用户－网络接口透配器的相关协议，系统硬件结构及功能实现了产为详细的讨论，并给出逻辑分析仪实例的结果。     

IP Over ATM与IP Over SDH/SONET技术

首先对当今ＩＰ Ｏｖｅｒ ＡＴＭ技术采用的设计方案（局域网仿真、ＩＰ交换、标签交换）进行了详细的分析与比较，然后在总体上将ＩＰ Ｏｖｅｒ ＡＴＭ与ＩＰ Ｏｖｅｒ ＳＤＨ／ＳＯＮＥＴ技术进行了比较。     

基于ATM实现MPLS的关键技术探讨

ＭＰＬＳ（多协议标记交换）被认为是当前各种 ＡＴＭ支持 ＩＰ技术中的最佳方案,将成为 ＡＴＭ下一步发展和演进的方向。但是 ＡＴＭ向 ＭＰＬＳ发展时具有很多不同于基于传统路由器的 ＭＰＬＳ网络的特点。该文从标记堆栈的封装、环路控制、扩展性与流合并中的信元交织、ＡＴＭ协议与ＭＰＬＳ协议的关系、Ｍ的处理和对ＩＰ Ｏ＆Ｍ的支持５个方面对基于ＡＴＭ的ＩＳＲ和基于ＡＴＭ的ＭＰＬＳ网络的实现这些最基本和最关键的问题进行了综合讨论,并比较了各种可能的方法的优缺点。     

Internet综合业务模型在IP—ATM互联网络的服务照射

在ＩＰ－ＡＴＭ互联网络环境,ＡＴＭ子网在ＩＰ主机通信通过的路径上,ＡＴＭ网络边缘（入口和出口）设备将ＩＰ与ＡＴＭ网络物理上互联起来。在这种互联网络环境支持ＩＩＳ服务的时间,资源预约机制在ＩＰ网络实现资源预约,在ＡＴＭ子网,由边缘设备执行ＩＷＦ（ｉｎｔｅｒ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ）功能,为ＡＴＭ子网进行资源预约代理。边缘设备执行的ＩＷＦ功能中,一项重要的工作是进行ＩＰ ＩＩＳ服务模型到ＡＴ     

Classical IP Over ATM规范（上）

ＡＴＭ（异步传输模式）技术是目前最受人瞩目的高速网络技术之一，如何使ＡＴＭ网络与现有的网络协议（如ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ）相结合是ＡＴＭ技术发展的关键性问题。本文通过对比分析了在ＡＴＭ局域网与传统局域网上ＩＰ协议实现的异同，并较为深入地介绍了在ＡＴＭ上运行ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ协议的技术方案。     

支持多媒体通信的网络技术

根据多媒体数据及其通信应用的特点,对目前流行的几种高速局域网络,包括ＦＤＤＩ／ＦＤＤＩ－Ⅱ、１００ＢＡＳＥ－Ｔ、１００ＢＶＧ－Ａｎｙｌａｎ和ＡＴＭ网络,分析了其支持多媒体通信的性能,并比较了ＡＴＭ网络和交换式以太网的优缺点。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.