B掺杂CoSi的微观组织和单晶热电性能

研究了掺杂B后CoSi化合物的微观组织及单晶的热电性能.结果表明:B在CoSi中的最大固溶度为0.4%(摩尔分数),CoSi化合物的晶格常数随着B含量的增加线性减小,当B含量达到其最大固溶度时晶格常数不再变化;电弧熔炼制备的CoSi1-xBx材料具有很多空洞和裂纹,单晶试样大大减少了组织上的缺陷;掺杂B后CoSi0.995B0.005单晶仍为N型传导,Seebeck系数的绝对值增加,电阻率下降,热导率升高;掺杂B后热电优值(ZT)增加.     

Fe－Co－Si－Cu热电材料的输运特性

采用真空悬浮熔炼和真空退火方法制备了Fe1-xCoxSi2-0．1at％Cu热电材料。试样的微观组织中包含大量尺寸在1μm左右的小孔和一些裂纹。输运特性测量结果表明，550K时掺杂载流子的热激发达到饱和，700K以上发生本征激发现象。实验发现Co的最佳掺杂量为lat％左右，名义组成为Fe0.97Co0.03Si2-0．1at％Cu的试样的热电性能最好。     

Ag掺杂的赝两元合金（PbTe）1—x（SnTe）x热电性能

通过对Ag元素掺杂的赝两元合金（PbTe)1-x(SnTe)x(0≤x≤0.4）热电性能进行研究发展，处于本征态的PbTe合金电导率对掺杂较为敏感。但当摩尔分数增大时，赝两元合金（PbTe)1-x(SnTe)x电导率随掺杂量的增大受到抑制，这在高温情况下尤为显著。当温度低于约423K时，掺杂量对PbTe合金的Seebeck系数影响不大；但当温度大于423K时，PbTe合金的Seebeck系数随掺杂量而增大。掺杂量越大，摩尔分数越高，同一合金的Seebeck系数变化越小。热电优值计算表明，掺杂0.02mol%的合金系较适宜于制作成分递变的热电材料（FGM）。     

管式反应法制备Mg_2Sn基热电材料及其性能研究

采用Mg H2代替单质Mg粉与Sn粉进行固相反应制备Mg2Sn基热电材料,有效地避免了Mg单质的挥发和氧化。在300~750 K的温度区间内对其热电性能进行了测试、分析,并与文献中报道的Mg2Sn热电性能进行了对比。结果表明,所有试样在整个测温区间均显示出n型掺杂,并且随着温度的升高,呈现逐渐向p型转变的变化趋势。掺杂Y后Mg2Sn试样的Seebeck系数有所提高,综合电性能比文献报道提高了40%,并且在350 K时获得最大的ZT值(0.033),是文献报道的Mg2Sn的ZT值(0.013)的近3倍。     

AgI掺杂量对n型Bi2Te2.85Se0.15材料热电性能的影响

采用机械合金化(MA)结合热压烧结(HP)技术制备了n型Bi2 Te2.85Se0.15热电材料,在常温下测量了电阻率(ρ)、塞贝克系数(α)和热导率(κ)等热电性能参数,考察了掺杂剂AgI的含量(质量百分比分别为0,0.1,0.2,0.3和0.4％)对材料热电性能的影响.结果表明:试样的电阻率和塞贝克系数的绝对值均随AgI掺杂量的提高而增大,热导率则随AgI掺杂量的提高而大幅降低,在AgI掺杂量为0.2％(质量)时有最大热电优值,为2.0×10-3/K.     

含稀土硅化铁热电材料的电学性能初探

采用悬浮真空熔炼和800℃,168h真空退火方法制备了含稀土Sm的FeSi2基金属硅化物,并对其晶体结构、See-beck系数、电阻率进行了初步研究。实验发现,名义组成为Fe0.6Sm0.4Si2的试样的热电功率因子从室温时的0.26×10-4W·m-1K-2随温度上升到500℃时的1.6×10-4W·m-1K-2,比不含Sm或含Sm量很少的对比试样高一个数量级左右。其原因被认为是由于Sm的外层4f电子的贡献。     

Mn掺杂In2O3陶瓷材料的高温热电传输性能

利用放电等离子(SPS)烧结工艺制备Mn掺杂In2O3多晶陶瓷材料。通过测试热电传输性和观察微观结构,研究了掺杂工艺对SPS烧结多孔结构In2O3陶瓷传输性能的影响。结果表明,低浓度掺杂的样品在测试温度范围内能得到较高的电导率和热电势;掺杂试样In1.99Mn0.01O3在973 K可获得最高的热电功率因子4.0×10-4W.K-2.m-1,从而可知,控制In2O3中低浓度的Mn的掺杂量可获得较好的高温n型热电材料。     

Sb掺杂对Mg_2Si基化合物热电性能的影响(英文)

采用感应熔炼和真空热压的方法制备了Sb掺杂和未掺杂的Mg2Si基热电材料.研究了Sb掺杂对Mg2Si基热电材料的结构以及热电特性的影响.结果表明:通过Sb掺杂使得载流子浓度从3.07x1019 cm-3增加到1.25x1020 cm-3,电子有效质量也相应增加.测试了从室温到800 K下试样的Seebeck系数,电导率和热导率.结果显示,0.3 at%Sb掺杂使得电导率得到显著增加,在783 K时,ZT值达到0.7.     

Co对重掺Sm的FeSi2基热电材料电学性能的影响

用悬浮熔炼法制备了含Sm和Co的N型FeSi2 基热电材料 ,研究了Co对含Sm的FeSi2 材料电学性能的影响。结果表明 ,材料的电学性能是由两种掺杂元素共同决定的 :Sm能明显降低样品的电阻率 ,而适量的Co能提高重掺Sm的FeSi2 基热电材料的α值和功率因子 ,Co在含Sm的FeSi2 中的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为 2 .2 3%左右。     

Ag掺杂ZnSb基热电薄膜的膜层结构和热电性能

ZnSb基热电材料是中温区热电性能较好的一种材料,为进一步提升其性能,采用磁控溅射(射频+直流)的方法制备掺杂型ZnSb基热电薄膜;通过改变溅射功率控制Ag元素的掺杂量,通过真空退火来实现掺杂元素的均匀化和膜层的结晶,真空退火温度选用300℃,退火时间为1 h。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、霍尔效应测试仪、薄膜Seebeck系数测量系统对薄膜特性进行测试;研究Ag掺杂对ZnSb基热电薄膜膜层结构和热电性能的影响。结果表明:随着Ag掺杂量的增加,薄膜的膜层结构显著改善,掺杂后薄膜中出现Ag_3Sb和Zn_4Sb_3两种新相;掺杂后薄膜的热电性能相比未掺杂薄膜的提升较大,掺杂对薄膜的Seebeck系数也产生了较大的影响。当Ag掺杂量(摩尔分数)为2.88%时,样品获得最大的功率因子,在573K温度下功率因子为1.979 mW/(m·K~2)。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。