高压水除鳞喷嘴结构参数对喷嘴射流性能的影响

为了进一步研究高压水除鳞喷嘴的射流性能,优化喷嘴的结构参数,选取出口扩张角、锥孔深度、入口收缩角作为参考因素,以喷射角和射流流量作为评价指标,对喷嘴各参考因素对射流性能的影响进行了仿真分析。结合正交试验的方法,对喷嘴各结构参数及其交互作用对其性能影响的显著性及重要性次序进行分析,获得最优的参数组合并对其进行了实验验证。结果表明：出口扩张角的增大会使喷射角减小但会使射流流量增加,锥孔深度的增加可以较为全面地提升喷嘴的射流性能,收缩角的增大会使得喷嘴的射流性能减弱,喷嘴的除鳞效果变差;3个参考因素中锥孔深度是对射流性能影响最大的因素;当出口扩张角为80°、锥孔深度为8 mm、入口收缩角为65°时喷嘴的射流性能最优。通过将参数优化后的喷嘴的实验结果与原始喷嘴的实验结果对比发现,优化后喷嘴的喷射角由原始值35.7°提升至44.1°,射流流量的大小由原始值10.17 L/min提升至28.3 L/min。     

关键结构参数对高压除鳞喷嘴性能影响的研究

高压除鳞喷嘴广泛地应用在热轧除鳞工艺中,喷嘴结构参数的变化会对射流性能产生影响。通过数值模拟和实验测试相结合,研究了锥孔深度变化对外部射流的影响。研究表明:锥孔深度增加,射流水喷射角增加、射流速度沿轴向方向衰减变慢,射流距离增加。在相同射流距离下,锥孔深度的增加可以使打击力的大小增大、有效的射流宽度增大。     

4种脱硫喷嘴雾化特性对比试验

对目前湿法烟气脱硫系统中常用的4种机械式雾化喷嘴进行了雾化试验,采用高速数码摄影法对4种喷嘴在不同压力下的喷雾状况进行测试,并用ImageJ软件处理,得到各喷嘴在不同工况下的粒径、粒径分布和雾化角等特性。研究结果表明:4种喷嘴雾化粒径随液压的增大呈减小趋势,其中螺旋喷嘴雾化粒径最小,扇形喷嘴雾化粒径最大;螺旋喷嘴、空心锥喷嘴和扇形喷嘴的雾化角随液压增大变化不大,较为稳定,实心锥喷嘴雾化角随液压增大而增大,螺旋喷嘴与扇形喷嘴的雾化角较大,空心锥喷嘴的雾化角最小;各喷嘴在小于0.2MPa的液压下粒径分布不均匀,当达到0.2MPa后粒径分布较为均匀。综合结构特点和雾化特性,螺旋喷嘴较适用于火电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统。     

钻杆外壁清洗射流流场的数值分析

在采用高压水射流清洗钻杆外壁过程中,为了得到最佳的清洗位置和清洗角度,必须提高钻杆的清洗效率和质量,文章建立了外部射流流场控制方程组,结合标准的k-ε湍流模型进行化简求解,采用ICEM CFD建立网格模型,通过Fluent软件采用VOF气液两相流模型和SIMPLE算法对喷嘴外部流场进行数值模拟分析。在一定的喷射范围内,改变喷射角度模拟对钻杆外壁的理论清洗情况,在最佳的清洗情况下确定喷头在整个清洗装置中的安装位置和喷射角度。分析结果表明:在600mm的安装距离中,随着喷射角度的减小,射流束的分流情况越来越明显,当减小到15°时,流束基本朝向一边;该喷射范围内,随着轴线位置的增大,速度和压力都呈现衰减状态,当距离超过500mm,速度衰减较明显,所以适宜的喷射距离为500mm;当喷射角度除15°和90°时衰减较大外,其余角度下衰减情况基本相同。再通过对壁面打击力的分析得出最佳的喷射角度为60°。     

两股互击式喷嘴雾化数值模拟研究

数值研究了两股互击式喷嘴的雾化性能,模拟中以水为介质,气相使用湍流模型,采用粒子轨道法计算颗粒的轨迹,时间上采用时间推进法求解.引入粒子碰撞和破碎模型,分析了撞击后沿轴向流场下游的液雾粒径分布情况,结果表明,喷射撞击压力越大,雾化效果越好,在一定的喷射压力下,雾化撞击角度存在最佳值,同时一定范围内喷射喷嘴的长径比对雾化性能的影响很小.     

Effect of nozzle geometry for swirl type twin-fluid water mist nozzle on the spray characteristic

Experimental investigations on the atomization characteristics of twin-fluid water mist nozzle were conducted using particle image velocimetry (PIV) system and particle motion analysis system (PMAS). The twin-fluid water mist nozzles with swirlers designed two types of swirl angles such as 0°, 90° and three different size nozzle hole diameters such as 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm were employed. The experiments were carried out by the injection pressure of water and air divided into 1bar, 2bar respectively. The droplet size of the spray was measured using PMAS. The velocity and turbulence intensity were measured using PIV. The velocity, turbulence intensity and SMD distributions of the sprays were measured along the centerline and radial direction. As the experimental results, swirl angle controlled to droplet sizes. It was found that SMD distribution decreases with the increase of swirl angle. The developed twin-fluid water mist nozzle was satisfied to the criteria of NFPA 750, Class 1. It was proven that the developed nozzle under low pressures could be applied to fire protection system.     

双油路离心喷嘴雾化锥角的试验研究

针对双路离心喷嘴开展雾化锥角的研究,采用高速摄影仪拍摄不同供油压差,仅副油路、主油路和主副油路同时工作时的喷雾形态,进而分析不同工况下雾化锥角的变化规律,同时与传统经验关系式结果进行对比。结果表明,单路压差增加时,平口式的主油路锥角迅速增大,扩口式的副油路锥角逐渐减小,共同喷射时,由于低压核心区的作用双路锥角处于两路单独喷射之间,并随主油路压差增大而增大,随副油路压差增大而减小。最后将传统经验关系式结果和试验结果进行对比,由于特殊的喷口结构产生了径向速度分量,关系式结果均偏高。     

高压节气喷嘴在高压喷气—填料蒸发冷却空调机组中的作用

为了得到高压节气喷嘴对高压喷气—填料蒸发冷却空调机组性能的影响和对压缩空气消耗量的影响,本文讨论了该高压节气喷嘴的特点及其与蒸发冷却相结合的作用。分析了压缩空气从高压节气喷嘴喷出后,与周围新风卷吸、掺混,并冷却干燥新风,同时总结出其与喷水室喷嘴的不同点,最终得到高压节气喷嘴不仅可以提高压缩空气的利用率,而且有助于被处理新风在高压喷气段的热湿交换。     

三维旋转喷射枪喷嘴结构的优化

基于工业油罐清洗对水射流射程远、打击力大和清洗面积大的三大要求,采用计算流体力学数值分析的方法,进行三维旋转喷射枪喷嘴结构的优化。结果表明：收缩角在20°~30°区间段内、长径比在20~3.0区间段内,喷嘴具有最佳的喷射性能。     

多孔射流钻头破岩钻孔规律试验研究

利用自行研制的射流破岩系统,对淹没和围压条件下多孔射流钻头的破岩钻孔规律进行了试验研究,重点考虑了水力参数(冲蚀时间、射流压力、围压、喷距)和结构参数(孔眼数量和侧向孔眼扩散角)对破岩效果的影响,结果表明:随着冲蚀时间的增加,破岩效果先增加,后趋于平缓;随着射流压力的增大破岩效果随之增大;随着围压的增加破岩效果随之减小;随着喷距的增加破岩效果呈先增大后减小的趋势,存在最优喷距范围;随着孔眼数量的增多,破岩成孔形状越来越圆整;随着侧向孔眼扩散角的增大,破岩效果呈先增大后减小趋势,存在最优扩散角范围。试验结果可为多孔射流钻头水力参数选择和结构参数设计提供依据。     

热轧板带高压水除鳞优化设计

主要介绍热轧板带高压水除鳞装置工作原理和设计原则以及除鳞喷嘴的选型和布置的优化设计等。     

浅谈喷嘴进口压力对扩散角的影响

为确定喷嘴进口压力对喷嘴出口扩散角的影响,采用SolidWorks建模,利用Fluent对不同进口压力的同一喷嘴模型进行仿真,经分析得知喷嘴喷出硼砂的角度随进口压力的增大而增大,喷出的硼砂速度流线图也随压力的增大而变得密集。     

Numerical analysis for the coating thickness prediction in continuous hot-dip galvanizing

Gas wiping is a decisive operation in the hot-dip galvanizing process. Especially, it has a crucial influence on the thickness and uniformity of coating film, but may be subsequently responsible for splashing. To date, the number of fundamental studies on the jet structure impinging on a vertical moving strip for various nozzle systems has not been sufficient to draw any meaningful conclusion. In this connection, at first, to confirm the validation of numerical analysis, the impinging jet pressure on the surface of a vertical strip by experiment is compared with the results by numerical analysis. Next, after confirming for the superiority of a constant expansion rate nozzle in splashing, the relationship between the stagnation pressure and the impinging jet pressure distribution issuing from the nozzle system of constant expansion rate is investigated. Finally, by using the calculated wall shear stress, the relationships among the coating thickness, strip speed and nozzle stagnation pressures are clarified. It is found that the impinging wall pressure for the case of constant expansion rate nozzle is more favorable for the problem of splashing to the case of the conventional one. Furthermore, from the point of view of energy conservation, it is advisable to use a constant expansion rate nozzle as a gas-wiping nozzle.     

An investigation on the spray characteristics of DME with variation of ambient pressure using the common rail fuel injection system

We investigated the DME spray characteristics about varied ambient pressure and fuel injection pressure using the common rail fuel injection system when the nozzle holes diameter is varied. The common rail fuel injection system and fuel cooling system were used since DME has compressibility and vaporization at atmospheric temperature. The fuel injection quantity and spray characteristics were measured. The spray was analyzed for spray shape, penetration length, and spray angle at the six nozzle holes. There are two types of injectors: 0.166 mm diameter and 0.250 mm diameter. The ambient pressure, which was based on gage pressure, was 0, 2.5, and 5 MPa. The fuel injection pressure was varied by 5 MPa from 35 to 70 MPa. By comparing with the common injector, using the converted injector it was shown that the DME injection quantity was increased 127% but it didn??t have the same low heating value. Both the common and converted injectors had symmetric spray shapes. In case of converted injector, there were asymmetrical spray shapes until 1.2 ms, but after 1.2 ms the spray shapes were symmetric. Also, the converted injector had shorter penetration length and wider spray angle than the common injector.     

沥青喷嘴结构型式对喷洒性能的影响

为分析喷嘴自身结构对喷洒性能的影响,有效提高其喷洒性能,针对目前普遍采用的沥青喷嘴典型结构,改变其开口型式和导流面等结构参数,运用Fluent软件进行仿真.研究了沥青喷嘴槽口宽高比、槽口类型、导流面以及喷嘴收缩段与槽口重合处的接合形式,研究了它们对喷嘴有效喷洒距离、喷洒角、喷洒均匀性和单位面积喷洒量的影响.结果表明：喷嘴喷洒角与槽口宽高比成反比,双槽型喷嘴喷洒性能优于单槽型喷嘴.分析结果可为合理设计与应用提供参考.     

配备下限流导液管的环缝喷嘴雾化能力研究

高品质金属粉末是众多制造领域中的基础材料,微细粉末成型的关键技术在于气雾化制备阶段,而喷嘴及导液管结构和雾化工艺参数对气雾化粉末的质量有重要影响。基于高速射流流体动力学的数值模拟方法研究了雾化压力、雾化气体温度、导液管下口直径与伸出长度对配备下限流导液管环缝喷嘴雾化能力的影响,通过喷盘流场检测验证模型的可靠性。结果表明：环缝喷嘴装配下限流导液管临界入口压力为128.1 kPa,雾化压力2.0 MPa时既能有效增大雾化腔内的气体最大速度和降低最低温度,又能防止过高压力造成返喷而影响气雾化顺行。此外,在极限雾化压力2.0 MPa下,通过增大雾化气体温度、下限流导液管下口直径由5 mm降低至1 mm以及伸出长度由0 mm增大至2 mm均能继续提升气液质量流速比而提升其雾化能力。生产实践也证实了模型的预瞻性,在此优化工艺下生产顺行且粉末粒度D50仅为23.84μm。     

An investigation of descaling spray on microstructural evolution in hot rolling

High pressure water spray is used to remove oxide scales in hot rolling of steel plate. This would reduce the temperature temporarily on the workpiece surface. To investigate the effect of temperature variation due to the descaling spray on the microstructural evolution, a thermal-mechanical coupled FE model has been established. The heat loss due to the spray is experimentally measured and modelled using the established FE model. The heat transfer coefficient is determined using an inverse engineering method. A set of unified viscoplastic constitutive equations is implemented into the commercial FE solver MARC through the user-defined subroutine CRPLAW. The effect of descaling water spray on the surface temperature variation is numerically studied. Furthermore, the effect of surface temperature variation on the evolution of dislocation density, recrystallisation and grain growth is investigated for various hot rolling conditions.     

钴结壳水射流切削系统参数设计

为了避免刀具切削钴结壳时产生冲击载荷,提出了深海钴结壳水射流切削方法。采用仿真计算和实验测试研究了水射流系统参数与其切削性能的作用规律。仿真结果表明:水射流系统的工作压力、喷距和喷射角度是决定水射流切削能力的主要参数;其重要程度依次为工作压力、喷距和喷射角度;提高水射流系统工作压力是提高射流切削能力最有效的方法;在射流工作压力一定的情况下,为了提高射流的切削能力,射流的喷距宜小于4 mm(4倍喷嘴直径)内,射流的喷射角度约为13°。实验结果表明:提高射流的工作压力可以显著提高射流的切削能力,减小射流的喷距有助于提高射流的切削能力,射流的最优喷射角度约为13°。     

An investigation on effect of geometrical parameters on spray cone angle and droplet size distribution of a two-fluid atomizer

A visual study is conducted to determine the effect of geometrical parameters of a two-fluid atomizer on its spray cone angle. The liquid (water) jets exit from six peripheral inclined orifices and are introduced to a high speed gas (air) stream in the gravitational direction. Using a high speed imaging system, the spray cone angle has been determined in constant operational conditions, i.e., Reynolds and Weber numbers for different nozzle geometries. Also, the droplet sizes (Sauter mean diameter) and their distributions have been determined using Malvern Master Sizer x. The investigated geometrical parameters are the liquid jet diameter, liquid port angle and the length of the gas-liquid mixing chamber. The results show that among these parameters, the liquid jet diameter has a significant effect on spray cone angle. In addition, an empirical correlation has been obtained to predict the spray cone angle of the present two-fluid atomizer in terms of nozzle geometries.     

不同温度气体喷射特性的PIV试验研究

研究气体的喷射特性,用于指导发动机燃油供给系统的设计和燃烧室有效组织燃烧。基于粒子图像测速技术(PIV),对不同温度、不同压差下气体喷射的特性进行了对比研究。通过试验分析和图像处理等手段对射流流场及涡结构、气体射流边界扩展、喷嘴轴向流速衰减规律、断面流速分布等进行了总结。试验表明:射流边界呈线性扩展,可用锥角大小来表征其特性,锥角随压差的减小而增大,且增幅明显,温度对其也有一定影响。喷嘴射流的轴向速度与射流距离成反比,而速度的影响面积随射流距离的增大而增大,温度的增大使得相同压差下的轴向速度相应增大,断面流速的分布存在很大的相似性。