软岩巷道锚喷支护破坏分析与对策

软岩巷道锚喷支护破坏原因主要有:巷道底板无支护或支护的强度不够,底板流变极易发展,形成了围岩体的流变通道;大部分锚杆支护为低工作阻力值,支护作用没有得到有效发挥;混凝土喷层和围岩体变形不匹配,导致喷层体离层、剪切破坏;钢笆网抵抗破坏和变形的能力弱,降低了网喷层的强度和抗变形能力.采取的支护对策有:底板反拱加强支护,避免局部围岩体的整体移动,实现巷道周边岩体的均匀收敛变形;选用长锚杆,更好地控制巷道围岩的变形;初喷混凝土为厚度20 mm薄喷层,实现初喷层与巷道围岩体的同步变形;用直径4 mm冷拔钢丝编织金属网替代钢笆网,提高网喷层支护体的强度与抗变形能力;二次锚杆支护在复喷混凝土后进行,防止网喷层与围岩体离层现象的发生.     

软岩巷道围岩损伤破坏范围的地震探测研究

针对软岩巷道难支护的主要原因是对巷道工程地质条件和围岩结构认识不清、支护对象不明确的问题,论述 了应用地震技术探测软岩巷道损伤破坏范围的可行性,以显德汪矿主运输大巷为试验研究对象,利用地震技术对巷道进行了全断面探测,实现了软弱结构面的空间定位和围岩结构的精确探测,从而为支护形式和参数的选择提供了直观可靠的地质依据。     

千米深井软岩巷道破坏机理及支护技术研究

基于矿井开采逐渐向深部发展,巷道围岩呈现高地压、大变形、难支护的特点,常规锚网支护已难以控制巷道围岩变形的情况.通过对华丰煤矿-1?100水平巷道破坏机理的研究,提出了采用马蹄形巷道支护断面和全封闭支护的理念,加强底板承载能力和巷道抗蠕变能力;根据千米深井巷道围岩流变特性,研究得出了围岩地压得到合理释放趋于稳定时进行永久支护的时机和距离,并在永久支护中实施锚注加固,使松散破碎岩块胶结成整体提高了围岩的内聚力和内摩擦角,使围岩由“软”变“硬”,使无支护作用的围岩体变为支护结构,同时锚注锚杆成为全长锚固锚杆,加强了围岩的加固效果,达到安全永久支护巷道的目的.     

软岩巷道围岩变形形态与适时支护

应用特征值法分析了围岩变形形态与支护之间的关系，介绍了确定最优支护时间的原理和方法，并用实例证明了该方法的可靠性和简单易行的的特点。     

地过程分析的地下软弱层状岩石巷道破坏的相似模拟试验研究

对模拟实验原理进行了阐述 ,结合现场实际破坏特征 ,对软弱层状岩石巷道的破坏过程进行了相似模拟实验 ,根据试验结果和计算机仿真结果 ,对其破坏过程进行了分析 ,对现场施工具有指导意义     

软岩巷道支护荷载的确定方法

通过分析巷道围岩与支护的相互作用原理 ,得出了软岩巷道失稳的原因是由于围岩自承力与支护力不足的结果 .认为一个优化的软岩巷道支护设计应在确保支护稳定的前提下 ,最大限度地释放围岩的能量 ,使以变形形式转化的工程力达到最大 ,同时最大限度地发挥围岩的自承能力 ,使工程支护力达到最小 ,而其关键是确定变形能释放时间和最佳支护时间 .软岩巷道开挖后 ,通常在巷道周围形成塑性软化区和塑性流动区 ,实施支护力就是要控制塑性流动区的范围与发展 ,达到最佳支护时间时的支护荷载为最小支护荷载 ,可以通过塑性软化区和塑性流动区内岩石的重力求得     

软岩巷道支护技术的研究

本通过矿压观测了解软岩巷道变形破坏规律，根据不同岩性巷道采用不同力学性质的支困，研制了平枯曲腿支架解决以水平应力作用为诉巷道支护问题，获得良好的效益。     

巷道锚喷支护设计的专家系统

巷道锚喷支护设计的专家系统研究生杨树立导师雷化南１问题的提出专家系统是人工智能研究领域的一个分支，同时也是人工智能应用的最前沿，它是一种以计算机技术为依托、模仿人类思维过程为目的的科研方法。从２０世纪６０年代中期到现在，专家系统的发展已经经过了三代，...     

深部软岩巷道围岩变形分析与控制

针对某深部软岩巷道支护困难问题,首先对围岩进行力学性能试验,然后利用有限元分析方法,在基于不同埋深软岩巷道围岩变形特征研究的基础上,从巷道开挖和围岩支护两方面对深部高地应力软岩巷道围岩变形与控制进行深入研究.结果表明:随软岩巷道埋深增大,巷道围岩变形呈线性增大趋势;在深部高地应力下掘进巷道时,全断面开挖法围岩变形最大,...     

Bolt-grouting combined support technology in deep soft rock roadway

Analyzing the mineral composition, mechanical properties and ground stress testing in surrounding rock,the study investigated the failure mechanism of deep soft rock roadway with high stress. The boltgrouting combined support system was proposed to prevent such failures. By means of FLAC3D numerical simulation and similar material simulation, the feasibility of the support design and the effectiveness of support parameters were discussed. According to the monitoring the surface and deep displacement in surrounding rock as well as bolt axial load, this paper analyzed the deformation of surrounding rock and the stress condition of the support structure. The monitor results were used to optimize the proposed support scheme. The results of field monitors demonstrate that the bolt-grouting combined support technology could improve the surround rock strength and bearing capacity of support structure, which controlled the great deformation failure and rheological property effectively in deep soft rock roadway with high stress. As a result, the long term stability and safety are guaranteed.     

Parameter analysis of anchor bolt support for large-span and jointed rock mass

1INTRODUCTION Anchorboltsupportiswidelyusedintunne ling[1],mining[2]andundergroundopeningsupports[3]asaneconomical,reliable,simpleandconvenient method.Thismethodisevenwell knownforitseffec tivenessinthesupportofjointcontainingrockmass[4,5].Becauseoftheindeterminationandrandom nessofgeologicconfiguration,anchorboltsaremainlyusedexperientially,althoughlotsoffieldtests[69],la boratorytests[9,10]andnumericalstudy[1115]havebeencarriedoutathomeandabroad,andanumberofem piricalformulastorevealthew…     

Failure mechanism of Mesozoic soft rock roadway in Shajihai coal mine and its surrounding rock control

In view of the buckling failure caused by large deformation of Mesozoic soft rock roadway in Shajihai mining area, such as serious roof fall, rib spalling, floor heave, etc., based on the detail site i...     

新型半刚性网壳锚喷支护技术在软岩巷道中的适用性研究

通过对钢筋网壳锚喷支护的技术特色、结构特点、支护原理的研究,分析了半刚性网壳支护结构对软岩支护的适应性。并完成了室内整架载荷试验。结合在桃园矿的应用情况,阐述了其支护参数选择和施工工艺,并对其进行现场监测,分析了这种新型支护形式的支护性能。实践证明,空间网壳锚喷支护结构与围岩相互作用的整体性好,具有良好的力学性能与较高的承载能力,是软岩巷道中的一种既经济又安全可靠的支护结构形式。     

Influence of dynamic pressure on deep underground soft rock roadway support and its application

Due to high ground stress and mining disturbance, the deformation and failure of deep soft rock roadway is serious, and invalidation of the anchor net-anchor cable supporting structure occurs. The failure characteristics of roadways revealed with the help of the ground pressure monitoring. Theoretical analysis was adopted to analyze the influence of mining disturbance on stress distribution in surrounding rock,and the change of stress was also calculated. Considering the change of stress in surrounding rock of bottom extraction roadway, the displacement, plastic zone and distribution law of principal stress difference under different support schemes were studied by means of FLAC3D. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel was proposed for bottom extraction roadway that underwent mining disturbance. We carried out a similarity model test to verify the effect of support in dynamic pressure. Monitoring results demonstrated the change rules of deformation and stress of surrounding rock in different supporting schemes. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel had an effective control on deformation of surrounding rock. The scheme was successfully applied in underground engineering practice, and achieved good technical and economic benefits.     

Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock of broken and soft rock roadway

A similar material model and a numerical simulation were constructed and are described herein. The deformation and failure of surrounding rock of broken and soft roadway are studied by using these models. The deformation of the roof and floor, the relative deformation of the two sides and the deformation of the deep surrounding rock are predicted using the model. Measurements in a working mine are compared to the results of the models. The results show that the surrounding rock shows clear rheological features under high stress conditions. Deformation is unequally distributed across the whole section. The surrounding rock exhibited three deformation stages: displacement caused by stress concentration, rheological displacement after the digging effects had stabilized and displacement caused by supporting pressure of the roadway. Floor heave was serious, accounting for 65% of the total deformation of the roof and floor. Floor heave is the main reason for failure of the surrounding rock. The reasons for deformation of the surrounding rock are discussed based on the similar material and numerical simulations.     

基于松动圈理论的软岩大变形隧道锚杆支护优化研究

在高地应力软岩区修建隧道时,由于软岩自身强度低、膨胀性强,又受高地应力挤压,若施工措施不当易发生软岩大变形,给工程建设带来巨大困难。根据围岩松动圈理论,采用统一强度准则,考虑中间主应力的影响,分析围岩应力状态,得到适用于软岩大变形隧道围岩松动圈半径计算公式。对安岚高速谢家坡隧道围岩进行弹塑性分析发现,软岩大变形隧道围岩松动圈沿横断面分布并不均匀,呈边墙大拱顶小的趋势,且随大变形级别的升高和支护反力的减小而增大。结合现场测试得到Ⅱ级大变形松动圈厚度拱顶处为6.5~7.0 m,边墙处为7.0~7.5 m;Ⅲ级大变形松动圈厚度拱顶处为7.5~8.0 m,边墙处为8.0~8.5 m,并以松动圈厚度为依据优化系统锚杆长度。对优化段监测可见,围岩变形显著减小,稳定性有效提高。