铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊研究现状

回填式搅拌摩擦点焊作为一种新型的固相连接技术,在船舶、汽车、列车、航空航天制造等领域,有望成为替代电阻点焊、铆接等传统连接方式的新技术,受到国内外学者的关注研究。在大量文献分析的基础上,对铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的搅拌工具、接头组织和力学性能、异种材料焊接等方面的研究进行了总结。研究表明,接头的剪切性能和断裂模式主要与接头的焊核深度和钩状缺陷,连接带的尺寸分布有关;对于异种材料焊接接头,金属间化合物层的成分及其厚度是影响其力学性能的重要因素。     

汽车用铝钢无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊接头组织及界面特征研究

随着轻量化技术的发展，镀锌钢板与铝合金等异种金属连接在现代汽车工业中的应用越来越多，回抽式无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊具有热输入低、焊缝晶粒细小、接头力学性能高等优点，在铝合金等轻金属焊接领域具有很大的优势。本工作使用回抽式搅拌摩擦点焊技术，成功实现了0.7 mm厚的镀锌钢板与2 mm厚的铝合金板的无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊连接。在不同的焊接转速下，对铝钢异种金属进行无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊实验研究，分析了无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊接头的剪切性能、断口形貌、各区微观组织、界面区特征及连接机理。研究结果表明，转速为1 200 r/min、压入量为0.2 mm、焊接时间为15 s时焊接接头最佳，具有最好的力学拉伸性能，断裂位置为热机影响区；通过扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)对接头的微观形貌以及断口形貌进行观察分析发现，在搅拌区接头界面形成了约6μm厚的金属间化合物，为AlFe₃、Al₁₃Fe₄、AlFe；各位置处金属间化物的形貌与厚度不同，断裂方式为混合断裂机制，界面处的连接为机械结合和冶金结合两种接合方式。     

钛铝异质材料插销增强搅拌摩擦点焊接头组织与力学性能

目的开发一种无针搅拌头,以解决传统搅拌摩擦焊产生的匙孔和Hook缺陷问题。方法钛板预制通孔,铝板预制盲孔,插销置于孔中,进行搅拌摩擦点焊。采用无针搅拌头对厚度为2mm的TC1钛合金板和厚度为4 mm的2A12铝合金板(钛上铝下)进行了异种金属搭接搅拌摩擦点焊试验,试验采用旋转速度为950 r/min,焊接时间为100 s,下压量为0.2 mm的工艺参数,对焊接接头的抗拉剪力及接头组织进行评估。结果添加插销获得的焊接接头,钛、铝板与销之间实现固相连接,有效解决了有针搅拌摩擦焊产生的匙孔和Hook缺陷问题,且接头的抗拉剪力达到了6.42 kN。结论提出的插销增强搅拌摩擦点焊的新方法,采用的搅拌头具有较低的制造成本,工艺简单,提高了焊接效率,同时确保了焊接接头的质量。     

搅拌摩擦点焊技术及其研究现状

鉴于搅拌摩擦点焊受到国内外越来越多学者的关注研究,本文在大量文献分析的基础上对搅拌摩擦点焊进行了分类和总结.详细综述了搅拌摩擦点焊的工艺方法、接头组织和力学性能以及焊接过程数值模拟等方面的研究,归纳了该工艺在航空、航天和汽车领域的应用,最后,分析了搅拌摩擦点焊当前存在的主要问题.     

搅拌摩擦焊接技术研究进展专题 序

<正>制造业是国民经济的主要支柱。我国是世界制造大国,但还不是制造强国;制造技术基础薄弱,创新能力不强;产品以低端为主;制造过程资源、能源消耗大,污染严重。《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年)》中明确指出,要重点研究开发绿色制造技术。搅拌摩擦焊就是一种非常典型的高效、节能、无污染的先进焊接技术。搅拌摩擦焊接及其衍生技术(如搅拌摩擦加工、搅拌摩擦点焊等)均是利用摩擦     

钛-铝异种材料的点焊技术研究新进展

钛合金和铝合金的应用在航空航天及汽车制造领域都在逐步增加,而Ti/Al异种金属复合结构中搭接连接无疑是不可避免的连接形式,因此对于钛/铝异种金属点焊技术的研究是非常必要的。由于Ti/Al两种材料的物理和化学性质存在巨大差异,导致两者的焊接尤为困难,目前能实现钛铝异种材料的高质量焊接的方法研究较少。先从钛和铝材料的本身特性入手,阐述目前3种常用的点焊技术:电阻点焊、搅拌摩擦点焊和超声波点焊的研究现状。主要涉及点焊接头成形、焊接参数、接头的组织特征以及力学性能,探究了各个方法的优缺点,并指出Ti/Al异种金属焊接质量的关键主要在于对金属间化合物的有效控制。为Ti/Al异种结构的连接提供合适的设计思路,并为新的连接方法提供借鉴思路。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊研究现状及应用

搅拌摩擦焊是由英国焊接研究所发明的一种固相连接技术，可以对熔化焊接性差的铝合金进行可靠的连接，又具有诸多优点。介绍了搅拌摩擦焊工艺过程，分析了搅拌摩擦焊技术目前存在的优缺点，综述了铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的国内外研究现状和应用情况，指出搅拌摩擦焊为现代铝合金制造业提供了新的连接方法。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊疲劳强度研究

该文采用MTS810试验机对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊试验件和点焊试验件进行拉伸疲劳试验,得到了不同交变载荷下2种焊接试验件的疲劳特性。结果表明,同一搅拌摩擦焊试验件接头力学性能分布更加均匀,裂纹形貌光滑平直。搅拌摩擦焊试验件平均疲劳极限为1 735.0 N,为点焊试验件的71.6%,搅拌摩擦焊试验件疲劳极限的分散性略高于点焊试验件。     

钛合金搅拌摩擦焊研究进展

搅拌摩擦焊是一种固相连接技术,具有低应力、小变形、绿色环保等优点。在航空、航天等领域广泛应用的钛合金材料的搅拌摩擦焊技术,是目前国内外研究的热点与难点。主要从焊接接头的显微组织、力学性能、搅拌头磨损和复合工艺这几个方面,介绍了钛合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究进展,并对该技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

镁合金搅拌摩擦焊技术的研究进展

搅拌摩擦焊技术是近十几年发展起来的，适合于低熔点合金的一种新型焊接方法。由于镁合金具有密度小、比强度高、尺寸稳定性好等特点，目前镁合金的搅拌摩擦焊已经引起了越来越多的关注。综述了国内外镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接技术的研究现状，包括镁合金与同种及异种合金的连接技术，并展望了镁合金搅拌摩擦焊技术的发展趋势。     

The optimization of welding parameters for friction stir spot welding of high density polyethylene sheets

Friction stir spot welding parameters affect the weld strength of thermoplastics, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets. The strength of a friction stir spot weld is usually determined by a lap-shear test. For maximizing the weld strength, the selection of welding parameters is very important. This paper presents an application of Taguchi method to friction stir spot welding strength of HDPE sheets. An orthogonal array, the signal to noise ratio (S/N), and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to investigate friction stir welding parameter effects on the weld strength. From the ANOVA and the S/N ratio response graphs, the significant parameters and the optimal combination level of welding parameters were obtained. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the method.     

A review of numerical analysis of friction stir welding

Friction stir welding is a relatively new solid-state joining technique which is widely adopted in different industry fields to join different metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. Friction stir welding is a highly complex process comprising several highly coupled physical phenomena. The complex geometry of some kinds of joints and their three dimensional nature make it difficult to develop an overall system of governing equations for theoretical analyzing the behavior of the friction stir welded joints. The experiments are often time consuming and costly. To overcome these problems, numerical analysis has frequently been used since the 2000s. This paper reviews the latest developments in the numerical analysis of friction stir welding processes, microstructures of friction stir welded joints and the properties of friction stir welded structures. Some important numerical issues such as materials flow modeling, meshing procedure and failure criteria are discussed. Numerical analysis of friction stir welding will allow many different welding processes to be simulated in order to understand the effects of changes in different system parameters before physical testing, which would be time-consuming or prohibitively expensive in practice. The main methods used in numerical analysis of friction stir welding are discussed and illustrated with brief case studies. In addition, several important key problems and issues remain to be addressed about the numerical analysis of friction stir welding and opportunities for further research are identified.     

Optimization of process parameters of friction stir spot welding of polycarbonate sheets and morphological analysis

Friction stir spot welding has a great impact on the joining process of thermoplastics. In this work, effects of varying rotational speed, plunge depth, and dwell time were investigated on polycarbonate sheets and a filler sheet was utilized to reduce the keyhole size of friction stir spot welded joints. The welding parameters were arranged according to Taguchi L₉ orthogonal design of experiments to determine the optimum levels of process parameters. Lap shear tests were performed to examine the mechanical properties. Using analysis of variance and signal to noise ratio, influences of each welding parameter on the lap joint shear load were evaluated. According to achieved results, tool rotational speed has the highest effect while plunge depth has minimum effect on the mechanical behavior of friction stir spot welded joints. Optimum process parameters were attained as 1000 min⁻¹ for rotational speed, 10.5 mm of plunge depth, and 40 s of dwell time. Optimized process parameters showed 15 % improvement compared to the initial welding parameters. Cross-sectional appearances of welded samples which play an important role in determining lap joint shear load were analyzed by morphological and visual comparisons. Failure modes of the fractured samples for lowest, moderate and highest lap joint shear loads were also observed.     

搅拌摩擦焊接技术的研究现状及其展望

搅拌摩擦焊是针对焊接性差的铝、铗合金而开发出的一种新型固相焊接工艺,由英国焊接研究所于1991年开发的专利技术.简要介绍了搅拌摩擦焊的应用现状,综述了近10年来国内外搅拌摩擦焊技术的发展概况和最新进展,比较详尽地总结了焊接接头形成机理、适用母材、接头微观组织、力学性能、焊接设备、焊接工艺及搅拌摩擦焊应用领域.     

搅动摩擦焊的特点和应用

搅动摩擦焊是在摩擦焊基础上派生出来的，它不受焊件必须是旋转对称体的限制，适于焊铝合金等熔点较低材料，焊缝为固态组织，避免了普通熔焊可能产生的各种缺陷，是解决Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金，金属基复合材料焊接问题的好方法。     

搅拌摩擦焊焊缝表面凹陷现象控制方法研究现状

搅拌摩擦焊以其优异的焊接性能在工业生产中得到了广泛应用,但其所产生的焊缝表面凹陷现象也逐渐成为一个亟待解决的问题。对FSW焊缝表面产生凹陷的原因和对结构件产生的影响进行了分析,探讨了当前国内外对FSW焊缝表面凹陷现象控制方法的研究现状。结果表明,改进焊具结构的方法简化了焊接工艺,但去除焊缝表面凹陷的效果有待进一步提高,对待焊接部位进行焊前增材处理,或对于非焊接部位进行焊前减材处理的工艺方法解决了焊缝表面的凹陷现象,但工艺流程繁琐。通过一种结构简单的新型焊具从根本上彻底消除了FSW的焊缝表面凹陷现象,获得了高质量的焊接接头。通过进一步的工艺优化,可以在关键结构件的保形精确焊接中发挥重要作用。     

6082-T6回填式搅拌摩擦点焊热-流耦合分析

为了解释了回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的连接机理,本文根据6082-T6铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊焊接过程的特点,建立了简化的热源模型,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟出焊接过程中的温度场,进而耦合得到其应力场.结果表明:随着焊接过程的进行,铝合金6082-T6最高温度分布在袖筒1/2处,焊点处粘塑性金属的最大流动速度出现在铝合金上表面袖筒内侧区域;通过分析模拟过程中流体流动的流线与试验测量所得接头形貌照片,得到流场的分布规律.     

Friction stir welding of dissimilar metal joints

Friction stir welding is a solid‐state welding technology, which is suitable for joining dissimilar metals such as aluminium and copper. Because the solidus temperature is typically not exceeded, the formation of intermetallic phases can be reduced when compared to fusion welding processes. In friction stir welding, the intermetallic layer thickness, which determines the seam properties, is influenced by the welding temperature and is formed in correspondence with the Arrhenius law. It is typically in the range of a few hundred nanometers thick. In turn, the process temperature is determined by the process parameters, primarily the rotational speed and the feed rate of the machine tool. In this study, a temperature‐controlled friction stir welding process has been applied to lap joints of aluminium and copper. Welding experiments with various welding speeds and probe lengths were performed in order to assess the effect of the temperature‐time profile near the welding interface. The joints were investigated by tensile shear tests as well as optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.     

Formation and retention of local melted films in AZ91 friction stir spot welds

The formation of local melted films during friction stir spot welding of as-cast AZ91D and thixomolded AZ91 material is investigated. The average temperatures close to the tip of the rotating pin vary from 438 to 454 °C during the dwell period in friction stir spot welding. These measured temperature values are higher than the melting temperature of α-Mg + Mg₁₇Al₁₂ eutectic (437 °C). It is suggested that the temperature in the stir zone during the dwell period is determined by the relative proportions of α-Mg and (α-Mg + Mg₁₇Al₁₂) eutectic material, which are incorporated during friction stir spot welding. Based on the stir zone temperature measurements and a detailed examination of material located at the root of the pin thread it is suggested that material is moved downwards via the pin thread and into the stir zone during the dwell period in friction stir spot welding. Evidence of local melted film formation is observed in the stir zone of AZ91 spot welds. It is suggested that melted films are retained since their dissolution rate is much slower in the high temperature stir zone than it is when melted films is formed in the stir zone during Al 7075-T6 friction stir spot welding. The spontaneous melting temperature, solute diffusion rate and the thermodynamic driving force for droplet dissolution are much higher during Al 7075-T6 friction stir spot welding.     

搅拌摩擦焊接及其加工研究现状与展望

搅拌摩擦焊是一种新型的固相焊接工艺,在近些年取得了巨大的研究进展.从搅拌摩擦焊的工作原理和特点出发,对搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数、焊缝组织及性能进行了评述;最后简要介绍了搅拌摩擦加工的最新发展及在各工业领域中的应用概况.