外加电位对X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用动电位扫描方法和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究了X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并用扫描电镜观察分析了不同外加电位下的断口形貌。结果表明,X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的极化曲线具有典型的活性溶解特征。随外加电位的负移,X80管线钢的应力腐蚀敏感性明显增加。阴极极化条件下,X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的SCC的开裂机制为氢致破裂(HIC)。     

外加电位对X80管线钢在轮南土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)实验、SEM观察和动电位极化曲线测量等方法,研究了外加电位对X80管线钢母材及焊缝在轮南土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。结果表明,X80钢母材及焊缝在轮南土壤模拟溶液中均具有一定的应力腐蚀敏感性。在同一外加电位下,X80钢焊缝的SCC敏感性高于母材的;X80钢SCC敏感性及开裂机理受外加电位影响显著,在-500 mV外加阳极电位下,X80钢的SCC机理为裂尖阳极溶解-膜破裂机制,在-800 mV阴极电位以下(-850,-1000和-1500 mV),氢脆作用在SCC过程中的影响明显增强,阴极析氢反应促进了钢的氢致开裂,导致X80钢SCC敏感性显著增加。     

外加电位对X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

采用慢应变速率拉仲试验(SSRT)研究了不同外加电位下X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为,并用扫描电镜分析了不同电位下的断面形貌.结果表明,X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中具有SCC敏感性;在Ecorr附近施加弱极化时,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增加;施加强阳极电位时,发生强烈阳极溶解,导致阳极溶解断裂;施加强阴极电位时,析氢过程加强,导致氢致应力腐蚀断裂.     

X80 管线钢在酸性环境下的氢致开裂行为研究

目的研究X80管线钢在我国典型酸性环境(鹰潭土壤模拟溶液)下的氢致开裂行为。方法采用电化学动电位扫描技术、慢应变速率拉伸实验和扫描电镜技术,分析氢在X80管线钢中的渗透行为、材料的放氢行为、电化学充氢对材料拉伸性能的影响以及材料断口的形貌。结果通过氢渗透实验测得,在室温下,氢在X80管线钢中的的氢扩散通量J∞=7.31×10-11mol/(cm2·s),有效扩散系数Deff=5.36×10-8cm2/s,可扩散氢浓度C0=7.64×10-5mol/cm3。钢中的氧化铝类非金属夹杂及表面点蚀坑促进了氢致裂纹的萌生,充氢后试样发生穿晶断裂。随着充氢时间的增加,断口由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂,氢致开裂敏感性增高。结论 X80管线钢在我国典型酸性环境下(鹰潭土壤模拟溶液)具有较高的氢致开裂敏感性。     

硫酸盐还原菌对X80钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响北大核心CSCD

利用动电位极化技术、慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)以及扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了大港土壤环境中硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对X80钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响及作用机理。结果表明:与无菌条件下相比,大港土壤模拟溶液中SRB的存在促进了X80管线钢的阳极溶解过程,诱发了金属的点蚀行为,增大了应力腐蚀开裂的机率。大港溶液中SRB数量越多,试样的点蚀电位越低,X80钢的应力腐蚀敏感性越大。当SRB生长4 d时,其菌量最大,此时试样断口形貌仍表现为韧性断裂特征;在SRB不同生长阶段下大港土壤模拟溶液中X80管线钢的应力腐蚀开裂机理为阳极溶解机制。     

阴极保护条件下X80钢在新疆农田土壤和模拟溶液中的氢脆敏感性差异研究

选择西部管道用大管径X80钢,通过外加阴极保护电位下的慢应变拉伸试验结合阴极极化曲线对比分析了其在新疆农田水饱和土壤及其模拟溶液中氢脆敏感性的变化规律。结果表明,随阴极保护电位的负移,X80钢的断面收缩率和延伸率逐渐降低,氢脆敏感性增加;农田土壤和模拟溶液中阴极保护电位分别达到-1.15V(CSE,下同)和-1.10V时,X80钢发生明显脆断;X80钢在模拟溶液中的氢脆敏感性高于在土壤中。因此利用土壤模拟溶液对X80钢进行氢脆敏感性研究更偏保守,是适宜的。     

硫酸盐还原菌对X80钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响

利用动电位极化技术、慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)以及扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了大港土壤环境中硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对X80钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响及作用机理。结果表明:与无菌条件下相比,大港土壤模拟溶液中SRB的存在促进了X80管线钢的阳极溶解过程,诱发了金属的点蚀行为,增大了应力腐蚀开裂的机率。大港溶液中SRB数量越多,试样的点蚀电位越低,X80钢的应力腐蚀敏感性越大。当SRB生长4 d时,其菌量最大,此时试样断口形貌仍表现为韧性断裂特征;在SRB不同生长阶段下大港土壤模拟溶液中X80管线钢的应力腐蚀开裂机理为阳极溶解机制。     

X70钢和X80钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中的氢脆敏感性

采用动态充氢的试验方法,研究X70,X80钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中的氢脆敏感性,即在对X70钢和X80钢试样施加过负阴极保护电位的同时,对试样进行慢应变速率试验。结果表明,随着阴极保护电位变负,X70钢和X80钢的氢脆敏感性均有所增强,在相同的阴极保护电位下,X80钢的氢脆风险大于X70钢。     

电化学充氢对X80管线钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学技术、慢应变速率拉伸实验和扫描电镜(SEM)对电化学充氢后的X80管线钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明：X80管线钢静态充氢后在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中具有较高的应力腐蚀(SCC)敏感性,其断口模式为穿晶断裂;随着电化学充氢时间的延长,氢致塑性损失不断增加,拉伸断口由韧窝状韧性断口向脆性解理断口发展,SCC敏感性增大;电化学充氢促进了点蚀坑的萌生,点蚀坑和第二相夹杂是SCC裂纹萌生的重要原因。     

库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中X80钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂行为

利用动电位扫描技术和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中不同外加阴极电位下X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。结果表明:阴极电位对X80钢焊接接头处的SCC敏感性影响较为明显。拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区。在Ecorr下,金属表面裂纹萌生于点蚀坑,试样开裂为阳极溶解机制。当外加电位为-800 m V至-900 m V时,金属处于阴极保护电位区,此时金属的SCC敏感性较低,其开裂机制为阳极溶解和氢致开裂混合机制。当外加电位小于等于-950 m V时,外加电位越低,材料的SCC敏感性越大,此时金属SCC行为表现为氢脆机制。     

pH值对海水中TMCP X80钢氢脆敏感性影响

采用氢渗透实验法、动电位极化法研究TMCP X80管线钢在不同pH值海水中的氢渗透行为,结合扫描电镜 (SEM) 观察研究显微组织及氢渗透行为对氢脆敏感性的影响。结果表明,随着海水pH值的减小,析氢电位发生正移。天然海水和酸性海水中氢扩散系数随着极化电位负移而增加;极化电流密度越大,氢扩散系数和氢浓度越大。在负于析氢电位时,显微形貌显示出明显的蚀坑和氢鼓泡,酸性海水中更严重。随着海水pH值的减小及外加阴极极化电位负移,氢扩散到材料内部的量更大;充氢电流密度增加也促进氢的扩散,X80钢氢脆敏感性增加。     

Effects of Cathodic Potential, Bicarbonate, and Chloride Ions on SCC of X70 Pipeline Steel

This is an investigation on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of X70 pipeline steel in high pH carbonate-bicarbonate solutions with different concentrations of bicarbonate and chloride ions and at cathodic potential of ?1100 mV versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) using slow strain rate testing. Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of X70 pipeline steel in solutions with different concentrations. X70 pipeline steel fracture surface morphology in these different solutions was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results suggested that the susceptibility to SCC for X70 pipeline steel decreased in the most dilute carbonate-bicarbonate solution in the absence of the chloride ion. Also, at potential of ?1100 mV versus SCE, all fracture surfaces showed semi-brittle behavior with transgranular cracks.     

34CrNi3Mo钢在NaOH水溶液中应力腐蚀开裂机理的研究

本文应用恒电位下应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的断裂力学试验方法、氢渗透、声发射和电子金相技术,研究了34CrNi3Mo钢在30％NaOH水溶液中SCC机理:在开路电应下,只有当温度>50℃时方可出现SCC;在80℃时,当给定电位E于-1150mV(SCE)时,为活性通道溶解(APC)型SCC,而当给定电位负于-1150mV(SCE)时,州为氢脆(HE)型SCC。由此可见,即使是同—钢—环境体系,SCC的机理也是可变的,因此,想把SCC机理归纳成一个统一的模型是不妥当的。     

X100管线钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

采用慢拉伸(SSRT)、动电位极化和SEM观察等方法,研究了在不同的阴极保护电位条件下X100钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明,X100钢发生穿晶裂纹的应力腐蚀,裂纹的萌生和发展与阴极保护电位有关.完全阳极过程控制时,X100钢无裂纹出现,但出现晶间腐蚀;在混合过程控制时,应力腐蚀敏感性较低,裂纹发展缓慢;在完全阴极过程控制时,氢脆机制起主要作用,裂纹扩展迅速.     

酸性土壤环境中剥离涂层下X80钢应力腐蚀行为及机理

目的研究酸性土壤环境中剥离涂层下X80管线钢应力腐蚀行为及机理。方法采用电化学极化曲线测试、慢应变速率拉伸试验和腐蚀形貌扫描电子显微镜观察,对服役于鹰潭土壤环境的X80管线钢在剥离涂层下滞留液中的应力腐蚀行为及机理进行了分析研究。结果 X80管线钢在剥离涂层下的滞留液中具有一定的SCC敏感性,应力腐蚀开裂类型属于TGSCC,敏感性较大位置为近漏点处、剥离区中下部及剥离区底部,且近漏点处滞留液体系中X80钢的SCC机理受阳极溶解(AD)机制控制,剥离区底部滞留液中SCC机理受阳极溶解+氢脆(AD+HE)的混合机制控制。结论服役于酸性土壤中的X80管线钢在外防腐涂层破损后,除开放破损处将发生腐蚀外,剥离涂层下的管线钢还会存在一定的应力腐蚀敏感性。     

外加电位对X80管线钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学动电位极化技术、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)实验和SEM对X80管线钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为进行了研究.结果表明:X80管线钢在酸性土壤环境中具有较高的SCC敏感性,其断口模式为穿晶SCC;SCC机制随外加电位的不同而改变,在外加电位高于-930 mV时,其SCC机制由阳极溶解和氢致腐蚀两种电极过程控制,呈现阳极溶解和氢脆复合机制;当电位低于该电位时,其SCC为氢脆机制.随着外加阴极电位的降低,X80管线钢的SCC敏感性不断增大;与X70钢相比,氢脆作用在X80管线钢SCC过程中发挥了更重要的作用.     

Relationship between electrochemical characteristics and SCC of X70 pipeline steel in an acidic soil simulated solution

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X70 pipeline steel in simulated solution of the acidic soil in Yingtan in China was investigated using slow strain rate test (SSRT), SEM and potentiodynamic polarization technique. Experiment results indicate that X70 steel is highly susceptible to SCC as applied potential reduces, which is manifested in loss of toughness and brittle fracture. Constant polarization current can detect the occurrence of SCC. The lower the polarization current is the sooner stress corrosion cracking occurs. The SCC mechanisms are different at varying potentials. When potential is higher than open circuit potential, anodic process controls SCC, whereas when potential is far lower than open circuit potential, cathodic process controls SCC, and between these two potential regions, a combined electrochemical process controls the SCC. Stress or strain has a synergistic effect with electrochemical reactions to accelerate the cathodic hydrogen evolution process, which makes the X70 pipeline steel to be more susceptible to SCC.     

A New Understanding of Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanism of X80 Pipeline Steel at Passive Potential in High-pH Solutions

Susceptibilities to stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of X80 pipeline steel in relatively concentrated carbonate/bicarbonate solutions with different chloride ion concentrations or p H value at a passive potential of-200 m V vs SCE were investigated by slow strain rate tensile test.In order to explore the SCC mechanism and the evaluation criterion for the SCC susceptibility of the steel in passive state,electrochemical measurements were taken.Potentiodynamic polarization curves were obtained at different potential sweep rates,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were taken after fast polarization to the passive potential.The effects of chloride ion and p H on SCC behaviors of X80 steel at the passive potential were also discussed.The results showed that the SCC mechanism of X80 pipeline steel was greatly influenced by the passive film formed in these solutions.The SCC behaviors followed the film suppressed anodic dissolution mechanism in these circumstances,because the filming process accounted for a considerable proportion of the overall electrode process.The criteria for evaluating the SCC susceptibility of the steel at passive potential were proposed and validated.Decreasing in the concentration of chloride ion or increasing in p H value resulted in the reduction in SCC susceptibility.The existence of chloride ion greatly lowered the passivation tendency and the film stability,while its concentration determined the dissolution rate of the steel matrix.Higher p H value was responsible for the stable and tenacious passive films and the high repassivation capability.It was also inclined to lower the anodic dissolution rate at crack tips by retarding the cathodic oxygen reduction.     

X70管线钢在近中性及高pH值溶液中的电化学行为和SCC敏感性

采用动电位极化曲线测试法研究了温度、通气条件和pH值对X70管线钢在NS4溶液和0.5 mol/LNa2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中的电化学极化行为的影响,并用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了X70管线钢在这些溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,X70管线钢在NS4溶液中不出现活化—钝化转变区,随外加电位负移,SCC敏感性增加,表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征;在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3高pH值溶液中出现活化—钝化转变区,在阴极极化区,也表现出氢致破裂(HIC)的特征,但在阳极极化区,发生的是阳极溶解型应力腐蚀破裂(ADSCC)。     

En24钢在海水中的应力腐蚀

用恒位移弯曲试验,慢应变速率试验、动电位扫描和浸蚀试验研究了En24钢在海水中的应力腐蚀特性。结果表明,En24钢的环境敏感断裂倾向随强度降低而降低;强度低于临界值,则不出现应力腐蚀裂缝。外加电位对En24钢的环境敏感特性有重要影响,裂缝扩展平台速度于-900mV处出现极小值。依据裂缝扩展动力学、断口形貌、物理冶金参数和电化学等方面的判据,认为En24钢在海水中的应力腐蚀与电位密切相关。低于-900mV,属氢致开裂;高于-900mV,则由阳极溶解过程所制约;在一定电位范围内,不排除两种机理共同作用的可能性。