X70管线钢在热带海水-海泥跃变区的腐蚀行为研究

利用阵列电极技术、线性极化和电化学阻抗等电化学分析技术及腐蚀形貌观察和腐蚀产物物相分析,研究了X70管线钢在海水-海泥跃变区中的腐蚀行为与规律。结果表明,X70管线钢在海水-海泥跃变区形成宏观氧浓差电池,海泥区域及近海水-海泥界面的海水区域为电偶腐蚀阳极区域,海水区域为电偶腐蚀阴极区域;腐蚀后期阶段,海泥下部的电极变为阴极,成为主要的阴极反应区域。海水中的电极腐蚀速率大于海泥中的,而在近海水-海泥界面的区域形成了腐蚀电流峰。海水中高含量的溶解氧促进了电极表面腐蚀产物层的致密化,电荷转移电阻增大;在腐蚀后期,海泥底部硫酸盐还原菌参与了腐蚀反应,生成了硫化物,导致阴极电流密度增大,加快了整个电极的腐蚀速率。     

20#钢/锡青铜偶对在流动海水中的电偶腐蚀行为研究

20#钢穿舱件和锡青铜阀电偶腐蚀是船舶海水管路系统严重腐蚀部位之一。为控制20#钢/锡青铜电偶腐蚀延长海水管路系统寿命,本文通过原位测量20#钢管材和ZCuSn5Pb5Zn5锡青铜管材在静态以及1、3和5 m/s流速海水中的电偶电位和电偶电流,分析电偶腐蚀速率随时间和流速的变化规律;同时采用扫描电镜(SEM)和激光Raman光谱仪分析腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物组分。结果表明,在不同流速海水中,20#钢与ZCuSn5Pb5Zn5合金间存在明显的电偶腐蚀倾向,20#钢作为阳极加剧腐蚀,ZCuSn5Pb5Zn5合金作为阴极受到保护;相比于静态海水,20#钢阳极极化电流密度和ZCuSn5Pb5Zn5合金阴极极化电流密度在流动海水中显著增加,电偶腐蚀显著加剧,1 m/s流速下的电偶腐蚀速率是静态下的17.5倍;当海水流速达到5 m/s后,20#钢表面形成了致密性较高、活性低的腐蚀产物沉积层,电偶腐蚀速率减小。     

碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料与金属的电偶腐蚀行为

采用全浸电偶实验,研究了3%NaCl溶液中,不同温度、不同金属与碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料(GECM)偶合的电偶腐蚀特征,以及LD10/GECM在不同介质环境中的电偶腐蚀行为.结果表明:铝合金LD10、阳极化铝合金LD10、黄铜H62与GECM接触时有显著的电偶腐蚀现象,且以GECM上的氧还原反应为控制步骤.温度升高,反应活性增大,但腐蚀产物增多,GECM界面阻抗增大.LD10/GECM在对流、酸性、Cl-含量高的环境中点蚀倾向加剧;在含NO-3离子等氧化剂的环境中有晶间腐蚀倾向.     

海水流速对B10/B30电偶腐蚀行为影响规律研究

B10和B30铜镍合金分别为船舶海水管路和冷却器的主要材料,二者由于镍含量不同腐蚀电位不同,管路与冷却设备连接后,B10和B30存在电偶腐蚀风险,特别是在流动海水加速腐蚀介质和腐蚀产物扩散工况条件。为控制B10/B30电偶腐蚀以延长海水管路系统使用寿命,本文通过电化学法测试了B10和B30管状偶对在静态以及1、3和5 m/s流速海水中的电偶电位和电偶电流,分析电偶腐蚀速率随时间和流速的变化规律。研究结果表明：在静态海水中,B10与B30的电偶腐蚀倾向较小,试验初期B10作为阳极腐蚀略有增加,实验40 h后电偶电流趋近于零;流动海水中,B10阳极极化电流密度和B30阴极极化电流密度显著增加,B10始终作为阳极电偶腐蚀显著加剧,1 m/s流速下的电偶腐蚀速率是静态下的79倍,且随着海水流速的增大,B10/B30电偶电流密度增大,电偶腐蚀速率加快,混合电位理论分析表明B10/B30电偶腐蚀速率是由B10阳极反应动力学和B30阴极反应动力学共同控制。     

Al-Zn-In-Si牺牲阳极在模拟海水及海泥环境中的电化学性能

目的 分析A13型Al-Zn-In-Si牺牲阳极在海水、海泥中的电化学性能.方法 采用恒电流极化进行4 d的加速实验,使用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析电化学腐蚀过程,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及三维超景深显微镜观察分析腐蚀形貌及表面化学成分,对比研究了Al-Zn-In-Si牺牲阳极在模拟海水和海泥环境下的腐蚀形貌、电化学性能.结果 在模拟海水和海泥环境中,尽管Al-Zn-In-Si牺牲阳极都满足DNVGL-RP-B401的要求,但在海泥环境中,其电化学效率仅为65.97％,远低于海水环境中的89.43％.牺牲阳极在海水环境中发生均匀腐蚀,而在海泥环境中却呈现严重的不均匀腐蚀现象,表面腐蚀坑为疏松多孔蜂窝状.结论 在海泥环境下,Al-Zn-In-Si牺牲阳极的腐蚀产物扩散困难,局部呈现腐蚀坑,自腐蚀速率高,导致电化学效率降低.溶解过程中,由于组织脱落,自身消耗增加,电化学容量降低,从而导致阳极在模拟海泥环境中的电化学性能低于海水环境,并揭示了阳极在模拟海水、海泥环境中的腐蚀机理.     

碳钢/Ti和碳钢/Ti/海军黄铜在海水中电偶腐蚀的研究

采用动电位极化技术及失重法研究Q235B碳钢/TA2钛和Q235B碳钢/TA2钛/海军黄铜在海水中的电偶腐蚀规律.测定了Q235B碳钢、TA2钛和海军黄铜在海水中的自然腐蚀电位、腐蚀速率和稳态极化曲线,测定了不同面积比时电偶对电偶电流的大小、方向,电偶电位以及电偶对阳极和阴极的失重速率,由电偶对不同面积比的数据得到Q235B碳钢被Ti电偶极化的动态极化曲线.结果表明,阳极的腐蚀速率随阴/阳极面积比的增大而增加;阳极腐蚀速率随阴/阳极面积比的增大有一个极限值,即当阴/阳极面积比大于这个极限值时,阳极腐蚀速率不再增加.这三种金属构成的电偶对,海军黄铜是这个系统的阴极,受到碳钢的保护.     

海水中钢的电偶腐蚀研究

获取了不同电位差的钢偶对在海水吧不同面积比偶合的腐蚀结果,讲座了海水中钢偶对的电偶腐蚀行为;对文献中推导的海水中钢偶对的腐蚀速度公式进行了检验和简化,海水中钢偶对阳极的腐蚀速度随阴、阳极自腐蚀电极差和阴／阳极面积比的增大而增大,阳极的腐蚀速度与阴／阳极面积比的关系是非线性的,且阳极的腐蚀速度随阴／阳极面积比的增大有一个极限值,阴极的腐蚀速度随阴／阳极面积比减小和阴／阳极电位差增大而减小,简化的海水中钢偶对的腐蚀速度公式与试验结果符合较好。     

钛-碳钢在模拟海水溶液中电偶腐蚀与缝隙腐蚀的耦合作用机制研究

目的 探究TA2-Q235在模拟海水溶液中的电偶腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀及电偶缝隙耦合作用机制,为钛钢复合板在海洋工程结构中的应用设计提供理论指导,提升工程构件使用寿命。方法 通过测量极化曲线、阴阳极开路电位,探究Q235和TA2在电偶腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀及电偶缝隙耦合时阴阳极的极化行为。通过电偶腐蚀测量仪,测量电偶电流,通过腐蚀质量损失,表征阳极金属溶解速率。利用SEM观察微观腐蚀形貌,评价阳极金属腐蚀程度及表面腐蚀产物膜状态。结果 腐蚀介质为中性3.5%NaCl时,单独Q235的自腐蚀电流密度为35.5μA/cm²,呈现均匀腐蚀形貌。Q235与TA2偶接时,耦合电位接近Q235自腐蚀电位,测得平均电偶电流密度为40.5μA/cm²,TA2对Q235阳极溶解加速效应较弱。Q235缝隙样品的缝隙内外不存在电位差,缝内因为供氧不足,阴极反应受到抑制,腐蚀程度小于缝外;TA2-Q235电偶缝隙耦合时,缝内Q235的腐蚀速率低于自腐蚀速率。结论 TA2-Q235电偶与缝隙耦合时,缝隙内缺氧对Q235阴极反应的抑制效应大于TA2电偶对Q235阳极反应的促进效应,使缝...     

结合WBE与EIS技术研究环氧涂层下碳钢与铜合金在海水中的电偶腐蚀

目的 研究环氧涂层下碳钢与铜合金在海水中的电偶腐蚀行为及涂层整体和局部区域的劣化过程。方法 使用丝束电极（WBE）技术和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）技术研究丝束电极表面的电流密度分布和涂层阻抗谱演化,同时对比分析碳钢区域与铜合金区域涂层的阻抗谱特征。结果 阳极电流峰首先出现在碳钢局部区域,而电流密度较大的阴极电流峰主要集中出现在铜合金区域的边缘。当浸泡至122 h时,铜合金区域的涂层阻抗明显低于碳钢区域的涂层阻抗,且EIS响应出现了Warburg扩散阻抗特征。在浸泡456 h后,单根钢电极发生由阴极向阳极的极性转换。结论 涂层下碳钢与铜合金在海水中发生电偶腐蚀时,铜合金作为阴极被保护,但铜合金区域的涂层在阴极剥离的作用下加速劣化。在涂层劣化过程中,碳钢区域的涂层缺陷处成为腐蚀反应的阳极区,而主要的阴极区位于铜合金的边缘区域,这与溶解氧的“竞争效应”有关。由于涂层发生阴极剥离现象使得基底金属被腐蚀,从而导致涂层下单根钢电极的电流发生由阴极向阳极的极性转换。     

T2/TC4在静态人造海水中的电偶腐蚀行为研究

进行T2/TC4电偶对在静态人造海水中的电偶腐蚀实验,通过电化学工作站、原子发射光谱分析仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究T2/TC4在静态人造海水中电偶腐蚀时的铜离子释放速率与腐蚀行为。结果表明：当T2/TC4发生电偶腐蚀时反应强烈,T2为电偶对阳极发生加速腐蚀,TC4为电偶对阴极;与T2自腐蚀相比,T2/TC4电偶腐蚀的铜离子释放速率提高了数十倍,可以维持在160μg/(cm2.d)左右,能达到抑制大多数海洋生物附着的海洋防污要求;T2自腐蚀的腐蚀产物以Cu2O为主,与TC4电偶腐蚀后的T2试样表面无腐蚀产物覆盖。     

苯并三唑对碳钢/铜合金电偶腐蚀行为的影响

目的 研究NaCl溶液中苯并三唑(BTA)对碳钢/铜合金电偶腐蚀行为的影响.方法 使用丝束电极(WBE)技术和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究在未添加和添加BTA的NaCl溶液中,丝束电极表面的电位分布、电流密度分布和电化学阻抗谱演化,同时对比分析碳钢区域与铜合金区域的阻抗谱特征.结果 在未添加BTA的条件下浸泡72 h...     

Heterogeneous corrosion of mild steel under SRB-biofilm characterised by electrochemical mapping technique

Heterogeneous corrosion of mild steel under sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB)-biofilm was characterised by wire beam electrode (WBE) technique and electrochemical impedance spectrum. The potential/current distributions of the WBE under SRB-biofilm showed that the potential maps could not indicate the localised corrosion of steels beneath biofilm due to the fact that all wire electrodes were short-circuited by the highly conductive sulphide precipitates embedded in SRB-biofilm. Instead, the galvanic current maps may give a good indication. The characteristic of super-capacitance (0.21 F/cm²) of SRB-biofilm was attributed to the huge specific surface area of conductive pore walls inside biofilm.     

Galvanic Corrosion of a Carbon Steel-Stainless Steel Couple in Sulfide Solutions

The galvanic corrosion behavior of carbon steel-stainless steel couples with various cathode/anode area ratios was investigated in S ²⁻-containing solutions, which were in equilibrium with air, by electrochemical measurements, immersion test, and surface characterization. It is found that the galvanic corrosion effect on carbon steel anode increases with the cathode/anode area ratios, and decreases with the increasing concentration of S²⁻ in the solution. A layer of sulfide film is formed on carbon steel surface, which protects it from corrosion. When the cathode/anode area ratio is 1:1, the potentiodynamic polarization curve measurement and the weight-loss determination give the identical measurement of the galvanic corrosion effect. With the increase of the cathode/anode area ratio, the electrochemical method may not be accurate to determine the galvanic effect. The anodic dissolution current density of carbon steel cannot be approximated simply with the galvanic current density.     

Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Copper-Drawn Steel for Grounding Grids in the Acidic Red Soil Simulated Solution

The influence of pH and metallographic structure on the corrosion behavior of copper-drawn steel is studied with the simulated system. The effect of pH on the corrosion behavior of copper-drawn steel has been investigated using open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, galvanic current measurement, scanning electron microscopy and scanning vibrating electrode technique techniques. The steel is corroded as anode, while the corrosion of copper plate is protected as cathode. All the results revealed that pH and metallographic structure had a significant influence on the corrosion behavior of copper-drawn steel. With the decrease in pH value from 6 to 2.4, the corrosion rate of copper-drawn steel galvanic couple (Cu-Fe GC) obviously increased in the simulated solution of acidic red soil. The electric field formed by the Cu-Fe GC changes the direction of ion migration between the copper and drawn steel electrodes, which impacts the composition and microstructure of corrosion products formed on the electrode surface.     

Correlation of temperature with galvanic corrosion behaviour of copper alloys based on wire beam electrode

Galvanic corrosion behaviour of copper and copper alloys in chloride solution (0.6?M NaCl) under different temperature conditions (35°C, 55°C and 80°C) was investigated by the wire beam electrode (WBE) method. It was found that the average galvanic current of the Cu and Cu–Sn alloy, which shifted from the cathode at 35°C to the anode at 80°C, increased as temperature increased during the immersion time. In contrast, the average galvanic current of Cu–Zn alloy can be ranked as 35°C?>?55°C?>?80°C. A sudden conversion was that the anode average current of Cu–Zn alloy at 35, 55°C changed into the cathode when the immersion time lasted untill 3 h at 80°C. The results indicate that it is feasible to study the corrosion behaviour under the different temperature environment with the WBE method.     

不锈钢包钢在红壤中的电偶腐蚀行为

通过失重法、电化学方法研究了不锈钢包钢在红壤中的电偶腐蚀行为,采用SEM、XRD观察分析试样的表面形貌及腐蚀产物。结果表明:不锈钢-碳钢电偶对的形成加速了阳极金属材料的腐蚀,随着电偶对阴阳极面积比的增加,电偶电流逐渐增大;不锈钢在浸泡45d后基本没有发生腐蚀,而碳钢则发生了极严重的全面腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要为铁的氧化物。     

Q235碳钢在静止和流动条件下的腐蚀不均匀性研究

目的研究Q235碳钢在静止和流动条件下腐蚀程度和主要腐蚀区域的差异。方法使用丝束电极(WBE)技术和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术分别研究了WBE在静止和流动条件下的电流密度分布、电荷转移电阻以及腐蚀形貌的变化和差异,同时分析了电极的极性转换现象。结果流动条件下Q235碳钢的电荷转移电阻明显降低。在静止条件下,Q235碳钢表面阳极电流区域所占的最大比例为47%,且阳极电流峰集中出现在WBE的中间区域,而四周边缘处的阳极电流峰较少。在流动条件下,Q235碳钢表面的阳极电流区域所占的最大比例为58%,阳极电流峰随机分布在整个WBE表面,且电流分布区间明显变窄。浸泡在静止条件下的58~#电极和流动条件下的39~#电极发生了多次极性转换现象。结论 Q235碳钢在静止和流动条件下均发生了明显的不均匀腐蚀现象。流动条件加剧了Q235碳钢的腐蚀且降低了腐蚀不均匀性。静止条件下Q235碳钢的腐蚀区域集中在中间区域,流动条件下Q235碳钢的腐蚀区域随机分布在整个碳钢表面。静止和流动条件下的钢电极均发生了电流的极性转换现象。     

Electrochemical evaluation of under-deposit corrosion and its inhibition using the wire beam electrode method

A new experimental method has been applied to evaluate under-deposit corrosion and its inhibition by means of an electrochemically integrated multi-electrode array, namely the wire beam electrode (WBE). Maps showing galvanic current and corrosion potential distributions were measured from a WBE surface that was partially covered by sand. Under-deposit corrosion did not occur during the exposure of the WBE to carbon dioxide saturated brine under ambient temperature. The introduction of corrosion inhibitor imidazoline and oxygen into the brine was found to significantly affect the patterns and rates of corrosion, leading to the initiation of under-deposit corrosion over the WBE.     

The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in CO2‐saturated NaCl crevice solution containing acetic acid

The corrosion behavior of X52 carbon steel electrodes in CO₂‐saturated NaCl crevice solution containing HAc was investigated by electrochemical measurements. Chemical environment measurements by Cl^? and pH microprobes show an enrichment of Cl^? ions and an increase of pH values inside the crevice. Moreover, both increments could accelerate with the decreasing dimension of the crevice mouth due to the high diffusive resistance. When the electrode in the crevice solution is coupled with the electrode in bulk solution, the alkalization and the enrichment of Cl^? ions in the crevice solution can result in a negative shift of potential of the electrode in crevice solution, while the potential of the electrode in bulk solution shifts positively during the corrosion process. Thus, a galvanic corrosion is established with the electrode in the crevice solution acting as anode while another in the bulk solution as cathode, i.e., the corrosion in the crevice solution was enhanced while the corrosion in the bulk solution was retarded. The anodic dissolution and the cathodic reduction processes dominate in the crevice solution and in the bulk solution, respectively.