厨余垃圾厌氧消化与微生物电解池耦合产甲烷全生命周期评价

厌氧消化（AD）是厨余垃圾清洁能源化的主流工艺,通过构建AD与微生物电解池（MEC）耦合工艺（AD-MEC）,基于全生命周期评价（LCA）对比AD与AD-MEC耦合工艺处理厨余垃圾产甲烷的环境影响,解析各功能单元的环境影响贡献,并提出优化方案。结果表明,与传统AD工艺相比,新型AD-MEC耦合工艺在富营养化、气候变化、水资源消耗、酸化和初级能源消耗的环境影响潜值均低于AD工艺,削减比例分别为70.28%、39.53%、92.29%、49.68%和41.2%。贡献源解析发现,AD-MEC耦合工艺的预处理和污水处理单元为环境影响的主要贡献源,MEC和AD单元影响较小。基于此,对AD-MEC耦合工艺进行优化,将废水处理单元的出水回用至预处理单元,水资源消耗的环境影响潜值进一步削减61.48%。可见,采用AD-MEC耦合工艺进行厨余垃圾厌氧产沼,通过沼液的深度利用、沼气净化提质和废水回用,可有效减少厨余垃圾处理工艺对环境的影响和资源消耗,具有显著的经济效益和生态环境价值。     

添加垃圾渗滤液对厨余垃圾厌氧发酵产氢的影响

以厨余垃圾和垃圾渗滤液为原料,考察了垃圾渗滤液的不同添加量对厌氧消化稳定性及产氢气性能的影响。结果表明,在厨余垃圾中添加少量的垃圾渗滤液能缩短厌氧消化的延滞期而不影响其消化及产气性能,垃圾渗滤液浓度越高则越容易形成氨抑制,严重影响厌氧消化作用的进行。在40 g厨余原料中添加100 g垃圾渗滤液,其厌氧消化延滞期为6 h,氢气含量稳定在50%,最大产氢气速率为4.8 mL/(h.g),最终氢气产量为48.37 mL/g;添加200~500 g垃圾渗滤液均形成氨抑制,严重影响产气性能,产气速率均低于2.5 mL/(h.g),最终产气量为16~30 mL/g。     

含固率与接种比对分类厨余垃圾高固厌氧消化性能的影响

文章通过分类厨余垃圾中温高固批式厌氧消化试验,研究了含固率（15%,20%,25%）和接种比（1∶1,1∶2,1∶3）对分类厨余垃圾厌氧消化性能的影响。研究结果表明：含固率越高,接种比越低,产甲烷迟滞期就越长;在含固率为25%,接种比为1∶2的条件下,产甲烷迟滞期最长,但日最大产甲烷速率、单位挥发性固体（VS）产甲烷率和单位总固体（TS）产甲烷率均最高,分别为9.8 mL/（g·d）,217.7 mL/g和135.3 mL/g,TS和VS去除率也最高,分别为28.28%和49.47%;当接种比为1∶1时,3组厌氧消化体系均发生严重酸化导致系统崩溃;厌氧消化前期的主要发酵类型为乙酸型发酵和丁酸型发酵,后期主要为丙酸型发酵;在含固率为25%,接种比为1∶2的条件下,丙酸型发酵持续时间最长,对应的甲烷产率最高。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化工艺研究

为了提高餐厨垃圾的厌氧消化效率,对餐厨垃圾序批式厌氧消化(BT)、半连续厌氧消化(SCT)、固液两相厌氧消化(SLT)进行了比选研究。研究结果表明,SLT生产系统有效提高了厌氧消化效率,单位沼气产量与甲烷含量也都显著提高,SLT,SCT及BT的单位VS最大沼气日产量分别为430,270 m L和150 m L,最高甲烷含量分别为68%,57%和50%;SLT的产酸效率及有机酸利用率均显著提高,有机负荷率较SCT提高50%,能够达到9 g/(L·d)。餐厨垃圾的SLT工艺有机负荷及消化效率较SCT及BT工艺均有大幅提高。     

有机垃圾高温厌氧消化中试验研究

采用高温厌氧消化处理方法对城市生活有机垃圾进行了中试试验研究.其有机垃圾产气量73.4m3/t,产气速率0.52m3/m3.d,COD去除率48.8%.结果表明,高温厌氧消化处理是城市生活有机垃圾较好的处理方式之一.有机垃圾不仅可以得到处理,最大限度地减少其污染环境;同时,还可以产生一定的经济效益和巨大的环境效益.这种垃圾处理方式值得应用和推广.     

餐厨垃圾SBMR-ASBR两相厌氧消化产气性能研究

以学校食堂餐厨垃圾为原料,考察餐厨垃圾在SBMR-ASBR反应器中产酸和产甲烷性能。结果表明:高负荷下启动酸化相有利于系统快速形成稳定的乙醇型发酵,且可以避开丙酸型发酵,在10 g/(L.d)负荷(以VS计)下,稳定状态产酸率平均达到55 000 mg/L,VFA中乙醇和乙酸分别平均稳定在27 000 mg/L和23 000mg/L,两者共占总VFA的91%;甲烷相可以稳定运行的最高负荷为5 g/(L.d)(以VS计),此时,系统整体处理能力为3.3 g/(L.d),单位容积产气率达到2.3 L/(L.d),甲烷含量在65%～70%,TS,VS去除率分别达到77%,83%。在实际工程中可以高负荷启动酸化相,有利于系统形成稳定的乙醇型发酵和高负荷运行的甲烷相。     

厨余垃圾能源化处置及预处理方案讨论

介绍厨余垃圾性质和现状,分析现有处理技术存在问题,结合厨余垃圾的特征,提出当前厨余垃圾预处理后固相采用焚烧协同、液相采用厌氧产沼的能源化处置方案及预处理工艺。     

我国城市生活垃圾厌氧消化处理的探讨

分析了我国城市生活垃圾处理现状及存在问题，探讨了以厌氧消化技术为主的城市生活垃圾处理方式，为解决我国的城市生活垃圾问题提供参考。     

可生物降解城市生活垃圾厌氧消化基础及工艺研究进展

从动力学和微生物学等基础研究着手、对不同的可生物降解城市生活垃圾的甲烷产率及其影响因素进行详细分析,并比较了目前采用消化工艺,最后通过分析总结指出目前该技术存在的问题以及今后需要攻破的研究难点.     

餐厨垃圾高效厌氧消化稳定产气研究

厌氧消化是餐厨垃圾产业化处理的主流方式,厌氧系统单位体积有机负荷和单位体积产气率是评价厌氧系统产业化能力的重要指标.实验研究了搅拌频率、物料投加方式和不同单位体积有机负荷情况下厌氧系统的产气情况.结果表明,在选择连续式投加物料情况下,维持60min/3hrs搅拌频率和2.8kg TVS/(m3.d)单位体积有机负荷水平,全混合厌氧消化系统可以获得稳定的高产气率,达到(2.69±0.03)m3/(m3·d),甲烷体积分数(65.2±1.3)％.     

剩余污泥与生活有机垃圾联合厌氧消化产沼气研究

以污水处理厂剩余污泥和生活垃圾为发酵原料,研究了不同原料配比对厌氧消化过程及消化效率的影响。结果表明,剩余污泥和生活垃圾联合厌氧发酵可以提高垃圾的消化效率,当剩余污泥和生活垃圾TS比为1∶4时厌氧消化效果最好,经过66 d消化后,COD去除率为59.79%,TS去除率为56.92%,VS去除率为66.87%。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的工艺比选研究

研究了餐厨垃圾两段法厌氧消化工艺与整体一段法的性能差异。两种工艺的累积产气量几乎不存在差异,产气率分别达到135．66L／kgVS和134．56L／kgVS。两种工艺相比,一段法的产气周期短,但是产气的稳定性不佳,在整个消化过程中产气量波动明显,规律性不明显。研究认为：对于餐厨垃圾的厌氧消化．整体一段法的产气周期短,工艺运行简单,应用到工业化生产上,一段法具有明显优势。     

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cheese whey: Coupling H2 and CH4 production

The thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cheese whey was evaluated using a single and two stage configuration (H₂–CH₄) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The single stage process presented stable performance with a specific methane production (SMP) of 314.5 ± 6.6 L CH₄ kg⁻¹ COD_feed (Chemical oxygen demand) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8.3 days. On the contrary, the two stage process presented instabilities at an HRT of 12.5 days with acid accumulation being observed in the methanogenesis phase at an earlier stage. This behaviour was indicative of process inhibition by high concentrations of sodium and potassium ions as a consequence of pH control during the H₂ producing stage. In spite of this phenomenon, this condition attained the highest SMP value (340.4 ± 40 L CH₄ kg⁻¹ COD_feed). The performance of the anaerobic digestion process was also analysed by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy. The two stage process showed higher content in triacylglycerol groups probably associated with changes in archaeal lipid complexes as a microbial response to a higher salinity environment.     

Alkaline pyrolysis of anaerobic digestion residue with selective hydrogen production

Hydrogen (H₂) production from biomass has attracted the research attention as it is renewable and clean. This work investigates the alkaline pyrolysis (AP) of corn stover digestate (CSD) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to promote the production of H₂ and suppress carbon dioxide (CO₂) at moderate conditions. It is observed that the H₂ production is affected by the mass ratio of CSD to NaOH and reaction temperature. The H₂ yield is enhanced from 1:1 to 1:2 ratio of CSD to NaOH (10.9–25.9 mmol g⁻¹) with the purity of 81.21–84.98% at 500 °C, whereas a slight increase in H₂ production at 1:3 ratio of CSD to NaOH is observed which may attribute to the mass transfer matter. The possible mechanism of AP is identified. Through the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was applied which evidences the catalytic ability of NaOH via the reduced activation energies.     

链霉素菌渣中温厌氧发酵产沼气性能研究

为实现链霉素菌渣的无害化、资源化利用,文章以链霉素菌渣为原料,在菌渣含固率为2%,温度为30±2℃的条件下进行60 d的厌氧发酵试验。试验结果表明:链霉素菌渣的累积产气量为18.20 L,中温产气能力为364.07 mL/g;在稳定产气阶段,发酵液的氨氮、VFAs含量均维持在较低水平,pH值大于7.0;厌氧发酵结束后,发酵液的VS去除率达64.32%;以金黄色葡萄球菌作为指示菌,在厌氧发酵后的沼液中未检测到链霉素残留。     

Effect of ammonia concentration on hythane (H2 and CH4) production in two-phase anaerobic digestion

Co-production of hydrogen and methane by two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) may offer a sustainable solution for the centralized treatment of food waste (FW), while ammonia accumulation is potentially encountered. A mesophilic two-phase AD was investigated for hydrogen and methane production from FW at varying ammonia concentrations. The process achieved a hydrogen yield of 47.7 mL/g VS and a methane yield of 335 mL/g VS by optimizing the organic loading rate (OLR) and recirculation ratio. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration of 4044 mg/L corresponded to a threshold in the hydrogen reactor, above which ammonia would initiate inhibition of hydrogenogenesis and acidogenesis. Methane yield was recovered in the methane reactor after acute inhibiting effects of TAN below 5800 mg/L, while TAN above 6200 mg/L caused chronic inhibition of methanogens. Adjusting hydraulic retention time (HRT) and recirculation ratio in hydrogen and methane reactors reduced TAN to 960 and 2105 mg/L respectively, resulting in successful recovery was achieved in the hydrogen reactor but not in the methane reactor. The two-phase AD for methane and hydrogen production can be a promising solution for ammonia accumulation in AD from FW.     

葡萄籽提油前后发酵产沼气潜力研究

在恒温25℃条件下,采取批量发酵工艺,研究了葡萄籽提油前后产沼气潜力。结果表明:葡萄籽TS,VS发酵产沼气的潜力分别为473.65 mL/g和484.55 mL/g,能源转换效率为37.25%;葡萄籽油枯TS,VS发酵产沼气的潜力分别为450.03 mL/g和460.44 mL/g,能源转换效率为36.43%。     

预处理对秸秆废弃物沼气发酵的影响研究

研究了预处理对典型秸秆废弃物沼气发酵的影响。与豆秆和棉秆相比,木质素含量相对较低的玉米秆产气速率和沼气产率更高。碱处理缩短了产气高峰出现的时间,峰值也得到提高,这可能与预处理增加的可溶性组分的快速降解有关。经过几天的低产气期,又出现第二个小产气高峰。组分分析表明,碱处理去除大量木质素,纤维可及度得到提高,这是第二阶段产气得到加强的原因。最终,玉米秆、豆秆和棉秆的最高沼气产率分别达415,343 ml/g TS和298 ml/g TS,比未处理秸秆提高34%,54%和86%。结果表明,预处理豆秆和棉秆产气性能较好,可与玉米秆一样,作为沼气发酵的优良原料。     

Biogas purification from anaerobic digestion in a wastewater treatment plant for biofuel production

The main objective of this investigation consists in the biogas purification coming from the anaerobic digestion of sludges in a wastewater treatment plant, in order to be used later as biofuel for vehicles. This article consists of the optimization of the biogas desulphurization. In our case, this process was achieved in a chemical way. Besides the scrubbing towers, the pilot plant used included filters of activated carbon at the end of the line. The H₂S inflow concentrations were quite high. The effluent biogas from the scrubbing towers presented an H₂S concentration less than 1 ppm and zero or undetectable values were obtained for up to 58 analyzed trace elements.