试述CAD技术在美术工业造型设计中的应用

当今社会计算机应用已经深入了各行各业,计算机在美术工业造型领域的应用给美术工业造型业带来了巨大变化。电子计算机辅助技术（CAD）是当前设计单位的热门话题之一,如何改造传统的设计方法建设现代化的设计,从科技进步中获得经济效益,是一个很值得讨论的问题。CAD技术作为电子信息技术的一个重要组成部分,是促进科研成果的开发和转化,促进传统产业和学科的更新和改造,实现设计自动化,增强企业及其产品在市场上的竞争能力,加速国民经济发展和国防现代化的一项关键性技术。CAD技术基础理论的每次重大进展,无一不带动了CAD/CAM/CAE整体技术的提高以及制造手段的更新。技术发展,永无止境。没有一种技术是常青树,CAD技术一直处于不断的发展与探索之中。正是这种此消彼长的互动与交替,造就了今天CAD技术的兴旺与繁荣,促进了工业的高速发展。今天,越来越多的人认识到CAD是一种巨大的生产力,不断加入到用户行列之中。本文利用电子计算机辅助设计软件完成工业造型零件设计的全过程,通过设计工业造型零件体会CAD在工业造型设计领域的应用以及不足。     

试述CAD技术在美术工业造型设计中的应用

当今社会计算机应用已经深入了各行各业,计算机在美术工业造型领域的应用给美术工业造型业带来了巨大变化.电子计算机辅助技术(CAD)是当前设计单位的热门话题之一,如何改造传统的设计方法建设现代化的设计,从科技进步中获得经济效益,是一个很值得讨论的问题.CAD技术作为电子信息技术的一个重要组成部分,是促进科研成果的开发和转化.促进传统产业和学科的更新和改造,实现设计自动化,增强企业及其产品在市场上的竞争能力,加速国民经济发展和国防现代化的一项关键性技术.CAD技术基础理论的每次重大进展,无一不带动了CAD/CAM/CAE整体技术的提高以及制造手段的更新.技术发展,永无止境.没有一种技术是常青树,CAD技术一直处于不断的发展与探索之中.正是这种此消彼长的互动与交替.造就了今天CAD技术的兴旺与繁荣.促进了工业的高速发展.今天,越来越多的人认识到CAD是一种巨大的生产力,不断加入到用户行列之中.本文利用电子计算机辅助设计软件完成工业造型零件设计的全过程,通过设计工业造型零件体会CAD在工业造型设计领域的应用以及不足.     

从工业界的角度看CAD技术的研究主题与发展方向

回顾了现有CAD系统所采用的主流、成熟技术,包括特征造型技术,基于历史的造型、参数化设计以及组件技术．从工业界的角度分析了当前CAD技术的若干研究主题,包括CAD与互联网、曲面造型、数据交换、从二维到三维、概念设计与早期设计等．并展望了未来的CAD系统,包括未来的计算环境、未来的机械CAD、未来的数据共享以及未来的零件造型技术。     

基于形态组合产品造型概念创新CAID模块设计

一、引言工业创新设计已经成为工业发展的根本所在。这就要求建立一套有效的实现工业创新设计方法。设计活动是产品开发过程中最重要的环节之一。而在设计过程中，产品造型概念设计又是最重要的阶段。目前就新产品的开发而言，与面向生产过程的CAD技术相比较，面向产品造型概念创新设计（如形态设计、方案构思、方案评价、效果表现等等）CAD技术的研究始终没有取得实质性的突破。后者发展缓慢的根本原因之一在于，该技术中涉及到人工智能和人主观判断的设计过程。CAID（Computer Aided Industrial Design，计算机辅助工业设计）技术，…     

温故知新 更上层楼(一)──CAD技术发展历程概览

本文共由三部分组成（一）以近30年的CAD技术发展史为主线，概述了各个阶段CAD技术的重大进展以及技术特点；（二）介绍当前主流的CAD基础技术理论，并对不同流派的造型技术进行简析及比较；（三）就用户共同关注的CAD／CAE／CAM系统建设问题，介绍汽车工业近年来的选型取向。     

温故知新 更上层楼(三)─—近年来汽车工业CAD/CAE/CAM系统选型趋向

本文共由三部分组成。（一）以近30年的CAD技术发展史为主线，概述了各个阶段CAD技术的重大进展以及技术特点。（二）介绍当前主流的CAD基础技术理论，并对不同流派的造型技术进行简析及比较。（三）就用户共同关注的CAD／CAE／CAM系统建设问题，介绍汽车工业近年来的选型趋向。     

CAD技术在工业设计中的应用

主要从产品造型、视觉传达和环境设计三方面讨论了计算机辅助设计(CAD)在工业设计中的广泛应用和巨大潜能,并指出目前的工业设计CAD软件系统在工业设计发展中所起的促进作用,最后论述了工业设计CAD的优点和发展趋势。     

CAD技术在工业设计中的应用

主要从产品造型、视觉传达和环境设计三方面讨论了计算机辅助设计(CAD)在工业设计中的广泛应用和巨大潜能,并指出目前的工业设计CAD软件系统在工业设计发展中所起的促进作用,最后论述了工业设计CAD的优点和发展趋势.     

北航——基于CAD/CAE的工业机器人设计开发平台

北京航空航天大学以高速、高精、重载等高性能工业机器人发展需求为牵引,基于三维CAD建模以及运动学、动力学CAE仿真分析算法等核心工具,搭建CAD／CAE集成的标准体系架构,攻克工业机器人建模和仿真、工业机器人系统轻量化结构拓扑优化、运动学及动力学与精度设计、高性能几何造型内核、模型库与数据库、知识驱动的设计导航等核心技术,构建基于运动学、动力学和有限元仿真的、与CAD／CAE技术相融合的工业机器人设计开发平台。在此基础上,探讨该平台的市场化开发商业模式．     

基于集成化软件的框架零件CAD设计

本文采用CAD技术理论和先进集成化软件UGII应用相结合的方法,完成了对系统框架零件的三维实体造型和计算机辅助数控工艺设计.从理论依据和方法上,对基于特征的参数化实体造型系统,确定用基本体素特征和草图以及成形特征和特征操作,完成零件的CAD三维实体造型,并使用软件CAE模块进行初步的分析.     

浅谈我国工业设计高等教育之模型制作课程的与时俱进

我国高等教育工业设计专业的模型制作课程,教学内容滞后是一个普遍的现象,快速成型这一高效的模型制作方法应该作为高等教育工业设计专业模型制作课程的核心内容。教育与时俱进不但能使高等教育的社会价值得以突显,而且对于制造业、工商业的发展都有一定的推动作用。但是真正能使这门课程达到预期的作用,还得依靠一系列的相关机构的通力协作。对于如何将把相关机构组成一个系统,在这里阐述了一个概念性的构想,并从理论上分析了它的可行性的。     

Multiple-objective genetic optimization of the spatial design for packing and distribution carton boxes

Packing and cutting problems, which dealt with filling up a space of known dimension with small pieces, have been an attractive research topic to both industry and academia. Comparatively, the number of reported studies is smaller for container spatial design, i.e., defining the optimal container dimension for packing small pieces of goods with known sizes so that the container space utilization is maximized. This paper aims at searching an optimal set of carton boxes for a towel manufacturer so as to lower the overall future distribution costs by improving the carton space utilization and reducing the number of carton types required. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used to search the optimal design of carton boxes for a one-week sales forecast and a 53-week sales forecast. Clustering techniques are then used to study the order pattern of towel products in order to validate the genetically generated results. The results demonstrate that MOGA effectively search the best carton box spatial design to reduce unfilled space as well as the number of required carton types. It is important to note that the proposed methodology for optimal container design is not limited to the apparel industry but practically attractive and applicable to every industry which aims for distribution costs reduction.     

从横向造型特征统一性看奥迪品牌发展

汽车行业的发展已从传统的技术型驱动转变为品牌文化与技术型双重驱动。一方面．用户希望从产品背后得到更多的东西;另一方面,汽车厂商希望通过“提炼信息然后不断强化”的造型手法增强用户粘性,汽车造型设计中的横向造型特征统一性作为构建汽车品牌文化的载体和手段已发展为汽车企业的核心竞争力。文童将奥迪汽车的横向造型特征统一性分为车身侧面、车身前脸、车身尾部三个部分进行分析,探讨汽车的横向造型特征统一性与汽车品牌发展的关系。     

A recursive model for static empty container allocation

Backlogged empty containers have gradually turned into a serious burden to shipping networks. Empty container allocation has become an urgent settlement issue for the container shipping industry on a global scale. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved immune algorithm based recursive model for optimizing static empty container allocation which integrates with the global maritime container shipping network. This model minimizes the operating and capital costs during container shipping considering 0–1 mixed-integer programming. So an immune algorithm procedure based on a special twodimensional chromosome encoding is proposed. Finally, computational experiments are performed to optimize a 10-port static empty container shipping system. The results indicate that the proposed recursive model for static empty container allocation is effective in making an optimal strategy for empty container allocation.     

BIM extension for the sustainability appraisal of conceptual steel design

Contemporary advancements in Information Technology and the efforts from various research initiatives in the AEC industry are showing evidence of progress with the emergence of building information modelling (BIM). BIM presents the opportunity of electronically modelling and managing the vast amount of information embedded in a building project, from its conception to end-of-life. Researchers have been looking at extensions to expand its scope. Sustainability is one such modelling extension that is in need of development. This is becoming pertinent for the structural engineer as recent design criteria have put great emphasis on the sustainability credentials in addition to the traditional criteria of structural integrity, constructability and cost. With the complexity of designs, there are now needs to provide decision support tools to aid in the assessment of the sustainability credentials of design solutions. Such tools would be most beneficial at the conceptual design stage so that sustainability is built into the design solution starting from its inception. The sustainability of buildings is related to life cycle and is measured using indicator-terms such as life cycle costing, ecological footprint and carbon footprint. This paper proposes a modelling framework combining these three indicators in providing sustainability assessments of alternative design solutions based on the economic and environmental sustainability pillars. It employs the principles of feature-based modelling to extract construction-specific information from product models for the purposes of sustainability analysis. A prototype system is implemented using .NET and linked to the BIM enabled software, Revit Structures™. The system appraises alternative design solutions using multi-criteria performance analysis. This work demonstrates that current process and data modelling techniques can be employed to model sustainability related information to inform decisions right from the early stages of structural design. It concludes that the utilized information modelling representations – in the form of a process model, implementation algorithms and object-based instantiations – can capture sustainability related information to inform decisions at the early stages of the structural design process.     

An iterated construction approach with dynamic prioritization for solving the container loading problems

This paper addresses the single and multiple container loading problems, which forms the core engine of a warehouse management system we are contracted to implement for a Hong Kong logistics company. We propose to use dynamic prioritization to handle the awkward box types, whereas the box type with a higher priority is packed onto lower surfaces of the container for the single container case, or packed in earlier containers for the multiple container case. The solution found in one iteration of the algorithm is analyzed, and the priorities are updated and used in the next iteration. This approach provides very competitive results using standard benchmark data sets as compared with other methods. It helps to reduce the difficulty in system implementation and maintenance, because the algorithm is easy to understand for practitioners in the local industry, and it is applicable for both the single and multiple container loading problems at the same time. In addition, we find the existing test data for the multiple container loading problem to be deficient and supplement them by generating new test data consisting of 2800 test cases. Last but not least, our algorithm has been packaged into a software component with full graphical user interface and integrated into a warehouse management system for daily operations.     

ActiveX控件容器在可视化编程系统中的实现

ActiveX控件容器能使可视化编程系统的扩展性得到增强.本文详细论讨了在编程系统中构建ActiveX控件容器的设计思路及其具体实现方法,该技术明显提高了"VXI总线测试软件平台"的通用性.     

Performance modelling of a network processor using POOSL

The increasing complexity of innovative real-time hardware/software systems forced industry to consider system-level design methods. Before actually implementing a system with hardware and software components, system-level design methods enable analysing the performance of different design alternatives that realise the required functionality. In order to develop performance models early in the design process, the parallel object-oriented specification language (POOSL) can be used. POOSL is an expressive modelling language for analysing complex real-time distributed hardware/software systems. Being equipped with a formal semantics, POOSL ensures unambiguous execution of models and proper application of performance analysis techniques. This paper discusses the use of POOSL for analysing the performance of a network processor. A network processor consists of components that perform their behaviour in a synchronously concurrent way, whereas POOSL is based on an asynchronous modelling paradigm. In this paper, we illustrate that constructing abstract models of synchronous systems for the purpose of performance analysis may benefit from an asynchronous modelling approach.     

分布式空间数据注册容器的设计与实现

分布式空间数据注册容器是国家地质空间信息网格(NGSIG)平台内一种重要的数据发现机制。该文介绍注册容器的重要特征及体系结构,描述其2个重要组成部分,即结点容器和应用门户容器。在NGSIG平台上实现空间数据注册容器,在空间数据整合中的应用表明,该容器运行效果良好。     

一种基于超声测距技术的超声液位仪设计

为了在工业生产中可以快速、精确地对密闭容器中的液体进行液位检测,设计了一种基于超声测距技术的超声液位仪,针对密闭条件下的液体液位进行精确检测。系统采用数字信号处理(DSP)控制电路,搭建了低噪声、大动态范围的检测电路,完成了适用密闭容器中液体液位的超声传感器选型。实验用超声探头频率为3.0MHz,密闭容器的壁厚为4mm,液位每变化10cm测量一次,用100cm范围内检测数据与标准液位变化值作对比。实验结果显示:同一液位上多次检测求平均值得到的检测数据与标准值的相对误差小于0.5%,所以,本系统满足在0.2~1m范围内,密闭容器中液位测量精度高于1mm的设计要求。