边角检测技术在光伏玻璃深加工中的应用

本文阐述了边角检测设备系统结构及工作原理,介绍了光伏玻璃深加工中的几种边角检测技术方案,并结合实际应用经验提出一些待改进的问题和未来技术发展方向。     

食品中亚硝酸盐测定方法的研究进展

综述了检测食品中亚硝酸盐方法的研究进展,同时分析比较各方法的优劣及应用前景,对检测食品中亚硝酸盐具有参考意义,检测时可根据不同场合选择适合的方法。     

镓的检测分析方法及研究进展

综述了用于镓检测的前处理手段、常用分析方法,及近几年国内外的研究进展,并对常用方法的优缺点进行了评述。     

非特殊彩妆类化妆品的微生物检测方法的评价

对非特殊彩妆类化妆品的微生物检测方法进行评价。参考《中国药典》（2010年版）微生物限度的方法,以金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠埃希菌为试验菌株进行回收试验,同时增加阳性对照组考察控制菌的检验方法。除彩妆A的金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌外,其他所有试验菌株的回收率均大于70%,而且当采用培养基稀释法（1∶100的供试液,1 mL）时,彩妆A的金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌的回收率均大于70%;大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌的阳性生长率为100%,金黄色葡萄球菌阳性生长率为86%。目前的检测方法基本适合非特殊彩妆类化妆品的微生物检测。     

金属矿中钨钼铋检测方法研究综述

我国多金属矿中钨钼铋能否高效率的开发利用,提高其检测水平是至关重要的一部分。对金属矿中钨、钼及铋的检测方法进行了综述,为其检测提供有效参考。     

A novel dynamic bayesian network‐based networked process monitoring approach for fault detection,propagation identification,and root cause diagnosis

A novel networked process monitoring, fault propagation identification, and root cause diagnosis approach is developed in this study. First, process network structure is determined from prior process knowledge and analysis. The network model parameters including the conditional probability density functions of different nodes are then estimated from process operating data to characterize the causal relationships among the monitored variables. Subsequently, the Bayesian inference‐based abnormality likelihood index is proposed to detect abnormal events in chemical processes. After the process fault is detected, the novel dynamic Bayesian probability and contribution indices are further developed from the transitional probabilities of monitored variables to identify the major faulty effect variables with significant upsets. With the dynamic Bayesian contribution index, the statistical inference rules are, thus, designed to search for the fault propagation pathways from the downstream backwards to the upstream process. In this way, the ending nodes in the identified propagation pathways can be captured as the root cause variables of process faults. Meanwhile, the identified fault propagation sequence provides an in‐depth understanding as to the interactive effects of faults throughout the processes. The proposed approach is demonstrated using the illustrative continuous stirred tank reactor system and the Tennessee Eastman chemical process with the fault propagation identification results compared against those of the transfer entropy‐based monitoring method. The results show that the novel networked process monitoring and diagnosis approach can accurately detect abnormal events, identify the fault propagation pathways, and diagnose the root cause variables. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2348–2365, 2013     

Expectation Maximization method for multivariate change point detection in presence of unknown and changing covariance

Data analysis plays an important role in system modeling, monitoring and optimization. Among those data analysis techniques, change point detection has been widely applied in various areas including chemical process, climate monitoring, examination of gene expressions and quality control in the manufacturing industry, etc. In this paper, an Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed to detect the time instants at which data properties are subject to change. The problem is solved in the presence of unknown and changing mean and covariance in process data. Performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through simulated and experimental study. The results demonstrate satisfactory detection of single and multiple changes using EM approach.     

Comparison of various modeling methods for analysis of powder compaction in roller press

Recently used models relating basic properties of the feed material, roller press design and its operating parameters are reviewed. In particular, we discuss the rolling theory for granular solids proposed by J.R. Johanson in the 1960s, later trials utilizing slab method and newly developed final element models. These methods are compared in terms of efficiency and accuracy of predicting the course of basic process variables like nip angle, pressure distribution in roll nip region, neutral angle, roll torque and roll force.

The finite element method offers the most versatile approach because it incorporates adequate information about powder behavior, geometry and frictional conditions. This enables to perform realistic computer experiments minimizing costs, time and resources needed for process and equipment optimization.     

活性污泥活性的表征及其检测方法研究

活性污泥法以其净化效果好、管理方便等优势在污水处理中得以广泛应用。为了能及时发现异常状况、维持正常的处理效率、调控污水处理工艺的高效运行,需要探索快速、简单、可靠、经济的表征活性污泥活性的指标。对其常用检测指标的研究情况进行综述,重点阐述了4个可有效表征污泥活性的指标(比耗氧速率、脱氢酶活性、比电子传递体系活性、比三磷酸腺苷)的原理、特点、应用、检测方法及其优缺点,并进行比较,以期为活性污泥污水处理厂的有效管理提供参考。     

化妆品中重金属快速检测方法现状及探讨

介绍了化妆品中重金属的来源、危害,比较了目前各国化妆品中重金属的限量要求,并综述了化妆品中重金属的一些常规检测方法和快速检测方法,列举了化妆品外其他样品中重金属的快速检测方法,为建立化妆品快速检测提供参考。     

含氧酸根检测方法的研究现状及质谱法在钨钼分离中的应用前景

溶剂萃取法具有操作简单、回收率高、产品纯度高等优点，被广泛应用于钨钼分离。分离过程中钨钼离子形态会影响与萃取剂的结合方式及萃取历程，因而研究钨钼的离子形态变化有助于深入了解钨钼分离机理，进而指导工业生产。在水溶液中，钨钼的离子形态以钨钼含氧酸根形式存在，研究钨钼离子形态的本质即研究不同钨钼含氧酸根形式对萃取分离过程的影响。本工作综述了水溶液中含氧酸根离子形态的仪器分析方法，发现ESI-MS(电喷雾质谱法)在监测萃取过程中钨钼离子形态转化路径中具有潜在应用，并对ESI-MS在湿法冶金领域中监测钨钼离子形态及其转化规律的应用进行了展望，旨在为今后深入了解钨钼分离机理、定向调控钨钼分离过程及工业生产提供理论指导。     

蒽醌生产方法及其催化剂研究进展

论述了国内外制备蒽醌的方法及其催化剂,并简单介绍了国内蒽醌生产方法的应用。通过比较,认为蒽气相氧化法具有原料充足、环境友好、操作简便等优点,符合目前环境对蒽醌生产行业的要求,是较为理想的蒽醌生产方法。催化剂是以Al2O3为载体的V2O5为主体的复合催化剂。国内近年大量上马一批蒽气相氧化项目,但多引进国外技术,研究和开发国产催化剂和设备已成为蒽醌生产行业的迫切任务。     

过程系统变负荷下的数据校正与参数估计方法

过程系统的数据校正与参数估计是进行实时操作优化与过程控制的基础。过程系统变负荷下由于模型参数变化的非线性及显著误差的影响,导致数据校正与参数估计的结果不准确,从而影响实时操作优化与过程控制的效率。针对此问题,本文提出了一种用于变负荷下的数据校正与参数估计方法。此方法主要包括过程的稳态检测与数据采样,多工况下的数据聚类和基于多组测量的数据校正与参数估计。首先选择有效和可靠的过程测量数据,根据变负荷下工况的波动性与系统的非线性特征进行数据聚类,最后基于聚类结果调整模型参数使得模型输出与过程测量数据偏差最小。此方法可有效地减小模型参数变化的非线性及显著误差对数据校正与参数估计结果的影响。基于现场的测量数据,将此方法应用于空气分离流程系统中,结果显示了基于此方法的数据校正与参数估计结果更准确。     

A support vector clustering‐based probabilistic method for unsupervised fault detection and classification of complex chemical processes using unlabeled data

A new support vector clustering (SVC)‐based probabilistic approach is developed for unsupervised chemical process monitoring and fault classification in this article. The spherical centers and radii of different clusters corresponding to normal and various kinds of faulty operations are estimated in the kernel feature space. Then the geometric distance of the monitored samples to different cluster centers and boundary support vectors are computed so that the distance–ratio–based probabilistic‐like index can be further defined. Thus, the most probable clusters can be assigned to the monitored samples for fault detection and classification. The proposed SVC monitoring approach is applied to two test scenarios in the Tennessee Eastman Chemical process and its results are compared to those of the conventional K‐nearest neighbor Fisher discriminant analysis (KNN‐FDA) and K‐nearest neighbor support vector machine (KNN‐SVM) methods. The result comparison demonstrates the superiority of the SVC‐based probabilistic approach over the traditional KNN‐FDA and KNN‐SVM methods in terms of fault detection and classification accuracies. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 407–419, 2013     

Comparison of combustion and Kjeldahl methods for determination of nitrogen in oilseeds

The recent development of combustion-type nitrogen analyzers capable of handling relatively large samples with semi automatic operation offers a potential replacement for the Kjeldahl method for direct determination of nitrogen. Nitrogen analyses for canola seed, flaxseed, sunflower seed, mustard seed and soybeans on a LECO (St. Joseph, MI) FP-428 Nitrogen Analyzer were evaluated against results from the Grain Research Laboratory's (GRL) Kjeldahl system. The nitrogen analyzer gave significantly higher values than the Kjeldahl method, resulting in a correction of low values in the GRL Kjeldahl, caused by the inability to use mercury as catalyst. The standard error for results from the analyzer was comparable to that for the Kjeldahl method. The nitrogen analyzer also was faster than the Kjeldahl method and had less environmental impact. The combustion method has replaced the Kjeldahl method for routine nitrogen determinations in oilseed surveys conducted by the GRL. Presented at the 84th AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, April 27, 1993, Anaheim, California.     

Advances in Strategies and Tools Available for Interrogation of Protein O-GlcNAcylation

The attachment of a single O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues of numerous proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) and plays an important role as a regulator of various cellular processes in both healthy and disease states. Advances in strategies and tools that allow for the detection of dynamic O-GlcNAcylation on cellular proteins have helped to enhance our initial and ongoing understanding of its dynamic effects on cellular stimuli and given insights into its link to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. Furthermore, chemical genetic strategies and related tools have been successfully applied to a myriad of biological systems with a new level of spatiotemporal and molecular precision. These strategies have started to be used in studying and controlling O-GlcNAcylation both in vivo and in vitro. In this minireview, overviews of recent advances in molecular tools being applied to the detection and identification of O-GlcNAcylation on cellular proteins as well as on individual proteins are provided. In addition, chemical genetic strategies that have already been applied or are potentially usable in O-GlcNAc functional are also discussed.     

洗涤剂和化妆品中烷基酚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的检测进展

概述了壬基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的性质、应用情况和安全性评价;简单介绍了国内外与洗涤用品中烷基酚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚相关的法规和标准;综述了一些标准和论文中关于洗涤剂和化妆品中壬基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的检测方法,并对一些检测方法所采用的技术和注意事项进行了重点说明。     

Application of PEDOT layers for the electrogravimetric detection of sulphate and phosphate in aqueous media

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, films were electrochemically prepared from aqueous solutions containing different supporting electrolytes (ClO₄⁻, SO₄²⁻ and H₂PO₄⁻). Characterization of the resulting films was carried out using cyclic voltammetry and potential step experiments combined with the dissipative quartz crystal microbalance technique. The ion incorporation caused an increase of the film mass and below 10⁻² M depended on the concentration of the solutions. Potential step experiments showed that the pH of the solutions also has an influence on the mass change of the films, which can only be partially attributed to the pH dependence of the charge of the anions. In principle, the ratio of the mass and the passed electric charge (apparent molar mass) during the redox switching of the polymer can be used to identify the ionic species.     

A comparison of local phosphorescence detection and fluid dynamic gauging methods for studying the removal of cohesive fouling layers: Effect of layer roughness

The performance of industrial cleaning in place (CIP) procedures is critically important for food manufacture. CIP has yet to be optimised for many processes, in part since the mechanisms involved in cleaning are not fully understood. Laboratory tests have an important role in guiding industrial trials, and this paper introduces and compares two experimental techniques developed for studying CIP mechanisms: local phosphorescence detection (LPD), and scanning fluid dynamic gauging (sFDG).To illustrate the comparison, each technique is used to investigate the influence of soil topology on the cleaning of pre-gelatinised starch-based layers from stainless steel (SS 316) substrates by aqueous NaOH solutions at ambient temperature. The roughness of the soil surface is varied by incorporating zinc sulphide particles with different particle size distributions (range 1–80 μm) into the starch suspensions. The soil roughness increased with the use of larger particles, increasing the 3D arithmetic mean roughness (S_a) of the dry layers (range 0.37–3.33 μm). Rough layers were cleaned more readily than those containing small inclusions, with a good correlation between the cleaning rates observed during LPD and FDG measurements. The LPD technique, which is an instrumented CIP test, gives a better indication of the cleaning time, while sFDG measurements provide further insight into the removal mechanisms.