The Nitrogen Solubility in Molten Stainless Steel

Nitrogen solubility in the austenitic stainless steel melts was measured in the laboratory by bubbling nitrogen gas under different partial pressures of nitrogen and temperatures. A new thermodynamic model for the calculation of nitrogen solubility in molten stainless steel in a wide range of alloy concentrations, temperatures, and pressures has been successfully established by introducing a new term for the effect of pressure on the nitrogen activity coefficient. The calculation results were in good agreement with the measured values. The influences of temperature, nitrogen partial pressure and chemical composition on the nitrogen solubility in molten stainless steel are discussed based on the calculated results. It is possible to produce high nitrogen steels at normal pressure by optimizing the design of the alloy composition and controlling the lowest melting temperature from a thermodynamic point of view.     

VOD炉冶炼20Cr13不锈钢硅脱氧工艺

 以实际工艺流程30 t EAF-VOD-LF-模铸冶炼20Cr13不锈钢为背景,通过热力学计算,对VOD精炼硅脱氧处理后,重新造渣过程中炉渣碱度、合金含量以及钢液温度对钢液中平衡氧含量的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明：钢液中的氧含量随炉渣碱度的增加呈现明显的减小趋势,实际生产中炉渣碱度一般应确保在2以上;为了保证添加合金进行脱氧的冶炼效果,应保证钢液中的硅的质量分数在0.3%以上;降低冶炼温度有利于降低钢液平衡氧含量;炉渣碱度对平衡溶解氧含量和实际生产全氧含量的影响规律基本相同,拟合出平衡溶解氧含量与实际全氧含量之间存在线性关系。     

不锈钢控氮理论计算与实践

采用不同的氮在钢中的溶解度公式,计算了两种含氮不锈钢冶炼时所需要的氮气压力,并在50kg真空感应炉上,通过改变氮气压力,对两种不锈钢进行了氮含量控制实践。结果表明,采用Fujio测定值的理论计算值与试验实测值吻合度较高,同时给出了钢中氮含量的理论计算公式。     

超级高氮奥氏体不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能及氮的影响

用电化学测试、化学浸泡等方法研究了超级奥氏体不锈钢00Cr24Ni22Mo7Mn3CuN(654SMO)的耐点腐蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀的性能。通过改变氮含量,研究了氮对奥氏体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀性能的影响,结果表明,氮和适量的铬、钼结合,能显提高奥氏体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀和缝隙腐蚀的能力,并且随着氮含量的增国,砥体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀的能力也增强,对比实验表明,超级奥氏体不锈钢在耐点腐蚀,缝隙腐蚀等局部腐蚀性能方面可以和镍基合金C－276媲美,甚至优于镍基合金。     

气体增氮法冶炼钒氮微合金钢

从理论上分析了钢液增氮的热力学、动力学影响因素,进行了BOF＋RH双联吹氮冶炼钒氮钢试验。结果表明,转炉底吹、RH喷吹均能有效增加钢液氮含量。RH真空度两段式控制既能满足控氢要求又能实现钢液搬出时较高的氮含量。BOF＋RH双联吹氮气工艺可以不加含氮合金冶炼钒氮微合金钢。     

利用氮化铬铁合金生产高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢的研究

为在常压下能够生产出高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢,选用了氮化铬铁合金作氮源,通过破碎、熔化微碳纯铁、加入锰合金及氮化铬铁合金颗粒,控制浇注时间和温度,以保证钢中有足够高的氮含量,测试结果表明,熔炼钢经固溶处理,可获得稳定的高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢。     

Production of Nitrogen-Bearing Stainless Steel by Injecting Nitrogen Gas

 To replace nickel-based stainless steel, a nitrogen-bearing stainless steel was produced to lower the production cost stemming from the shortage of nickel recourses. Thermodynamic model to calculate the saturated nitrogen content in the stainless steel was developed and the model was validated by experimental measurements performed with a high temperature induction furnace. Nitrogen gas under constant pressure was injected into the molten steel with a top lance. Thus, the nitrogen was transferred to the molten stainless steel. The effects of chemical composition, temperature, superficial active elements and nitrogen flow rate on the transfer of nitrogen to the steel were investigated and discussed. The results showed that the dissolution rate of nitrogen in the molten steel increases with a higher temperature and larger nitrogen flow rate but decreases significantly with an increase in the content of surface-active elements. Alloying elements such as chromium and manganese having a negative interaction coefficient can increase the dissolution of nitrogen in the molten steel. It was also proposed that the primary factor affecting the final saturated nitrogen content is temperature rather than the dissolved oxygen content.     

Estimation of the Temperature-Dependent Nitrogen Solubility in Stainless Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni-Si-C Steel Melts During Processing

The influence of chemical composition, temperature, and pressure on the nitrogen solubility of various high alloy stainless steel grades, namely Fe-14Cr-(0.17-7.77)Mn-6Ni-0.5Si-0.03C [wt pct], Fe-15Cr-3Mn-4Ni-0.5Si-0.1C [wt pct], and Fe-19Cr-3Mn-4Ni-0.5Si-0.15C [wt pct], was studied in the melt. The temperature-dependent N-solubility was determined using an empirical approach proposed by Wada and Pehlke. The thus calculated N-concentrations overestimate the actual N-solubility of all the studied Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni-Si-C steel melts at a given temperature and pressure. Consequently, the calculation model has to be modified by Si and C because both elements are not recognized in the original equation. The addition of the 1st and 2nd order interaction parameters for Si and C to the model by Wada and Pehlke allows a precise estimation of the temperature-dependent nitrogen solubility in the liquid steel bath, and fits very well with the measured nitrogen concentrations during processing of the steels. Moreover, the N-solubility enhancing effect of Cr- and Mn-additions has been demonstrated.     

不锈钢冶炼及凝固过程氮的控制

总结了氮在不锈钢中有害和有利正反两方面的作用。通过热力学计算和实测数据分析了温度和氮分压对不锈钢熔体中氮溶解度的影响,理论分析了不锈钢熔体吸氮和脱氮的动力学,指出了真空和高压分别是生产超低氮和高氮钢的主要方法。结合以往的研究成果和生产实践提出了生产超低氮铁素体不锈钢和高氮不锈钢的具体工艺技术措施。     

真空感应炉冶炼含氮不锈钢的合金增氮工艺

试验研究了200 kg真空感应炉冶炼含氮不锈钢Cr13(0.04%～0.06%N)、Cr23Ni19(0.22%～0.28% N)和Cr22Ni9(0.15%～0.19%N)时,在(0.1～0.6)×10⁵Pa氩气或氮气下加氮化铬(56.2%Cr、7.33%N)增氮工艺。结果表明,在氮气保护下加氮化合金,氮回收率为80%以上;在氩气保护下加氮化合金,氮回收率仅为10%。提高炉内氮气压力,控制合适的加入温度,加入小粒度氮化铬,氮的回收率可达100%。