拱坝坝肩岩体稳定地质力学模型试验

保证坝肩岩体稳定是拱坝设计和建设中的重要问题。由于岩体通常是非均匀、非弹性的不连续体,故其三维稳定性分析十分复杂。利用能反映地质构造特点的地质力学模型试验研究拱坝坝肩岩体稳定是一种较新的有效方法。本文论述了拱坝坝肩稳定的类型及性质、地质力学模型试验的原理和方法以及试验技术问题。文中并介绍了为国内一座大型重力拱坝进行的坝肩稳定三维小块体地质力学模型试验研究成果,分析了该坝左坝肩在水压超载条件下的破坏机理,指出它与通常采用的刚体极限平衡理论分析结果差异较大。     

基于工程地质三维精细模型的高拱坝 坝肩处理可视化分析

 拱坝坝肩岩体的稳定与否直接关系着拱坝的安全。我国西南锦屏一级拱坝坝肩工程地质条件极为复杂,对其处理措施中设置了密集的7层洞室。采用VisualGeo工程地质三维建模系统,建立该工程整体岩级分类三维地质模型,并建立抗力岩体加固处理洞室群模型。在此基础上进行坝肩边坡模拟开挖分析及抗力岩体加固处理洞室群模拟开挖分析,得到加固处理洞室群围岩岩级分类三维地质模型。同时,进行坝肩洞室群所在的7个高程的平切分析和各洞室开挖各类岩体的体积分析,为高拱坝坝肩岩体处理设计与施工提供了直观、精确的可视化分析平台。     

拱坝坝肩稳定性的地质力学模拟研究

为了论证和评价澜沧江小湾水电站拱坝坝肩岩体的稳定性，特别是软弱面(带)对坝肩稳定性的影响，采用相似材料三维嵌合块体地质力学模型试验，对坝肩岩体在开挖、工程荷载和超载条件下的变形破坏特征以及破坏机制进行研究，并评价坝肩岩体的稳定安全度和超载能力。     

复杂地质条件下拱坝坝肩稳定分析及密集节理影响研究

针对小湾拱坝左、右岸坝肩抗力体内存在的地质缺陷,采用超载方法,对小湾拱坝1 210 m高程进行坝肩稳定平面地质力学模型试验.试验重点模拟主要断层、蚀变带、软岩带以及坝肩SN,EW向2组主要节理;得出坝体位移、应变,坝肩位移、破坏过程、破坏形态和超载安全系数,对坝肩稳定性进行评价.由于地质力学模型缩尺后无法模拟坝肩岩体中的密集节理,为了探讨密集节理对坝肩稳定的影响,采用非线性有限元对考虑和不考虑密集节理2种情况进行计算分析,通过对比计算结果得出,密集节理对坝体、坝肩位移的影响为-8%～10%、对超载安全系数的影响约为-9%,说明密集节理对小湾拱坝1 210 m高程坝肩稳定的影响程度不大,试验成果是可靠的.     

高拱坝坝肩岩体变形稳定性的三维数值模拟

以金沙江上游拟建某水电站高拱坝坝肩为研究对象,应用有限差分程序FLAC-3D对坝肩岩体在天然和荷载后的应力、变形和破坏的发展特征模拟分析,重点分析了坝肩岩体在正常工程荷载下的变形稳定性及坝肩超载特性,得到了坝肩岩体的变形破坏特征及超载安全系数。     

对《拱坝坝肩稳定的地质力学整体模型试验研究》一文的讨论

<正> 原文论述了某拱坝天然基础时三维小块体地质力学模型的试验研究成果。文中介绍了有关的相似准则、模型材料和试验方法,并分析了坝体及其两坝肩的承载能力和破坏机理。该坝最大坝高177m,模型比例为1:200,而且坝肩地质构造比较复杂,到目前为止,这是国内已完成的规模最大的拱坝地质力学模型试验。这项试验工作在发展大型地质力学模型试验技术方面作出了贡献。 这项试验工作还为该工程提供了研究成果。指出左岸山体单薄,左岸山体的变位大于右岸,并指出左岸F_(73)、F_(71)断层出现较大压缩变形;且左岸上游G_4伟晶岩劈理带出现向山体内延伸较深的张性裂缝;并建议采取有效的补强措施加固坝肩。笔者曾对该拱坝的两个高程,即560m和540m高程进行过七个平面模型试验,亦曾得出相似的结论。     

从观2孔地下水30年全程追综看石门拱坝右肩岩体渗透性态

根据对坝肩观测孔地下水位长期变化的全程追综,研究了一个实际发生在拱坝坝肩上的特殊渗漏问题,即隧洞对石门拱坝右坝肩渗透性能的恶化有重大影响、从该坝曾经发生过的岩体渗透破坏,笔者提出了对拱坝设计的某些想法和意见。     

雅砻江孟底沟水电站拱坝拱座抗滑稳定研究

保证拱坝的拱座稳定是拱坝设计和建设的重要问题。孟底沟拱坝两岸抗力体内以断层及蚀变带为代表的各种结构面相对发育且类型复杂,这些结构面相互组合形成的可能滑移块体的稳定问题对孟底沟拱坝方案的成立构成了较大的威胁。本文以传统的刚体极限平衡法及新兴的刚体弹簧元法为主要数值分析方法,结合拱坝——基础整体地质力学模型试验,对孟底沟拱坝坝肩抗滑稳定进行了全面深入的计算分析与论证。通过综合数值分析和模型试验的结果对拱坝的拱座稳定性做出了综合评判,识别了坝肩岩体相对薄弱的部位,并对增强拱坝坝肩稳定的工程措施提出了合理建议。     

用有限元和刚体极限平衡方法分析坝肩抗震稳定

叙述了高拱坝坝肩抗震稳定分析的重要性、复杂性,简单介绍了用于坝肩稳定分析的离散元、不连续变形分析、数值流形和界面元方法在坝肩抗震稳定分析中的应用,着重介绍了刚休极限平衡和三维有限元方法。指出高拱坝坝肩稳定分析应考虑肩岩体的动力放大和坝－地基－库水的动力相互作用,算例表明所提方法的实用价值。     

从观2孔地下水30年全程追综看石门拱坝石肩岩体渗透性态

根据对坝肩观测孔地下水位长期变化的全程追综，研究了一个实际发生在拱坝坝肩上的特殊渗漏问题，即隧洞对石门拱坝石坝肩渗透性能的恶化有重大影响。从该坝曾经发生迂的岩体渗透破坏，笔者提出了对拱坝设计的某些想法和意见。     

复杂地基上二滩双曲拱坝整体稳定分析

本文运用三维非线性有限元及地质力学模型技术分析了拱坝坝肩整体稳定性;建立了一种断裂—损伤模型并将其装入三维非线性有限元程序TFINE中,用以分析拱坝坝肩整体稳定性;采用该程序分析了二滩拱坝的稳定性,并做了地质力学模型试验以验证计算结论。     

木里河立洲拱坝整体稳定地质力学模型试验研究

采用三维地质力学模型超载法试验,对立洲拱坝的整体稳定性进行研究,在模型中充分反映断层、层间剪切带、裂隙密集带及长大裂隙等复杂地质构造对拱坝与地基整体稳定性的影响。通过超载法破坏试验获得坝体、坝肩、坝基岩体及结构面的变形特征、破坏失稳过程、破坏形态和破坏机制,揭示影响稳定的控制性因素和工程薄弱部位,确定拱坝与地基在各阶段的超载安全系数为：起裂超载安全系数K1 = 1.4～2.2,非线性变形超载安全系数K2 = 3.4～4.3,极限超载安全系数K3 = 6.3～6.6。通过对比分析类似拱坝工程的超载法试验结果可知,立洲拱坝的超载安全系数在统计分布范围之内,但两坝肩中上部的岩体和结构面局部破坏较严重,需对这些薄弱部位进行重点加固处理,以进一步提高坝与地基的整体稳定安全性。     

叶巴滩水电站拱坝坝肩深部卸荷带影响研究

针对叶巴滩拱坝左右坝肩内存在的深部卸荷带等不良地质缺陷,采用地质力学模型试验超载法,对叶巴滩2 750 m高程拱坝和坝肩的工作性态开展平面地质力学模型试验研究。通过试验获得拱坝、坝肩及深部卸荷带的变形特性和破坏形态,探明了深部卸荷带对拱坝和坝肩的工作性态的影响,揭示了工程的薄弱部位。研究表明深部卸荷带对拱坝和坝肩的工作性态有明显影响,其影响程度与强松弛IV_s类岩体所处位置及与拱端附近断层的组合作用有关。位于左坝肩强松弛IV_s类岩体对拱坝和坝肩的变位、拱推力的传递影响较大,位于右坝肩的断层f29(f74)对坝肩稳定有明显影响。对左右坝肩内的这些薄弱部位需采取相应的加固措施,以改善拱坝和坝肩的工作性态。     

基于地质力学模型试验的大岗山拱坝整体稳定性分析

 地质力学模型试验是研究拱坝整体稳定性的有效方法,采用250∶1的模型比例尺对有基础处理的大岗山拱坝进行三维地质力学模型试验。通过小块体砌筑技术模拟裂隙岩体的变形和强度、坝基不连续结构面以及坝基处理措施;通过油压千斤顶加载系统施加坝面水荷载;采用的数据采集系统能及时、高效地测量坝面应变、坝基岩体外部位移和内部相对位移,并自动存储数据。采用超载水容重法进行超载破坏试验,得到拱坝坝体位移和应力的分布规律以及坝体和坝基岩体的开裂破坏过程。采用3个特征超载安全系数K1,K2和K3对大岗山拱坝整体稳定性进行评价。通过地质力学模型试验和基于变形加固理论的三维数值模拟对比分析表明,大岗山拱坝整体稳定性较高,并得到对拱坝–坝基整体稳定起控制性作用的部位。     

Geochemical characterisation of the outcropping rock masses of the immediate vicinity of wadi el-kaffrein dam site (Jordan)

this paper, the geomechanical characteristics of the discontinuities present in the rock masses, exposed in and around the existing Kaffrein dam site (Western have been investigated for a probable heightening project of the dam in the near future. this purpose, eighteen detailed line surveys were carried out to determine the geometrical and the mechanical properties of the discontinuities. These were located on both the abutments as well as on the exposed rocks near the reservoir area. of the discontinuity orientations, plotted on equal-area stereographic contour nets, have indicated the presence of two sub-vertical joint sets and a one attributed to bedding planes. On the one hand, right abutment rock masses are characterised by low persistence, closely spaced joints that caused formation of small to very small block sizes. On the other hand, exposed rocks on the left abutment reflect the presence of closely to widely spaced, persistent joints which result in small sized blocks. mass Uniaxial Compression Strength (UCS) was determined both in the laboratory and in situ. In situ measurements classified the rock masses as while those measured in the laboratory, classified the rock masses as weak to moderately strong. Low UCS values were assigned to samples taken the left abutment. Such values (UCS<20 Mpa) are believed to be questionable in view of the large difference observed between these values and those from in situ measurements (UCS ? 80 MPa). mass shear strength behaviour of the studied rocks was estimated considering the JRC, JCS of the main discontinuity sets as well as the empirical of Barton and Choubey (1977). The estimated shear strength envelopes relevant to the rock masses of both abutments were similar, and thus, they similar shear strength characteristics. These results indicate the necessity of conducting further laboratory tests on samples to be taken from the left in order precisely to determine the spatiel variation of the shear strength parameters, taking into consideration that future works, regarding the heightening, are to be done on the left abutment. mass quality was determined through the employment of the two widely known geomechanical classification systems: RMR and Q. Both systems a fair to good quality class to the rocks of both abutments. The cross correlation of their results gave a regression equation that is closely similar to of Bieniawski. However, it should be stressed that its validity is applicable, preferably, to the study area. geological and geomechanical investigations, presented in this work, established two main problems that are directly related to the dam ans/or to any developments or works related to it. The first, concerns the heterogeneous nature, from the fracture intensity point of view, of the rock masses of the formation. While the second, concerns the permeable alluvial deposits which cover the reservoir area, through which, an unallowable quantity of water is taking place. conveyed results are believed to furnish valuable technical information regarding the geomechanical behaviour of the exposed rock masses in the vicinity dam. This information could be used to direct or to lead future field &/or technical works in an efficient way in order to pass to the design and execution.     

胶凝砂砾石坝深层抗滑稳定模型试验研究

胶凝砂砾石坝(CSG坝)是一种新坝型,目前学术界主要针对坝体的结构形式、应力分布及结构强度等方面展开了研究,而关于地基对CSG坝的影响相关研究较少.通过设计地质力学模型试验,模拟了CSG坝在复杂地基上的正常运行及破坏状态.具体为,以守口堡大坝的典型坝段及武都水库#18坝段址区的坝基为研究对象,采用超载法,对模型进行了破...     

武都碾压混凝土重力坝深层抗滑稳定破坏试验研究

通过建立武都碾压混凝土重力坝典型坝段坝基的地质概化模型,采用三维地质力学模型试验方法对其天然地基条件下的深层抗滑稳定问题进行系统研究.试验对典型坝段的地形、地质条件,包括岩体、断层、节理等主要地质缺陷的特征进行模拟,根据岩体力学参数及软弱结构面力学参数,研制出适合武都工程地质条件的模型材料,采用超载法进行破坏试验研究.根据试验结果,分析坝体、坝基以及主要断层的变形特征,探讨坝与地基整体失稳的破坏过程、破坏形态和破坏机制,揭示影响坝基稳定的控制性因素,获得典型坝段的滑动破坏机制与稳定安全系数.在此基础上,对坝基加固处理措施进行讨论,为典型坝段的深层抗滑稳定安全评价与基础加固处理设计提供科学依据.     

A comprehensive testing method for global stability analysis of high arch dams

Hydropower projects are rapidly developing in China at present,and a number of high dams and large reservoirs are currently under construction or will soon be built.These large projects are mainly located on the great rivers in West China with complicated topographical and geological conditions.Evaluation of stability and safety of these high dam projects is an important topic.Geomechanical model test is one of the main methods to study the global stability of high dam and foundation.In this paper,a comprehensive testing method that combines overloading and strength reduction in a model is proposed.In this method,both the influence of excessive flooding and the effects of strength reduction of rock masses and weak structural planes on dam stability are considered.Thus,the comprehensive testing method can accurately incorporate multiple factors that affect the global stability of high dam and its foundation.Based on the failure testing principle and model similarity theory,a similarity relation formula for safety evaluation through comprehensive test is established.A new model material,temperature-dependent analogous material,is also developed.By rising the temperature and reducing the strength of the model material,the mechanical behaviors resulting from gradual strength reduction can be simulated.Thus,the comprehensive testing method is realized in a single model.For case studies,the comprehensive geomechanical model test is conducted for Jinping I and Xiaowan high arch dam projects.