美国国家营养监测计划及对我国的启示

公众的营养与健康状况是反映一个国家社会与经济发展、卫生健康水平和人口素质的重要指标,是国家制定营养相关政策的重要依据,因此,对全国居民展开营养监测必不可少。本文分析了美国相对完善的国家营养监测计划、对比了我国营养监测的现状,认为美国的营养监测计划在体制、执行和财政投入等方面对完善我国营养监测体系具有重要的借鉴价值。我国应尽快制定和完善适合本国国情的国家营养监测计划,提高其全面性、严密性、时效性及针对性,及时采取干预措施,指导人群健康膳食,保护公众的健康和安全。     

Monitoring wood moisture content using the WETCORR method

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Verfolgen der Holzfeuchte mit der WETCORR- Methode. Teil 2. Kalibierung und überprüfung

     

Low cost monitoring of glyphosate in surface waters using the ELISA method: an evaluation

Concerns have been raised in the scientific community regarding the environmental implications of a dramatic increase in corn-based ethanol production and associated increases in pesticide use. The use of glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, for corn production has increased considerably in recent years in Canada and the United States. The cost of measuring concentrations of organic contaminants in the environment using traditional wet chemistry methods can be prohibitive; especiallywhen large numbers of samples are required to quantify the spatial and temporal variability in contaminant concentrations. The goal of our study was to evaluate a cost-effective method to measure glyphosate concentrations in surface waters. The reliability of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results was evaluated against liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and linear regression results for 30 water samples from urban watersheds revealed a strong relationship (R2 = 0.88). These results suggest that ELISA methods, used in conjunction with traditional methods, represent a cost-effective approach to enhance the spatial and temporal resolution of a water quality monitoring study. Additionally, we measured a total of 739 surface water samples from over 150 sampling locations throughout Ontario using ELISA from April to October 2007. Concentrations exceeded the method detection limit of 0.1 microg/L in 33% of the samples, with a maximum concentration of 12.0 microg/L. Glyphosate showed a bimodal temporal distribution with peak concentrations occurring in late spring/early summer and fall, and did not exceed the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) guideline for the protection of aquatic life (65 microg/L) in any of the samples.     

Monitoring the dynamic density of dough during fermentation using digital imaging method

A simple and new method was developed for monitoring the dynamic density of dough during fermentation process. In this method digital imaging was applied to determine volume of dough sample in actual proofing conditions, i.e., temperature and relative humidity of the fermentation oven. The method resulted that the volume increasing profile affected by temperature and relative humidity conditions of the fermentation oven. As when temperature and relative humidity was increased, volume expansion rate was higher. The data also demonstrated that dough density decrease with the investigated proofing temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C more significantly (p < 0.01) than proofing relative humidity of 65%, 75% and 85% (p < 0.05). The new imaging method have the advantage of being low cost and measuring dough density in actual proofing conditions as used in bread making.     

Monitoring of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables using monoclonal antibody-based direct competitive ELISA followed by HPLC-MS/MS

A multi-analytes method for monitoring of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) using a combination of broad-specificity direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. The reaction formats of dcELISA as well as the matrix effects of vegetable samples by different treatments were studied. The dcELSIA based on horseradish peroxidase-labelled monoclonal antibody and solid-phase extraction can analyse 42 samples in duplicate simultaneously for 12 OPs with a limit of detection at 20 μg L⁻¹ within 40 min, with good accuracy and reproducibility. For screening purpose, the dcELISA can distinguish positive samples from hundreds of negative samples at a rapid, high-throughput and low cost manner. The positive samples can be following confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS for the kinds and the relative amounts of OPs. The method is suitable for monitoring of OP contamination in vegetables samples with high-efficiency and low cost.     

解读《国家粮食安全中长期规划纲要》

2008年11月13日,国家发改委公布了《国家粮食安全中长期规划纲要》。详细解读了纲要在2008～2020年期间保障我国粮食安全的指导思想、目标、主要任务、相应政策措施。这是我国今后一段时期粮食宏观调控工作的重要依据。     

Monitoring the enrichment of virgin olive oil with natural antioxidants by using a new capillary electrophoresis method

The enrichment of virgin olive oil (VOO) with natural antioxidants contained in various herbs (rosemary, thyme and oregano) was studied. Three different enrichment procedures were used for the solid–liquid extraction of antioxidants present in the herbs to VOO. One involved simply bringing the herbs into contact with the VOO for 190 days; another keeping the herb–VOO mixture under stirring at room temperature (25 °C) for 11 days; and the third stirring at temperatures above room level (35–40 °C). The efficiency of each procedure was assessed by using a reproducible, efficient, reliable analytical capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method to separate and determine selected phenolic compounds (rosmarinic and caffeic acid) in the oil. Prior to electrophoretic separation, the studied antioxidants were isolated from the VOO matrix by using an optimised preconcentration procedure based on solid phase extraction (SPE). The CZE method was optimised and validated.     

在《2004年全国制粉技术研讨暨粮机产品展销会》上的发言

由中国粮食行业协会面粉分会筹备组、《面粉通讯》杂志社联合主办,布勒设备工程(无锡)有限公司承办的《2004年全国制粉技术研讨暨粮机产品展销会》今天在美丽的太湖之滨—无锡召开。这次会议是去年在武汉召开的《2003年全国面粉行业高峰论坛暨中国粮食行业协会面粉分会筹备工作会》上确定召开的,是继去年11月全国面粉行业高峰论坛后我国面粉行业的又一次盛会。从内容上看,本次会议与前两次高峰论坛不尽相同,侧重于制粉技术研讨,会上将向大家介绍国内外面粉行业的最新科技动态;研讨、解决制粉技术的难题;展示制粉机械“四新”产品和搜索市场…     

The detection of Salmonella serovars from animal feed and raw chicken using a combined immunomagnetic separation and ELISA method

The immunomagnetic separation technique was used in conjunction with an ELISA-based detection system to recover Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella virchow (2–2×10³cfu 25 g⁻¹) from raw chicken and animal feed. The detection time was less than 27 h and included the conventional pre-enrichment (18 h) step in buffered peptone water and an enrichment step (6 h) in glucose nutrient broth. In contrast, the conventional method using Rappaport-Vassiliades enrichment broth and selective plating on XLD agar required 72–96 h.     

Sensory Evaluation of Irradiated Ground Beef Patties for the National School Lunch Program

ABSTRACT: The 2002 Farm Bill allows irradiated ground beef to be distributed in the Natl. School Lunch Program (NSLP). Sensory properties of irradiated ground beef specified for the NSLP were evaluated. Frozen ground beef patties with 15% fat content were either not irradiated or irradiated at doses of 1.35 and 3.0 kGy. Aroma, taste, aftertaste, and texture as well as overall liking of cooked patties after 0 and 6 mo of storage were evaluated using nontrained panels. Results showed that irradiation had no significant ( P > 0.05) effect on the ratings of any of the sensory attributes either at 0 or after 6 mo of storage. Average ratings of liking of aroma, taste, aftertaste, and overall were higher at 6 mo than at 0 mo.     

全国食品污染物监测网络平台中监测物质数据信息词表的构建探讨

目的建立适合我国食品污染物监测工作需求的食品和监测物质数据信息词表,并能够灵活应用到全国食品污染物监测网络平台系统中。方法参照国际国内食品、污染物和食品添加剂分类编码等标准,结合我国食品污染物监测实际工作特点,制定出食品和监测物质数据信息词表。结果建立了满足实际应用,又与国际相接轨的标准化食品和监测物质信息词表。结论食品和监测物质数据信息词表有效地规范了食品污染物监测工作,并能够为食品污染物监测工作质量提供技术保证作用。     

An ELISA method for the rapid and simple determination of aflatoxin in human serum

A rapid, simple method for the determination of aflatoxin in human serum using anti-aflatoxin antisera in an indirect, double antibody microtitration plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described. Direct assay of serum necessitated the availability of a large sample volume, due to the presence of 'non-specific' interference. Addition of methanol to sera removed the interference enabling the analysis to be performed on small volumes (0.5 ml) of serum. The sensitivity of the assay is 20 pg ml-1. Total assay time, including sample preparation, is 4.5 h. No aflatoxin was found in any of the UK samples analysed.     

广东省江门市区2004-2008年食源性致病菌的监测

目的了解江门市区2004-2008年食品中沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌及肠出血性大肠肝菌(EHEC)O157∶H7的污染状况,确定上述致病菌可能污染的高危食品,为食源性疾病监测提供科学依据。方法依据国标方法,并按《广东省食源性致病菌监测计划》检测技术要求,对采集的食品样本分别进行沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌及EHECO157∶H7分离、生化及血清学鉴定。结果从9类626份食品中,5年共检出致病菌54株,总检出率为8.63%。其中金黄色葡萄球菌3年检出14株,检出率最高为4.83%;其次为沙门菌5年检出23株,检出率为3.67%;单核细胞增生李斯特菌5年检出16株,检出率为2.56%;副溶血性弧菌5年中仅检出1株,检出率为0.16%;未检出EHECO157∶H7。以非定型包装熟肉、生肉类污染较为严重。结论应加强非定型包装熟肉和生肉类食品食源性致病菌污染的监测。     

电子舌技术对香醋发酵过程的监控研究

采用电子舌对香醋发酵过程中总酸、不挥发酸、还原糖、氨幕酸态氮进行定量分析.对比了偏最小二乘法(PLS)和人工神经网络(ANN)的不同算法,结果显示基于非线性映射的人工神经网络算法具有较好的定量精度,预测值和实测值的相关系数分别为0.8439、0.9382、0.8322和0.8558.预测标准偏差(RMSEP)分别为0.8240、0.0963、0.1482和0.5557.研究表明:电子舌能对香醋发酵产物进行定量预测,并对食醋发酵过程的监控有良好的应用前景.     

Residue analysis of the pharmaceutical diclofenac in different water types using ELISA and GC-MS

A highly sensitive and specific indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of diclofenac in water samples was developed. With pure water, the limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and IC50 were found to be 6 ng/L and 60 ng/L, respectively. The analytical working range was about 20-400 ng/L. Highest cross-reactivity (CR) of 26 tested pharmaceuticals, metabolites, and pesticides was found for 5-hydroxydiclofenac (100%). Other estimated values were well below 4% and, therefore, are negligible. The assay was applied for the determination of diclofenac in tap and surface water samples as well as wastewater collected at 20 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Austria and Germany. Humic substances were identified as main interference in surface water. Wastewater samples which were only submitted to filtration and dilution yielded about 25% higher diclofenac concentrations using the ELISA compared to GC-MS. However, the ELISA turned out to be a simple, inexpensive, and accurate method for the determination of diclofenac both in influent and effluent wastewater after rather simple sample preparation, i.e., filtration, acidification, and readjustment to neutral pH-value, and at least 10-fold dilution with pure water.     

高效液相色谱法与酶联免疫法检测小麦中呕吐毒素的比较研究

以小麦为样品,通过高效液相色谱法和酶联免疫法检测结果对比分析,改进高效液相色谱法中的洗脱方法,稀释酶联免疫法中的样品量.结果显示:高效液相色谱法与酶联免疫法检测小麦中呕吐毒素在200～1 500 μg/kg存在相关性,即呕吐毒素含量CHPLC＜CELISA,两者相差平均为149.2 μg/kg,RSD为12.6％.酶联免疫法操作简便快速,适用于大量样品的快速初筛,而高效液相色谱法检测时间较长,成本较高,更适合经ELISA法初筛后呈阳性样品的确证以及呕吐毒素含量的准确定量.     

ELISA方法与国标法在检测鲜奶中沙门氏菌的比较研究

应用直接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法对３５０份奶样进行沙门氏菌的检测，其阳性检出率为１．４％；同时采用常规方法检测，其阳性检测率为１．２％。与常规方法相比，该法的敏感性和特异性分别为１００％和９９．７％（３５０份奶样）。结果表明，该法具有快速、准确等特点，２￣３天即可完成样品筛选。     

Associations between paratuberculosis ELISA results and test-day records of cows enrolled in the Irish Johne's Disease Control Program

The effect of the Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) ELISA status on test-day milk performance of cows from Irish herds enrolled in the pilot national voluntary Johne's disease control program during 2013 to 2015 was estimated. A data set comprising 92,854 cows and 592,623 complete test-day records distributed across 1,700 herds was used in this study. The resulting ELISA outcome (negative, inconclusive, and positive) of each cow within each year of the program was used to allocate the cow into different scenarios representing the MAP status. At MAPscenario₁, all cows testing ELISA nonnegative (i.e., inconclusive and positive) were assigned a MAP-positive status; at MAPscenario₂ only cows testing ELISA-positive were assigned a MAP-positive status; at MAPscenario₃ only cows testing ELISA nonnegative (inconclusive or positive) and gathered exclusively from herds where at least 2 further ELISA nonnegative (inconclusive or positive) cows were found were assigned a MAP-positive status; at MAPscenario₄ only cows testing ELISA-positive that were gathered exclusively from herds where at least 2 further ELISA-positive cows were found were assigned a MAP-positive status. Milk outputs based on test-day records were standardized for fat and protein contents (SMY) and the effect of MAP ELISA status on the SMY was estimated by a linear mixed effects model structure. The SMY mean difference recorded at test day between cows with a MAP-positive status and those with a MAP-negative status within MAPscenario₁ was estimated at ?0.182 kg/test day; the mean difference was ?0.297 kg/test day for MAPscenario₂; for MAPscenario₃ mean difference between MAP-positive status and MAP test-negative cows was ?0.209 kg/test day, and for MAPscenario₄, the difference was ?0.326 kg/test day.