SUS304不锈钢MAG焊接头组织与性能

通过金相观察、力学性能和耐晶间腐蚀性能试验,研究了SUS304不锈钢MAG焊接头组织与性能。结果表明,接头的抗拉强度不低于母材,而且塑性良好。焊缝为奥氏体组织,呈较为粗大的柱状晶形态,且与母材熔合良好;过热区的晶粒长大不严重。焊态时,焊接接头的腐蚀速率与母材相当,经敏化处理,接头的腐蚀速率大大增加。     

Zr-702锆板TIG焊接接头硫酸环境腐蚀性能研究

采用99.999％高纯Ar作为保护气体进行Zr-702锆板的TIG焊接实验,采用静态等温失重法,研究了Zr-702焊接接头在250 ℃,15%(ω)硫酸介质中浸泡时长对其腐蚀性能的影响,探究其腐蚀机理。研究结果表明：在相同温度与浓度,不同浸泡时长的硫酸介质中,焊接接头的腐蚀速率均大于母材的腐蚀速率,当浸泡时长为2天时,焊接接头与母材均具有良好的耐腐蚀性能；当浸泡时长大幅增加至180天时,焊接接头与母材腐蚀速率均有明显升高,浸泡时长对焊接接头与母材的腐蚀速率影响较大；通过对浸泡时长为180天的试样进行成分组织性能表征分析可知,焊接接头焊缝区和热影响区均析出大量氢化锆,母材或母材区氢化锆数量相对较少；Zr-702的母材在硫酸介质中的腐蚀为均匀腐蚀和氢腐蚀共同作用,焊接接头因各区存在明显组织梯度而存在电位差,故其腐蚀为电偶腐蚀和氢脆联合作用的局部腐蚀。     

高氮奥氏体不锈钢仰焊焊接接头组织与性能研究

通过金相观察、力学性能和耐蚀性能试验,采用00Cr20Ni15Mo2N钢研究了高氮奥氏体不锈钢焊条电弧仰焊焊接接头的组织与性能,并对其焊接工艺进行了适当的实践与探讨。结果表明,接头的抗拉强度不低于母材,而且塑性良好。焊缝为100%奥氏体组织,呈较为粗大的柱状晶形态,且与母材熔合良好;过热区的晶粒长大不严重。焊态时,焊接接头的腐蚀速率与母材相当,经敏化处理的晶间腐蚀试样,弯曲90°后未发现因晶间腐蚀而产生的裂纹。均匀腐蚀全浸试验的年均腐蚀速度为1.32×10~(-3)mm/年,具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

海洋平台用钢A710焊接接头的耐蚀性研究

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电化学试验和浸泡失重等手段研究了海洋平台用钢A710焊接接头各区域的组织及耐蚀性。试验结果表明:焊接接头的母材、热影响区和焊缝的组织不一致,导致各区域的耐蚀性差别,各区域的腐蚀速率大小为焊缝热影响区母材。焊缝区组织存在板条马氏体,其耐蚀性最差。焊接接头各区域的腐蚀速率均在0.2~0.5 mm/a之间,焊接接头耐蚀性符合海洋环境要求。     

复合钢结构的焊接工艺与组织性能研究

采用焊条电弧焊和钨极氩弧焊相结合的方法对复合钢结构进行焊接,研究不同焊接工艺对焊接接头显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,焊接接头的抗拉强度与母材较为接近,而断后伸长率略有降低,断裂位置都在母材处。失重腐蚀速率测试结果表明,4种焊接接头中A4的腐蚀速率最小,具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。电化学性能测试结果表明,304L母材和4种焊接接头在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能从小至大依次为:接头A3<接头A1<接头A2<接头A4<304L母材。     

CT80连续油管焊接接头的电化学腐蚀行为研究

采用光学显微镜观察了CT80连续油管焊接接头母材、热影响区(HAZ)和焊缝的显微组织;采用动电位极化技术和电化学阻抗谱测试方法研究了焊接接头各区域在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明:CT80连续油管母材的显微组织为细小的铁素体+珠光体;焊缝的显微组织不均匀,焊缝中心晶粒细小,两侧晶粒粗大;热影响区的显微组织为魏氏体组织。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,CT80连续油管焊接接头各区域的热力学稳定性顺序依次为HAZ母材焊缝;HAZ区的极化电阻最大,腐蚀速率最小,耐蚀性最好;焊缝的极化电阻最小,腐蚀速率最大,耐蚀性最差;CT80连续油管焊接接头各区域耐蚀性的顺序依次为HAZ母材焊缝。     

22MnB5超高强钢焊接组织与性能

采用钨极氩弧焊方法,实现了22MnB5超高强钢淬火前后同种材料之间的连接,进行了焊接接头拉伸试验和热影响区内显微组织及硬度分布试验,并对焊接前后材料的抗腐蚀性能进行了试验分析.结果表明,淬火处理后22MnB5组织结构从铁素体+珠光体组织转变为马氏体组织,显微硬度与抗拉强度大幅度提高,原始及淬火后材料的焊接接头具有良好的力学性能和组织形貌,焊后焊接接头抗拉强度和硬度略低于原始母材,经淬火处理后的材料焊后抗拉强度达到1179.59 MPa,略低于淬火材料但比原始母材高很多,淬火热处理材料的腐蚀速率略有上升,而焊接后将大幅度增加腐蚀速率,通过比较淬火焊缝钢腐蚀速率最大.     

集鱼灯结构改进设计及焊接接头性能分析

对集鱼灯焊接结构进行了改进设计。以结构改进后的集鱼灯焊接接头为研究对象,运用SYSWELD软件对焊接接头的焊接温度场进行了数值模拟,得到的焊接接头温度场与实际生产相符。使用优化的工艺参数对集鱼灯进行脉冲MAG焊接,研究结构改进后集鱼灯焊接接头的焊缝成形、微观组织、显微硬度和耐海水腐蚀性能等进行了研究。结果表明:使用优化的参数进行焊接得到的焊缝成形较好。焊缝组织为奥氏体和铁素体双相组织,焊缝与316L母材的主要合金元素含量相差不大,焊缝的硬度最高,其最大值为227 HV,而母材的硬度最低,其最小值为189 HV。将焊接接头在3.5%的NaCl水溶液中进行腐蚀,得到焊缝的腐蚀速率为0.1814 mm/a,母材的腐蚀速率为0.1767 mm/a。     

Cu-P-Cr钢及其焊接接头的周期腐蚀性能

通过中试轧制、电渣压力焊制备了Cu-P-Cr钢及其焊接接头,利用光学显微镜研究了电渣压力焊接接头的组织晶粒度,利用干湿交替实验机、SEM、EPMA、XRD研究了Cu-P-Cr钢及其焊接接头在1.0×10-2mol/L的Na HSO3溶液中的耐腐蚀性能、锈层元素分布及组成,分析了母材与焊接接头的耐腐蚀机理及其影响因素。研究结果表明:焊接接头与母材的腐蚀速率相比碳钢分别为64.6%与61.5%。焊接接头锈层中Cu、Cr元素的大量富集、α-Fe OOH相的转变是腐蚀性能优异的主要原因,而焊缝及熔合区形态各异的铁素体+珠光体+魏氏组织和晶粒尺寸不均等导致了锈层中Cu、Cr富集程度低于母材、腐蚀性能稍弱于母材。     

盐水环境中搅拌摩擦焊接2024铝合金的腐蚀行为

采用全浸泡法对2024铝合金母材与搅拌摩擦焊接接头在3.5%盐水环境中的腐蚀性能进行了测试,并对腐蚀速率进行了计算,对腐蚀形貌进行了观察。结果表明:腐蚀由点蚀开始,最后发展为剥落腐蚀;搅拌摩擦焊接(FSW)接头上各区的腐蚀速率大小为热影响区和焊核区热机影响区母材区。搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的腐蚀速率高于母材的,即其耐蚀性与母材相比变差。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.