一种新型镀锌层无铬钝化工艺

为了提高锌镀层的耐蚀性能,必须对其进行钝化处理。采用钼酸铵和磷酸钠组合,加入适量的添加剂XZ-03B,确定了一种新的镀锌层无铬钝化工艺,探讨了其主要成分和工艺条件对钝化膜性能的影响。结果表明:所形成的钝化膜为彩虹色,色泽鲜艳、均匀,钝化膜性能接近铬酸盐钝化膜的性能,耐腐蚀性较好,且钝化液不含铬酸盐,对环境污染极小,因此具有一定的应用价值。     

Study of role of phosphate coating properties on electrophoretic paint performance by EIS and simulated corrosion tests

The influence of phosphate bath chemistry on phosphate coating properties and, eventually, on corrosion resistance properties of electrophoretic (ED) painted steel samples was examined. Two types of zinc phosphate bath chemistry with different concentration of zinc and nickel ions, and different values of total acid, free acid, and accelerator content were studied. The phosphate bath with higher value of acid ratio (total acid/free acid), nickel ion concentration, and accelerator point produced the best phosphate coating on steel surface with globular microstructure, small crystal size, high P ratio, and uniform coverage. Phosphate coated and only alkali cleaned samples were cathodic ED painted. Their corrosion resistance properties were evaluated by salt spray test, cyclic corrosion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The relative increase in corrosion resistance of painted sample due to best phosphate coating was 1·4 to 1·8×. Paint adhesion of samples significantly deteriorated when painted without phosphate pretreatment.     

The growth of zinc phosphate coatings on 6061-Al alloy

Zinc phosphate coating was formed on 6061-Al alloy through a phosphating bath containing mainly ZnO, H₃PO₄, NaF. Yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) was used as an accelerator of phosphatization to replace nitrite. The morphology, composition and the growth process of the zinc phosphate coating were investigated by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR and electrochemical measurements. The phosphate coating formed is composed of hopeite and metallic zinc. The formation and morphology of the zinc phosphate coating were strongly influenced by the presence of yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) in the phosphating bath. The formed zinc phosphate coatings exhibited high corrosion resistance in 3% NaCl solution as shown by polarization measurement.     

The effects of nano-SiO2 additive on the zinc phosphating of carbon steel

In this paper, nano-SiO₂ was used as an accelerator for improving the microstructure and the corrosion resistance of phosphate coating on carbon steel. The chemical composition and microstructure of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of nano-SiO₂ on weight, roughness and corrosion resistance of the phosphate coatings were also investigated. Results show that the compositions of phosphate coating were Zn₃(PO₄)₂·4H₂O (hopeite), and Zn₂Fe(PO₄)₂·4H₂O (phosphophylite). The phosphate coatings became denser due to the addition of nano-SiO₂ which reduced the size of the crystal clusters. The average weight of phosphate coatings approximately linearly increased with the nano-SiO₂ content in the bath from 0 to 4 g/L, and the phosphate coatings formed in bath containing 2 g/L nano-SiO₂ showed the highest corrosion resistance in 5 wt.% sodium chloride solution at ambient temperature. Nano-SiO₂ would be widely utilized as a phosphating additive to replace the traditional nitrite, due to its less pollutant and its better quality of the coating.     

Studies on the Influence of Hexadecylamine on Chromate Phosphate Coating on Aluminium

The effect of hexadecylamine (HDA) on a Chromate phosphate coating on aluminium was studied using an optimized Chromate phosphate bath, The addition of HDA was found to decrease the coating weight, but to enhance the coating quality and corrosion resistance. The inhibitory effect of HDA helps in regulating the excessive attack on the metal and its ability to reduce Cr⁶⁺ to Cr³⁺ compensates the possible time delay for the initiation of coating deposition due to the inhibition.     

丁二酸及钨酸钠对化学镀Ni-W-P镀层沉积速度的影响

采用配方不同的化学镀液,在低碳钢基材上制备出不同的Ni-W-P三元合金镀层,对镀层沉积速度和表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明:镀液中成分的含量对镀速及镀层表面形貌都具有很大的影响,丁二酸具有十分明显的加速作用,而镀速随着钨酸钠含量的增大而减小,改变丁二酸和钨酸钠的含量可以改变镀层的表面形貌。     

Characteristics of a fast low-temperature zinc phosphating coating accelerated by an ECO-friendly hydroxylamine sulfate

A fast low-temperature phosphating processing accelerated by an ECO-friendly hydroxylamine sulfate (HAS) is developed. The zinc phosphate coating was fast formed on high-carbon steel in a low-temperature phosphating bath. Growth stages and characteristics of the phosphate coating were investigated by open circuit potential (OCP), SEM, EDS and XRD techniques. The phosphating process can be divided into three stages, namely amorphous precipitation, anodic depolarization and growth of phosphate coating. The phosphate coating consists of Zn₃(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O and Zn₂Fe(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O phases. The addition of HAS makes the three stages' time shorten to 53%, 31% and 50%, respectively, while markedly reduces the size of phosphate crystals from 100 µm to about 50 µm, and increases the Zn₂Fe(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O content from 30% to 44% in the coating. HAS would be widely used as a low-temperature phosphating accelerator to replace the traditional nitrite, due to its less pollutant, higher phosphating rate and better quality of the coating.     

锌锰系磷化膜硅酸钠封闭工艺研究

通过单因素对比实验,研究了硅酸钠浓度、添加剂以及封闭时间、封闭温度等对磷化膜封闭效果的影响,获得了最佳封闭工艺。采用加速腐蚀实验方法和电化学测试技术,将硅酸盐封闭的效果与铬酸盐封闭进行了对比,并探讨了封闭机理。结果表明:硅酸钠封闭后,磷化膜中性盐雾试验(NSS)24h未见腐蚀,自腐蚀电位正移,自腐蚀电流明显降低;硅酸钠封闭是通过形成硅酸盐沉淀封闭磷化膜的微小凹陷处,从而提高磷化膜耐蚀性的。     

Effect of coating bath composition on the properties of electroless nickel-boron films

The effect of borohydride, thallium acetate, ethylenediamine and sodium hydroxide concentrations, and the coating bath temperature on both the coating rate and boron content of the electroless Ni-B films was investigated systematically. The Ni-B coating rate increased with the increase in thallium acetate and sodium hydroxide concentrations, but it was not very sensitive to the borohydride concentration. Below 90 g L^− 1 ethylenediamine concentration the coating efficiency was significantly low and above this value as the ethylenediamine concentration increased the coating rate decreased slightly. Below 85 °C the coating rate was very low and above this temperature it was insensitive to the bath temperature. The boron content of Ni-B film increased with the increase in the borohydride concentration and the bath temperature, and decreased with the increase in thallium acetate and ethylenediamine concentrations. Up to 50 g L^− 1 sodium hydroxide concentration, the boron content of the film increased and above this concentration it was insensitive to the sodium hydroxide concentration. As the boron content of Ni-B film increased, both the corrosion resistance and microhardness of Ni-B film increased. Heat treatment brought significant improvement in the microhardness but the corrosion resistance of Ni-B film was observed to decrease due to the disappearance of the amorphous characteristics of the as-deposited Ni-B film and the formation of the Ni-B compound phases.     

Effects of alkaline cleaners and cleaning methods on phosphate coating weight and surface morphology

Abstract

The effects of some alkaline cleaners and cleaning methods on the phosphate coating weight have been assessed. The morphologies of the phosphate coatings were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Single alkaline cleaners are not advantageous to formation of fine phosphate coatings. Additives, such as sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, sodium glycerophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and trisodium phosphate, in compound alkaline cleaners, can mitigate alkali corrosion of metal, resulting in the surface roughness of metal being decreased. The coating weight of phosphate coating formed on the sample cleaned by compound alkaline cleaners is lighter than by the use of single alkaline cleaners. Compared with the immersion cleaning method, spray cleaning contributes to the formation of the tiny phosphate crystal grains.     

Improvement of anticorrosion and adhesion to magnesium alloy by phosphate coating formed at room temperature

A new surface protection process was developed to magnesium alloy against corrosion in aggressive environments. Firstly, a phosphate coating was formed on rinsed magnesium alloy. Then, powder painting was carried out on the phosphated magnesium alloy. Surface morphologies and phase compositions of the phosphate coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results show that the phosphate coatings formed in bath containing earth additives at room temperature have dense and fine microstructure. The phosphate coating provides excellent paint adhesion to the magnesium alloy. Salt spray tests indicate that the corrosion resistance of the phosphate coating plus paint could meet the demand of magnesium alloy automobile components in aggressive environments.     

Effect of Cerium Oxide on Morphologies and Electrochemical Properties of Ni-W-P Coating on AZ91D Magnesium

AZ91D magnesium alloy substrate was first pretreated in a phosphoric acid to obtain a phosphate coating, and then, the electroless ternary Ni-W-P coating was deposited using a sulfate nickel bath. The morphologies of the Ni-W-P coating were observed by using scanning electron microscope, the deposition rate of the coating was examined with the method of gravimetric analysis, and the phase analysis was identified by x-ray diffractometer. Electrochemical property was tested by means of an electrochemical analyzer. The results indicated that the addition of an optimum concentration of CeO₂ (cerium oxide) particles could evidently improve the deposition rate and the stability of the plating bath. However, it acted as an inhibiting effect as the concentration of CeO₂ particles exceeded to 8 mg/L in the sulfate nickel bath. The results also revealed that the morphology of Ni-W-P coating became more smooth, compact and uniform with the increase in the concentrations of CeO₂ particles in the bath, but the corrosion resistance decreased due to the precipitation of crystal phases (Ni₃P, Ni₄W, etc.) after heat treatment.     

A Black Phosphate Conversion Coating on Steel Surface Using Antimony(III)-Tartrate as an Additive

A novel black phosphate conversion coating was formed on steel surface through a Zn-Mn phosphating bath containing mainly ZnO, H₃PO₄, Mn(H₂PO₄)₂, and Ca(NO₃)₂, where antimony(III)-tartrate was used as the blackening agent of phosphatization. The surface morphology and composition of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Corrosion resistance of the coating was studied by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The pH value of the solution had significant influence on the formation and corrosion resistance of the coating. The experimental results indicated that the Sb plays a vital role in the blackening of phosphate conversion coating. The optimal concentration of antimony(III)-tartrate in the phosphating bath used in this experiment was 1.0 g L^?1, as higher values reduced the corrosion resistance of the coating. In addition, by saponification and oil seals, the corrosion duration of the black phosphate coating in a copper sulfate spot test can be as long as 20 min.     

烟酸镀银添加剂的研究

为了进一步提高烟酸镀银的光亮性,改善镀液的性能,通过赫尔槽试验研究了2,2-联吡啶与硫代硫酸钠对镀层外观的影响,并用金相显微镜观察基础配方和优化配方(含添加剂)的镀层的表面形貌.试验结果表明:2,2-联吡啶和硫代硫酸钠联合使用可以提高镀层的光亮性,扩大镀液的电流密度范围.     

The EIS investigation of powder polyester coatings on phosphated low carbon steel: The effect of NaNO2 in the phosphating bath

The effect of different type of iron-phosphate coatings on corrosion stability and adhesion characteristic of top powder polyester coating on steel was investigated. Iron-phosphate coatings were deposited on steel in the novel phosphating bath with or without NaNO₂ as an accelerator. The corrosion stability of the powder polyester coating was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), adhesion by pull-off and NMP test, while surface morphology of phosphate coatings were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM).The adhesion and corrosion stability of powder polyester coatings were improved with pretreatment based on iron-phosphate coating deposited from NaNO₂-free bath.     

偏硼酸钠体系铝合金仿木纹交流电解工艺

在普通偏硼酸钠－硼酸仿木纹电解液的基础上,通过添加碳酸钠作为刻蚀剂,添加磷酸钠作为增粘剂,得到了一种新型的偏硼酸钠体系仿木纹电解液。分析讨论电解液组成及工艺条件对仿木纹电解效果的影响后,发现碳酸钠和磷酸钠质量浓度是主要影响因素,工艺条件的影响是相互制约的。该新工艺具有电解液稳定,获得的木纹逼真,操作简便等特点     

Electroless Ni-Sn-P coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy and its corrosion resistance

An electroless Ni-Sn-P coating was deposited on AZ91D magnesium alloy in an alkaline-citrate-based bath where nickel sulphate and sodium stannate were used as metal ion sources and sodium hypophosphite was used as a reducing agent. The phase structure of the coating was amorphous. SEM and attached EDS observation revealed the presence of dense and uniform nodules in the ternary coating and the content of tin was 2.48wt.%. Both the electrochemical analysis and the immersion test in 10% HCl solution proved that the ternary Ni-Sn-P coating exhibited better corrosion resistance than the Ni-P coating in protecting the magnesium alloy substrate.     

光亮碱性Zn-Al合金电镀工艺研究

在碱性锌酸盐镀锌液中加入铝盐，研究成功了一种光亮碱性锌铝合金电镀工艺。采用霍尔槽试验探讨了镀液成分和工艺条件对镀层质量的影响，检测了镀液和镀层性能。研究结果表明：镀液阴极电流效率达到80%以上，镀液分散能力和复盖能力好，镀层中铝含量为1．5％左右，所形成的Zn-Al合金镀层结晶细致、光亮度好、结合力好、耐蚀性优良，适用于作高耐蚀性镀层。     

全光亮碱性锌酸盐镀锌工艺研究

在碱性锌酸盐镀锌基础液中加入自制光亮剂XY-03A,研究成功了一种全光亮碱性锌酸盐镀锌工艺,确定了电镀工艺规范,采用霍尔槽试验探讨了主要成分对镀层质量的影响,检测了镀液和镀层性能,结果表明：所形成的锌镀层光亮度高,镀层结晶细致,与基体结合力好;镀液的分散能力、复盖能力、电流效率和镀层耐蚀性优于DE型镀锌工艺,具有较高的应用价值.     

Duplex-layered manganese phosphate conversion coating on AZ31 Mg alloy and its initial formation mechanism

A duplex-layered phosphate conversion coating was obtained on AZ31 Mg alloy by substituting NaF bath with a citric bath. The morphology, composition and corrosion resistance of the coating were investigated using SEM, EDS, SPM and electrochemical methods. A three-stage mechanism for initial formation of the coating was proposed: Dissolution of the loose oxide film and deposition of Mg₃(PO₄)₂ and AlPO₄, formation of a composite intermediate layer of Mg₃(PO₄)₂, AlPO₄ and Mg(OH)₂, and deposition of manganese phosphate nuclei followed by growth and lamination of the nuclei. The nuclei preferentially deposit at the Al–Mn phase surface and near the grain boundary.