卷烟烟气内源性酸香成分的加香贡献度

研究了15种卷烟烟气内源性酸香成分的主流烟气粒相转移率和嗅觉阈值,进而定义各成分转移率与嗅觉阈值的比值为"加香贡献度",以表征各成分加香后对卷烟烟气感官特征的贡献差异。结果表明:①乙酸的转移率(36.61%)最高,其他14种成分的转移率介于9.67%～17.15%之间;②异戊酸的加香贡献度最高(169.76),3-甲基戊酸、戊酸、丁酸的加香贡献度在14.25～52.13之间,乙酸、2-甲基丁酸、2-甲基戊酸、己酸、3-苯基丙酸的加香贡献度在1.59～4.55之间,其余酸香成分的加香贡献度1.00。③加香贡献度兼顾主流烟气转移率和嗅觉阈值,能够更加全面和真实地反映不同加香成分对卷烟烟气感官特征影响能力的差异,对卷烟调香具有参考价值。     

卷烟烟气内源性花香成分分析及花香特征调控

为进行卷烟烟气花香特征的分析与调控,从有文献记录的烟气成分中筛选出45种花香成分,利用GC-MS定量分析了8种卷烟样品主流烟气粒相物中花香成分的分布特征;以香气活性值（OAV）评价了各成分对烟气花香特征的贡献;测定了可检出花香成分的主流烟气粒相转移率与加香贡献度,以烟气中各花香成分的初始比例调配了花香香基单元;评价了加香贡献度差异显著的4种成分质量分数变化对香基单元感官作用效果的影响,分析了香基单元的加香贡献与花香强度变化率之间的关系。结果表明：(1)8种卷烟样品主流烟气粒相物中共检出24种花香成分,不同卷烟烟气中花香成分分布特征具有一致性,香叶醇、β-大马酮和β-二氢大马酮的OAV较高;(2)24种可检出花香成分的转移率处于1.41%～17.90%的范围,加香贡献度在0.005～1 088.75之间,各成分间加香贡献度的差异显著高于转移率的差异;(3)保持烟气各花香成分比例不变所形成的香基单元1能够显著提高卷烟花香、甜香和清香等特征,与各成分等比组成的香基单元相比能够更大程度地提升卷烟的丰富性及整体感官作用效果;(4)香基单元10%左右的加香贡献变化引起了约40%的花香强度变化,加香...     

垂直料管式加香设备的研制和应用

针对传统滚筒式加香设备普遍存在加工过程时间长、处理强度大、加香均匀性差的缺点,开发了一种垂直料管式烟草加香设备。该设备采用半开放式静态立式加香筒,配合多喷嘴全方位加香设计,利用物料垂直自由下落时的松散状态对物料进行加香。与大线传统滚筒加香设备进行了对比实验,结果表明:（1）新型加香设备的加香精度与生产线滚筒加香设备基本一致,满足大线生产要求。（2）与传统滚筒加香设备相比,该设备加香前后物料造碎降低1.0%~1.5%,有效降低了过程消耗。（3）设备的加香均匀性优于传统滚筒加香设备,卷烟产品感官质量得到了明显提升。      

盘纸加香在进口卷烟盘纸替代中的应用

采用气相色谱/质谱法分析国产和进口卷烟盘纸对卷烟主流烟气成分的影响,研究国产卷烟盘纸加香后卷烟产品和进口盘纸卷烟产品主流烟气成分及感官质量的差异。实验结果表明,国产盘纸替换进口盘纸后,卷烟主流烟气成分中低分子醛、酮类物质含量减少,卷烟感官质量下降;加香后的国产盘纸卷烟样品主流烟气成分和感官质量和进口盘纸卷烟样品较一致,加香后的国产盘纸可作为进口盘纸的替代品。     

清香型卷烟风格特征的修饰强化研究

以清香型成品卷烟代表品牌为研究目标,首先对空白叶组、加香加料卷烟及成品卷烟进行了感官评吸,结果表明:叶组加香加料后其感官评吸各指标都有大幅度提升,趋近于成品卷烟,但是在清香、花香、酸甜香属性上还不及成品卷烟。对加香加料卷烟及成品卷烟的烟丝进行了GC-MS分析,结果发现:有27个挥发性成分未在加香加料卷烟中检测出,这些成分大多具有花香、甜香香气。在该基础上,通过调香技术,强化和修饰了其清香型特征,电子鼻分析结果表明,经过修饰强化后的叶组与成品卷烟接近一致。     

基于标志物含量的变化表征卷烟制丝加香均匀性

为表征卷烟制丝加香工序均匀性,将香精样品中致香物质的检测结果与加香前后烟丝中的挥发性、半挥发性香味成分相比较,筛选出适合于表征制丝加香工序均匀性的标志物,对标志物进行了定量检测,并研究了取样量、取样次数及取样时间间隔对标志物含量的影响.结果表明:①确定了标志物香紫苏内酯( SER),并建立了SER的分析方法,方法的重复性为3.63％,平均回收率为95.95％～106.45％;②采用数理统计分析方法,得出较佳的取样参数为:等时间间隔60 s取样,每次取样30 g,连续取样30次;③对加香机出口、储丝房出口及卷接机出口3个取样点进行分析,得出其加香均匀性系数分别为90.05％,91.55％和92.42％,说明加香工序后,香精在烟丝中分散得更加均匀.     

奶香型卷烟纸特征成分的释放迁移行为

制备了3种不同奶香卷烟纸并制成卷烟,考察其特征成分的释放及迁移行为.结果表明,奶香香精和奶香型卷烟纸的特征成分为香兰素、乙基香兰素,且是奶香型卷烟的嗅香来源.加香卷烟纸奶香特征成分会有效迁移到主流烟气中,卷烟抽吸前3 口的特征成分迁移量基本一致.奶香型卷烟放置4个月后,烟丝中的香兰素会迁移到卷烟纸中,而乙基香兰素主要转...     

加热卷烟气溶胶烟熏香成分分析及特征调控

为进行加热卷烟气溶胶中烟熏香特征的分析与调控,分析了烟熏香成分在8种加热卷烟样品气溶胶粒相物中的释放量及香气活性值,测定了部分烟熏香成分在气溶胶粒相物中的转移率,评价了不同注射量和组成的香基单元对加热卷烟感官作用效果的影响。结果表明：(1)烟熏香成分在8种不同加热卷烟样品之间的释放量及香气活性值差异较大;(2)7种烟熏香加香成分中,愈创木酚的转移率最高,为9.10%;(3)7种烟熏香加香成分按不同比例调配出的香基单元1与等比例调配出的香基单元2的感官作用效果无明显差异。     

杏汁挥发性成分分析及在卷烟加香中的应用

采用固相微萃取法提取杏汁中的挥发性香气物质,经气相色谱-质谱联用仪对提取物进行挥发性成分的分离和鉴定,确认了其中的60种成分,占总质量分数的92.08%,主要香气成分为酸类(32.60%)、醇类(18.45%)、醛类(18.10%)、酯类(13.95%)、酮类(2.84%)等.卷烟加香实验表明:杏汁提取物能赋予卷烟甜香、果香,提高卷烟香气的柔和性和圆润性,降低刺激性,掩盖杂气,改善口感,起到明显提升卷烟品质的作用;对不同的烟丝施加量应略有区别,一般控制在0.05%～0.1%范围内效果较佳.     

小试加香加料误差分析

为提高卷烟小试加香加料的准确性,进行了降低小试加香加料误差试验。结果表明:烟丝用量、添加比例、香精香料的密度和添加时烟丝翻动的次数都会带来不同程度的误差,加香和加料误差分别为8.24%～16.00%和2.56%～7.11%。提出了一种新的小试加香加料方法———天平示量法。即将烟丝放在天平上进行添加,直至天平上显示香精香料理论用量。这种方法可使小试加香加料精度达到99.0%以上,甚至可以做到零误差,完全能够达到卷烟生产工艺要求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the