夏热冬冷地区低能耗生态小住宅探索与实践

夏热冬冷地区由于其恶劣的气候原因和相对发达的经济使这一地区的建筑能耗不断激增。作者通过设计完工的低能耗绿色小住宅对"夏热冬冷"地区的低能耗建筑做了初步的探索。     

寒冷地区超低能耗高层建筑的围护结构热工设计优化研究

超低能耗建筑以围护结构设计为主体,对被动式环境控制策略进行集成,其在落实超低能耗建筑标准对降低建筑运行能耗及碳排放方面有重要作用,是实现建筑节能和碳中和的重要途径。提出适合于我国寒冷地区气候条件下超低能耗高层建筑的围护结构热工优化设计方案是本研究的主要目的。基于寒冷地区气候条件,利用能耗模拟软件DeST-H对某超低能耗高层居住建筑进行能耗及全年温度模拟,同时,结合建筑碳排放指标和经济性分析,对高层建筑围护结构的热工设计进行综合评价,得到外墙、屋面保温层厚度的最佳阈值范围,并提出外窗的优化设计构造。研究成果可为寒冷地区超低能耗高层建筑的相关标准制定提供理论基础,亦可为高层超低能耗建筑的应用及推广提供技术支撑。     

中国被动房外围护系统研究——以寒冷、严寒气候区被动房项目为例

德国的被动房是目前世界公认的具有超低能耗、超低碳排放量、超高室内舒适度等特点的建筑技术体系。德国的气候特征与中国华北地区的气候特征具有相似性,因此,研究并建造被动房对于我国建筑节能工作的发展具有重大的意义。外围护系统作为被动房设计的重点要素,对建筑的节能效率有重大的影响。以寒冷、严寒气候区的被动房项目为例,对被动房外围护系统进行分析与阐述,并以秦皇岛"在水一方"被动式住宅示范项目为例,进行能耗模拟与对比分析。提出适合我国寒冷、严寒气候区气候特点的被动式超低能耗建筑外围护系统的设计策略。     

上海地区发展超低能耗建筑的思考

我国建筑能耗总量逐年上升,目前占全国能源消费总量的20%以上,推进建筑节能工作势在必行。超低能耗建筑以其舒适度高、节约能源等特点,越来越受到我国政府和相关科研人员的关注。梳理了国内超低能耗建筑的发展现状,探讨了上海地区超低能耗建筑的气候适应性设计策略,提出了上海地区发展超低能耗建筑所面临的问题,以期为后续进一步的研究工作提供指导。     

寒冷地区建筑外墙节能设计策略分析

随着全球经济的飞速发展,城市化进程加快,建筑整体耗能在城市总能耗中的占比也逐渐增加,而建筑节能设计能够缓解能源消耗问题,有效降低建筑能耗。基于此,本文以优化外墙节能设计为出发点,论述了寒冷地区的气候现状,通过对外窗、外墙和屋顶进行保暖设计、技术优化以及材料分析,提出了优化寒冷地区建筑低能耗的设计策略,在保障建筑正常使用的基础上,实现寒冷地区建筑的节能目标。     

浅谈当前建筑气候分析中存在的问题及应用前景

设计和建造低能耗建筑对于降低我国建筑能耗意义重大,而实用的气候分析方法可以为建筑师提供该地域被动式建筑设计的方法和方向。通过分析对不同气候设计方法的发展及特点进行了对比,以常用的"生物气候图"为例进行了深入探究,发现当前气候分析方法由于是国外学者研究并提出,该方法在地域气候和人群特点的适用性方面存在一定问题。通过对人体热舒适边界、被动式设计策略边界、典型年气象数据3个方面存在的问题进行剖析,进一步提出了改进方法以及气候分析在未来节能建筑设计中的意义。     

寒冷地区共享空间形态布局的低能耗设计研究

运用建筑类型学原理,本文归纳了基于能量控制的共享空间布局类型。在此分类基础上对共享空间进行定性的能量分析和定量的能耗模拟分析,从布局选型、空间朝向和空间组合3个方面探索建筑能耗与形态布局的内在对应关系,得出符合气候适应性的低能耗设计依据,总结寒冷地区共享空间形态布局的低能耗设计策略。     

无锡地区近零能耗公共建筑节能技术策略

建筑节能是实现绿色低碳与可持续发展的重要手段，近零能耗建筑因其具有高能效、低能耗的特点，受到各界广泛关注和研究，但不同地区、不同气候、不同建筑类型的技术策略不同。本工程以无锡地区首个近零能耗公共建筑示范项目为例，介绍近零能耗建筑设计方法，探讨研究适宜于无锡地区公共建筑的节能技术路径，为今后无锡地区近零能耗公共建筑的设计提供成功经验和理论支撑。     

影响严寒地区体育馆低能耗设计的建筑特征要素研究

严寒地区体育馆建筑能耗巨大,对其进行建筑低能耗设计研究十分必要。由于体育馆建筑独特的建筑功能及建筑形态,使得其低能耗建筑设计与其他建筑类型有着极大的区别。本论文旨在分析研究严寒地区体育馆建筑特征对低能耗设计的影响．为严寒地区体育馆低能耗设计打下基础,有助于建立并完善建筑低能耗设计研究的理论框架,为今后不同地域、不同建筑类型的低能耗设计研究提供理论依据。影响严寒地区体育馆低能耗设计的建筑特征要素有：比赛空间尺度的巨大化,室内物理环境的特殊化及体育经营模式的多样化。     

基于软件模拟的北京农村民宿节能改造研究

随着我国大力发展乡村旅游业,农村民宿数量也与日俱增,然而大多民宿在改造过程中仅重视其室内外装饰,忽视了民宿的节能改造。为解决我国北方寒冷地区农村民宿能耗过高与利用率较低的问题,提出相应的解决方法与策略,并基于北京地区的气候环境特点,在大兴区魏善庄镇半壁店村进行民宿建筑低能耗改造。通过软件模拟技术,将改造前后的建筑室内自然采光效果及围护结构热工性能进行模拟试验,计算其各项指标是否达到低能耗标准与室内舒适度要求,对模拟结果进行分析并得出结论,为未来乡村民宿节能改造提供参考和借鉴。     

Ancient vernacular architecture: characteristics categorization and energy performance evaluation

Building has significant impacts on the environment and natural resources. The emerging world energy and environment challenges demand a substantial revolution of building design philosophies, strategies, technologies, and construction methods. Vernacular architectures, built by people whose design decisions are influenced by traditions in their culture, have been gleaned through a long period of trial and error and the ingenuity of local builders who possess specific knowledge about their place on the planet, and thus are valuable in promoting climate-specific passive building technologies to modern buildings. This study introduced an approach to categorizing distinct vernacular regions and evaluating energy performance of ancient vernacular homes as well as identifying optimal constructions using vernacular building techniques. The research conducted an extensive computer energy modeling for a number of representative ancient vernacular architectural characteristics observed for different climatic regions. The vernacular test subjects were compared against those established according to the International Energy Conservation Code and those generated by the optimization software. The simulation results of the energy models suggest that considering traditions seen in ancient vernacular architecture as an approach to improving building energy performance is a worthwhile endeavor and a scientific guidance can help enhance the performance. The study indicates that, although many vernacular dwells exist in the world, it is challenging (but desired) to package vernacular architecture traditions and quantitative design knowledge to modern building designers. This project is the first part of a much larger project that intends to create a knowledge base of vernacular building traditions that will include information about not only the energy performance of traditional building techniques, but also address areas of cost, material availability and cultural traditions.     

浅谈节能建筑设计措施

随着社会的发展,人们对建筑要求在不断的增长,建筑能耗也在不断的增加。我们必须大力发展节能环保技术,以便使我国节能环保进入一个新的水平。本文主要介绍了在我国夏热冬暖地区,居住建筑节能设计的一些措施。     

呼和浩特市既有住宅热环境与节能改造分析

以呼和浩特市城区老旧多层住宅建筑为研究对象,采用以EnergyPlus为计算核心的DesignBuilder软件对其在原有情况下的室内温度、热舒适度以及建筑能耗进行分析,并对不同房间、不同楼层的室内热环境进行分析。根据内蒙古地区最新居住建筑节能设计标准对研究对象进行不同部分围护结构改造。以原有建筑能耗做对比,分析不同改造措施的节能效率。分析在采用节能改造措施后的住宅室内的温度、热舒适度及能耗的改善情况,提出呼和浩特市乃至内蒙古地区老旧多层住宅的热环境及节能改造措施。     

对住宅小区中环境绿化设计的思考

近年来,随着人们对于居住环境的不断重视,小区绿化建设的好坏已成为众多业主选择小区的重要指标。本文介绍了小区绿化建设的意义和发展,讨论了目前我国小区绿化建设的现状,深入剖析小区绿化的设计原则,并给出小区建设中必要的绿化措施,供有关人士查阅参考。     

A cost effective approach to design of energy efficient residential buildings

The objective of this study is to identify cost-optimal efficiency packages at several levels of building energy savings. A two-story residential building located in Jordan is selected as a case study. DesignBuilder software is used to predict the annual energy usage of a two-story residence in Irbid, Jordan. Real-time experimental data from a single isolated controlled room was used to verify the proposed model. In addition to energy analysis, the economic, environmental, and social benefits of the proposed design have been investigated. The sequential search optimization approach is used to estimate the minimum cost of the building while considering various design scenarios. In addition, the impact of various energy conservation techniques on residential buildings is assessed, and the payback period for each program is calculated. Ultimately, the optimal combination of design to achieve energy efficiency measures has been identified in several climate regions. The simulations results predict that the annual electricity consumption can be reduced up to 50% if the proper combinations of energy conservation measures are selected at the lowest cost. The payback period is 9.3 years. Finally, energy efficiency measures can lead to a total of 9470 jobs/year job opportunities.The study provide practical framework to link between energy performance criteria and economic goals of building. Linking the energy performance requirements to economic targets provides guidelines for homeowners, contractors, and policymakers for making a suitable decision regarding the retrofitting of existing residential buildings. The study focuses on developing new methodologies that support minimizing costs during a building's lifecycle while maximizing environmental benefits which can not be identified by a series of parametric analyses using individual energy-efficient measures.     

BECS软件在建筑节能设计中的应用

利用建筑节能软件对建筑能耗的模拟和分析功能,从建筑节能设计的角度,详细阐述了如何利用建筑节能软件设计高效的节能措施,并辅以常州某滨江住宅楼的案例进行说明,有效地改善建筑的热工性能,降低建筑全年能耗,实现精确地评估建筑能耗.     

零能耗建筑的整合设计与实践——以清华大学O-House太阳能实验住宅为例

针对建筑、技术和工程的整合设计是可持续建筑设计的一项重要议题。城市住宅面临人口密度高、建造方法传统、建筑物理性能缺陷、系统设备老化和资源紧缺等诸多问题,且这些问题在中国大中城市尤为显著,因此,整合可持续策略与住宅建筑设计成为一项挑战。本文意在建立一个基于中国住宅市场情况、在零能耗住宅设计到建造的过程中、整合可持续策略的技术框架。O-House是中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛的参赛作品之一,是一个面向中国住宅市场的零能耗建筑。该实例证明了建筑的组成发展模式、建筑设计和材料、建筑与可再生资源策略利用的一体化、建筑与系统设备一体化、建筑与室内家具一体化等整合设计的策略和流程。文末列举了可持续住宅设计的利用范围领域,同时指出未来发展中可能存在的优势和局限。     

节能理念下的住宅建筑设计探讨

目前,我国城乡新建住宅建筑的绝大部分依然为高耗能建筑。对于我国如此庞大的建筑量来说,在节能理念的指导下,设计出能最大程度减少能耗的住宅建筑十分必要。本文通过对节能理念的阐述,对住宅建筑的节能进行了分析,探讨了如何在新形势下进行住宅建筑设计。     

Optimizing energy efficiency and occupant comfort with climate specific design of the building

Designing energy efficient and comfortable buildings requires harmonizing the complex interactions of architecture, construction and building service engineering. The building envelope has a particular importance, since it integrates many functions and has direct influence on indoor climate. Focusing on satisfaction of the user means that the indoor climate is a key for a holistic design approach. Only a satisfied user will not intervene with the designed energy concept or the indoor climate control; dissatisfaction results in multiple system interventions which may cause waste of energy and sometimes even damage to building envelope components. Satisfaction with the indoor environment also increases working productivity or enables effective recreation of residents.The paper deals with international research activities in the field of climate specific building design. Various comfort and energy monitoring surveys of office buildings as well as residential buildings provide substantial information about the occupants' behavior and their needs during specific situations under different outdoor climates. This information allows summarizing basic climate dependent design principles which architects should keep in mind during the early stages of the design process. It also helps to develop strategies aiming at reducing building energy demand and at the same time consider comfort aspects. The second part of this paper demonstrates application of the climate dependent design principles in a housing project in Dubai.     

地域性“零能耗住宅”设计实践

近年来,"零能耗"建筑因其对再生能源的高效利用和优异的绿色生态性表现已逐步成为国内外节能建筑的发展方向。但我国对"零能耗"的基础研究才刚起步,而真正建立起来的"零能耗"建筑更是较少;通过对比国内外多个"零能耗"住宅的实际案例,论述了在相同设计条件下,各国对达到"零能耗"标准的设计策略的差异性;同时,探讨了其从设计前期决策,设计阶段到项目实施的整个过程中对能耗控制和设计策略的思考,为我国在"零能耗"住宅建筑的设计和建造提供经验参考。