天津中新生态城启动被动房建设试点

<正>从中新天津生态城召开的新闻发布会上获悉,生态城在全市率先启动"被动式"住宅试点建设。这种房屋采用"零碳"技术减少建筑耗能,让居民生活更加生态环保。"生态城与中国建筑科学研究院和德国被动房研究所合作,选取生态城公屋二期项目4号、5号两栋楼作为推广试点进行建设。"生态城新闻发言人吕凯告诉记者,此次被动房涉及房屋108套,建筑面积1.35万平方米,计划2017年投入使用。     

中新生态城：中国城市发展样本

中国与新加坡日前签署了两国政府关于在天津建设生态城的框架协议。这是继苏州工业园之后,中新两国的第二个政府间合作项目。专家认为,在天津滨海新区被纳入国家整体发展战略并初步发挥示范带动效应之际,中新生态城项目的落户,不仅将助推天津滨海新区的开发开放,还将为环渤海区域经济的发展增添新动力。     

基于气候适应性分析德国被动房概念在中国的实现

由于受到能源危机的影响,被动式建筑已经逐渐成为我国建筑行业的发展方向之一,但我国的被动房技术体系仍不够完善,与德国具有较大的差距。以气候适应性为切入点,选取中国和德国各11座城市,研究德国被动房在中国的适应性,通过室外气温、太阳辐射、露点温度、有效天空温度以及气候大陆度五个指标进行综合分析,得出结论:我国被动房制冷需求和除湿需求增大;纬度高于38°N区域,采暖需求增大,32°N~38°N区域,采暖需求可满足德国被动房标准,低于32°N区域,采暖需求减小。     

管理体制保障开发建设

<正>管理体制创新是天津生态城建设过程中的一大亮点。中新双方通过协议和规定确定了天津生态城管理体制，确保项目实施的稳定性和可持续性。中新联合协调机制是生态城作为中新两国合作项目的制度体现，其良好的运营模式对于天津生态城建设发展具有重要作用。     

中德生态园被动房技术体验中心空调系统设计

中德生态园作为中德两国合作建立的第一个智慧生态园区,被动房体验中心作为全国第一个严格按照德国标准设计建造的被动房示范项目,本文介绍了青岛中德生态园被动房体验中心空调系统的设计,并详细介绍了地埋管换热器的设计,为被动房项目设计以及土壤源热泵系统的设计和应用提供了示范。     

中新天津生态城具体选址确定

中国与新加坡目前签署了两国政府关于在天津建设生态城的框架协议。这是继苏州工业园之后，中新两国的第二个政府间合作项目。2007年12月24曰，中新天津生态城中方投资联合体在滨海新区正式成立，并召开第一次股东会和董事会。这标志着中新天津生态城项目建设迈出了新的一步。在此之前，生态城建设标准、总体规划和管理条例的编制分别明确了牵头单位，也已经正式启动。     

我国被动房理论与实践中需要注意的问题

被动房标准与我国现行标准根本性不同点◇被动房用一次能源消耗量做限制性指标,而不用50%这类的相对指标表示能耗的高低。◇被动房对建筑的采暖能耗、制冷能耗和建筑物的总能耗做限制,而不是仅对采暖或制冷做限制。     

寒冷地区被动房过渡季自然通风策略的实测与模拟研究

被动房具有高保温隔热性,其节能和舒适性的效果需借助可再生能源的利用来实现.针对寒冷地区过渡季的气候特点和被动房独特的响应特性,本文通过现场实测和模拟分析相结合的方法,对自然通风、机械通风、混合通风策略进行研究,来探索自然通风工况下满足其舒适性和节能要求的可能性.首先,以某被动房示范项目为研究案例,基于多维监测数据,提取其在日间自然通风工况下的室内响应参数,利用PMV指标评价法分析室内舒适性.其次,借助于能耗模拟软件,在实测数据的基础上校验物理模型,模拟其在4月份进行自然通风与机械通风时的室内环境差异.最后,对比被动房在不同通风策略下的运行能耗,从而得到对应的节能潜力和舒适性评估,为寒冷地区过渡季被动房自然通风策略的制定提供参考.     

上海地区气候适应型被动式超低能耗建筑技术路线探索

本文通过模拟计算设置不同外墙、外窗传热系数时的被动式建筑能耗,发现上海地区围护结构保温层过厚影响夏季室内热量散失,增加室内制冷能耗需求。通过分析夏热冬冷地区典型被动房的室内环境和能耗监测数据,得到德国被动房技术体系在上海地区的适应性,最终得出上海市气候适应型被动式超低能耗技术路线应基于间歇用能模式,以制冷为主,兼顾供暖和除湿需求,在满足室内舒适需求前提下实现建筑超低能耗。     

推广“汉堡之家”

"被动房"的概念正式进入中国公众视野,是2010年上海世博会的"汉堡之家".而在专业人士眼中,"被动房"就是当今盛行于欧洲的最先进的节能房屋——被动式低能耗建筑. 如今,作为"被动房"形象代言的"汉堡之家"有了真正意义上的中国版,这就是中德合作"被动式低能耗建筑"示范项目——秦皇岛"在水一方"住宅小区.在建的示范项目还有哈尔滨"辰能·溪树庭院"、河北省建筑科技研发中心科研楼等.正是这些项目首开风气之先,试点示范了第一批中国式 "被动房". "被动式低能耗房屋"起源于20世纪90年代的德国,是指采用各种节能技术构造最佳的建筑围护结构,最大限度地提高建筑保温隔热性能和气密性,使建筑物对采暖和制冷需求降到最低.     

Energy simulation for a high-rise building using IDA ICE: Investigations in different climates

In this paper a model of a high-rise building is constructed in the simulation program IDA ICE. The model is based on an IFC-model of a demonstration building constructed in Ljubljana, Slovenia, as part of an EU-project, EE-high-rise. The model’s energy performance was simulated for four cities: Umeå (Scandinavia), Ljubljana (Central Europe), Sibenik (Mediterranean) and Dubai (The Persian Gulf). Furthermore, the climate envelope of the building was modified with the aim to improve the model’s energy performance in each of the regions. The results were evaluated according to the energy requirements of passive house standard by the German Passive House Institute. The analysis suggests that the reference building model, which itself incorporates several energy efficient components, was unable to meet the German passive house standard in none of the four cities (Umeå, Ljubljana, Sibenik and Dubai) studied. By providing a combination of energy saving measures, such as modifications of thermal resistance of building envelope, the building may be able to meet the passive house standard in Ljubljana. The analysis concludes that the reduction in window area results in reduction of both heating and cooling demand. Increase in the thickness of the insulation and the thermal resistance of windows reduces the space heating demand for Umeå, Ljubljana and Sibenik (not applied for Dubai) while increasing the cooling demand for these cities. Increased airtightness has marginal effect on heating and cooling demand for all investigated cities. Reduced thermal resistance of windows will decrease cooling demand for Ljubljana, Sibenik and Dubai (not applied for Umeå). Reduced insulation thickness (not applied for Umeå) will decrease cooling demand for Ljubljana and Sibenik but not for Dubai. Reducing the insulation thickness may often result in reduced cooling demand for moderately warm countries since the average outdoor temperature could be lower than the indoor temperature during part of the cooling season. In those situations a reduced insulation thickness can cause heat flow from the relatively hot inside to the colder outside. However, for hot climates like in Dubai where outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature for most of the year, reducing the insulation thickness will increase the cooling demand. This result suggests that the insulation thickness must be chosen and optimized based on heating and cooling demand, internal heat gain, and outdoor climate     

中国被动房外围护系统研究——以寒冷、严寒气候区被动房项目为例

德国的被动房是目前世界公认的具有超低能耗、超低碳排放量、超高室内舒适度等特点的建筑技术体系。德国的气候特征与中国华北地区的气候特征具有相似性,因此,研究并建造被动房对于我国建筑节能工作的发展具有重大的意义。外围护系统作为被动房设计的重点要素,对建筑的节能效率有重大的影响。以寒冷、严寒气候区的被动房项目为例,对被动房外围护系统进行分析与阐述,并以秦皇岛"在水一方"被动式住宅示范项目为例,进行能耗模拟与对比分析。提出适合我国寒冷、严寒气候区气候特点的被动式超低能耗建筑外围护系统的设计策略。     

Using passive cooling strategies to improve thermal performance and reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in U.A.E. buildings

Passive design responds to local climate and site conditions in order to maximise the comfort and health of building users while minimising energy use. The key to designing a passive building is to take best advantage of the local climate. Passive cooling refers to any technologies or design features adopted to reduce the temperature of buildings without the need for power consumption. Consequently, the aim of this study is to test the usefulness of applying selected passive cooling strategies to improve thermal performance and to reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in hot arid climate settings, namely Dubai, United Arab Emirates. One case building was selected and eight passive cooling strategies were applied. Energy simulation software – namely IES – was used to assess the performance of the building. Solar shading performance was also assessed using Sun Cast Analysis, as a part of the IES software. Energy reduction was achieved due to both the harnessing of natural ventilation and the minimising of heat gain in line with applying good shading devices alongside the use of double glazing. Additionally, green roofing proved its potential by acting as an effective roof insulation. The study revealed several significant findings including that the total annual energy consumption of a residential building in Dubai may be reduced by up to 23.6% when a building uses passive cooling strategies.     

银川地区被动式太阳房的室温预测

被动式太阳房是一种经济有效地利用太阳能采暖的建筑,银川地区太阳能热水器已经得到了广泛的应用,但被动式太阳房的应用较少。本文对银川地区直接受益窗与集热蓄热墙的组合式太阳房的室内温度进行预测,分析其热舒适性,以便今后更近一步的研究。     

被动式蒸发冷却下向通风降温技术在中庭中应用的思考

被动式直接蒸发冷却下向通风降温技术是一种高效、无污染、低能耗、使用费用低廉的绿色降温技术,被认为是中庭降温的最佳技术,该文用案例分析的方法比较了以色列布劳斯坦沙漠建筑研究中心和美国凤凰城奥康纳联邦法院的中庭设计方法及其技术措施,揭示了利用相同技术为中庭降温而产生截然不同热舒适效果的原因,提出被动式建筑设计原则、适宜的技...     

溶液调湿新风机组表冷盘管的设置与节能

以天津中心生态城某工程为例,通过实例计算,分析了外置表冷盘管与溶液调湿机组的位置关系对新风处理能耗以及新风处理系统COP的影响。得出了在表冷盘管采用高温高效冷源的前提下,表冷盘管前置比后置具有明显节能效果的结论。     

Reduction of energy consumption using passive architecture in hot and humid climates

Energy shortages, pollution, global warming, and the impacts of urban heat islands are among the pressing issues in this century all over the world. Historically, local architecture was based on people’s experience and knowledge. It was sympathetic to the climate and environment. After a period of building design that ignored the local climate, more passive buildings, low energy buildings, and zero buildings have come into focus because of the environmental pollution caused by an excessive use of fossil fuels. The historic architectural style in Dezful includes underground shelters, 5–12 m deep, to improve the indoor climate conditions in this hot and semi humid city. This type of underground shelter, known as a Shavadoon, is regarded as one of the passive energy strategies to seek temperature comfort using the earth annual temperature stability and natural ventilation. The present study was conducted in a house owned by Mohammad Reza Ghamsari. The house was used to test the accuracy of numerical simulation of the temperature and air flow within the Shavadoon spaces. Temperature contours, streamlines, and other related findings are reported. The results show that space conditioning costs could be cut and adequate comfort could be derived using such passive heating and cooling systems.     

天津生态城建筑遮阳应用案例浅析（一）

中新天津生态城指标体系要求100%为绿色建筑。建筑遮阳因其对建筑节能、室内热舒适与视觉舒适的效果显著,而成为绿色建筑必不可少的技术措施之一。生态城大量的建筑采用了外遮阳技术,本文选择部分典型的标志性建筑进行了浅析。     

浅谈天津地区被动式绿色建筑设计条件

被动式节能设计手段是建筑师在方案设计阶段需要重点考虑的策略。被动设计策略主要可以从规划布局设计、建筑单体设计、维护结构设计三个层次上进行研究。参考天津地区气候特征,依据《被动式超低能耗绿色建筑技术导则》对该地区的建筑保温、遮阳、采光、通风等环境因素进行评估与分析,从而对天津地区被动式节能建筑技术策略的适应性手段进行阐述。文中所列节能策略均考虑到天津地区自然气候特征,旨在为天津地区建筑设计实践及旧房改造提供参考依据。     

Natural ventilation design for houses in Thailand

This paper explores the potential of using natural ventilation as a passive cooling system for new house designs in Thailand. The characteristics of past and present Thai houses are analyzed in terms of climate, culture, and technology. Based on the thermal comfort requirements for the Thai people and the climate conditions in Bangkok, the study found that it is possible to use natural ventilation to create a thermally comfortable indoor environment in houses in a Bangkok suburb during 20% of the year. This study also develops comprehensive design guidelines for natural ventilation at both the site planning and individual house levels by using computational fluid dynamics.