纤维增强复合材料黏弹性行为的预测模型

根据标准线性固体模型构造了一种预测纤维增强复合材料黏弹性行为的模型, 推导出该模型的本构方程与松弛模量和蠕变柔量表达式, 该模型经有限元仿真验证具有较高的精度。利用该模型研究了纤维几何特性对蠕变柔量和松弛模量的影响。结果表明, 复合材料蠕变柔量与纤维比长度呈线性关系, 而当纤维比半径增大到临界值后, 其变化对材料的松弛模量和蠕变柔量影响减小, 该临界值随纤维弹性模量的增大而减小; 当纤维模量与基体模量相差较大时, 复合材料的增强系数和减柔系数几乎不受时间变化的影响。      

考虑界面效应的GFRP复合材料蠕变模型

建立了包含界面的玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(GFRP)蠕变混合率单胞模型,对GFRP的蠕变性能进行分析;并与GFRP在应力水平为初始弯曲强度的20%所对应的载荷下的弯曲蠕变实验结果进行对比。分析了界面模量、界面厚度、纤维连续性与形态以及位向等因素对复合材料蠕变性能的影响。结果表明:相较于不考虑界面效应的混合率模型,本模型具有更高的准确性,与实验结果更为吻合;界面模量反应了纤维与基体的结合程度,对复合材料的蠕变性能产生影响,其蠕变柔量随着界面模量的增大而减小;界面厚度的增大会导致复合材料的蠕变柔量略微增大;相较于连续纤维增强树脂复合材料,短切纤维毡增强树脂复合材料的蠕变性能更易受到界面效应的影响;纤维方向对复合材料蠕变性能有显著影响,随着纤维方向角的增大,复合材料蠕变柔量增大,但当纤维方向角达到60°后,纤维已基本失去载荷传递和增强能力,复合材料蠕变柔量不再继续随着纤维方向角的增大而增大。      

低温热管传热特性的实验研究

搭建了一套低温热管传热性能测试实验台,基于一种新型矩形内翅片低温热管,首次在-60℃至-40℃的温度下探究了冷凝温度和加热功率对热管稳态等温特性的影响,以及蒸发段和冷凝段长度变化对蒸发传热系数、总热阻值和当量导热系数的影响。研究结果表明:相同工况下,热管的轴向温差随着冷凝温度的降低而减小,随着加热功率的增大而增大;蒸发段长度越大,加热功率越高,蒸发传热系数越大;冷凝段长度越小热管热阻值越低,蒸发段长度越小热阻值越大;当量导热系数随冷凝段长度的减少而增大,随蒸发段长度的减少而减小。     

基于宏观各向异性碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的切削仿真

为了对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料切削加工过程中的基体破坏及亚表层损伤机制进行研究,借助数值仿真方法建立了基于宏观各向异性的复合材料正交切削有限元模型。采用Hashin-Damage失效准则,通过定义纤维拉伸断裂、压缩屈曲极限应力及基体横向拉伸断裂、剪切断裂极限应力等数值,建立了复合材料切削加工动态物理仿真模型。通过切削力仿真值与实验值的比较,验证了仿真模型的有效性。通过对0°和90°纤维方向复合材料基体开裂和压溃的分析发现,当进入稳定切削后,基体开裂方向与纤维方向平行,而基体的压溃主要发生在刀尖周围。分析了纤维方向对复合材料亚表面损伤深度的影响,随着纤维方向角度的增加,工件亚表面裂纹损伤深度呈增长趋势。     

不同界面SiC纤维束复合材料的拉伸力学行为

利用国产三代SiC纤维通过化学气相渗透工艺(CVI)制备不同界面厚度和基体体积分数的SiC纤维束复合材料,并对其拉伸力学行为进行研究;同时,通过有限元方法研究界面厚度和基体体积分数对SiC纤维束复合材料热残余应力的影响。有限元分析结果表明:该纤维束复合材料的界面存在较为明显的径向和环向热残余应力,而且这两种应力均随着界面厚度增加而减小,随着基体体积分数的增加而增加。拉伸实验结果表明:随着界面厚度增加SiC纤维束复合材料的拉伸强度有增大趋势,且纤维拔出长度也相应增加;但在界面厚度相同的情况下,过高的基体体积分数将导致复合材料拉伸强度和韧性下降。     

真空绝热板热桥效应传热模型分析与优化

对真空绝热板(VIP)热桥效应进行了数值分析,引入了边缘线性传热率的概念作为衡量热桥效应大小的基准量,基于稳态传热边界条件建立热流传递模型,对各影响因素进行分析和计算。研究结果表明,主要影响因素有芯材的导热系数及厚度,隔气结构的导热系数及厚度,VIP间填充介质的导热系数及厚度,VIP的规格。其中,边缘线性传热率随着芯材的导热系数及厚度的增加、隔气结构导热系数及厚度的减小、填充介质的导热系数及厚度的较小、VIP规格的增大呈现减小的趋势。文章结合影响因素,提出减小隔气薄膜的厚度与导热系数,减小芯材与填充介质的导热系数,适当增大VIP的规格,提高安装工艺等优化措施减小热桥效应。     

弯曲疲劳后4D-C/C复合材料的抗弯强度及热膨胀性能(英文)

采用液相浸渍炭化技术,在压力为75MPa下制备出4D-C/C复合材料,并进行高温热处理。研究静态和动态加载条件下,材料沿厚度方向的弯曲性能及断裂行为。结果表明,循环次数达到10×105次、频率为10 Hz时,材料的临界弯曲疲劳极限是静态弯曲强度的80%。静态弯曲加载情况下,C/C复合材料失效机制取决于试样底层炭纤维的取向。循环疲劳载荷作用下,其失效机制包括基体开裂、纤维-基体界面弱化及纤维断裂。复合材料在循环加载过程中界面结合强度降低,并释放内应力,故增强了纤维拔出以及复合材料的假塑性,疲劳加载后其剩余弯曲强度增加10%左右,而模量降低。疲劳载荷引起材料基体缺陷和裂纹数量的增加及纤维断裂,削弱了长度方向上的热膨胀,使材料热膨胀系数降低。     

填充颗粒导热性对复合材料导热性能的影响

基于ANSYS Workbench稳态热分析模块,利用均匀化方法,研究了填充颗粒导热性对填充型复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明,依靠增大填充颗粒导热系数来提高复合材料整体的导热性能有一定局限性,填料导热系数与基体材料导热系数之比存在一个临界值。在相同体积分数下,随着比值的增大复合材料导热系数增加,当达到临界值后继续增大比值复合材料的导热系数基本不变。不同形状的填充颗粒有不同的临界值,圆柱形颗粒的临界值略大于正方体形和球形,而且对于同一种形状的填充颗粒,随着填充分数的增大临界值略有增加。     

Effect of fiber fracture and matrix yielding on the distribution of stress in titanium matrix composites

使用三纤维/基体有限元模型研究了纤维失效和基体屈服后钛基复合材料内微区应力分布, 结果表明: 钛基复合材料内纤维失效端面的轴向应力降为0, 承载能力降低, 相邻基体和未失效纤维的承载能力升高;随着纤维体积分数的增大, 失效后应力和失效前应力的比值增大; 当中心纤维断裂时, 纤维体积分数高的复合材料立即失效, 且失效形式为共面失效; 对于纤维体积分数低的复合材料, 基体屈服对纤维与基体之间的载荷传递有重要的影响.     

钛基复合材料中的微区应力分布

使用三纤维/基体有限元模型研究了纤维失效和基体屈服后钛基复合材料内微区应力分布,结果表明:钛基复合材料内纤维失效端面的轴向应力降为0,承载能力降低,相邻基体和未失效纤维的承载能力升高;随着纤维体积分数的增大,失效后应力和失效前应力的比值增大;当中心纤维断裂时,纤维体积分数高的复合材料立即失效,且失效形式为共面失效;对于纤维体积分数低的复合材料,基体屈服对纤维与基体之间的载荷传递有重要的影响.     

陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维含量对石膏铸型性能和微观形貌的影响

向石膏粉料中添加不同含量陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维制备石膏铸型试样，测试分析陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维交织强化石膏试样的性能并观察其断口，研究陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维含量对石膏铸型性能和微观形貌的影响。结果表明，陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维含量对石膏铸型性能影响显著，随着陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维含量增加，石膏试样生胚抗弯强度呈倒V字形变化趋势，焙烧后的抗弯强度变化不大；石膏试样透气率随陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维含量的增加而增大，当石膏混合料中陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维质量分数为1.25wt%时达到最大值32.3，与传统石膏铸型相比，增大近21倍，尼龙纤维焙烧后形成的孔洞提高了石膏铸型透气率，陶瓷纤维保留在基体中提高强度，当陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维质量分数大于0.75wt%时，纤维会团聚并割裂基体；导热性和抗热震性随陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维含量的增加而先增大后减小，当陶瓷-尼龙复合纤维含量为0.75wt%~1wt%时，导热性和抗热震性相对最佳。      

碳纤维随机填充橡胶复合材料导热性能的数值模拟

运用随机顺序添加算法RSA(Random sequential addition method),基于均匀化理论建立了碳纤维填充橡胶复合材料代表体积单元RVE(Representative volume element)模型,利用有限元方法数值模拟研究了碳纤维对橡胶复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明:在相同的填充分数下,碳纤维根数对复合材料导热性能的影响较小;合理安排碳纤维空间分布及纤维取向能有效提高复合材料的导热性能;复合材料的导热性随着碳纤维填料含量及长径比的增加而增大;与理论模型相比,基于碳纤维填料随机分布模型所得模拟结果与实验值较接近,尤其在高填充分数时与实验值吻合较好,可以更好地预测纤维填料填充复合材料的导热性能,对制备具有高填充分数的高导热复合材料具有一定的指导意义。     

Computational analysis of the thermal conductivity of the carbon–carbon composite materials

Experimental data for carbon–carbon constituent materials are combined with a three-dimensional stationary heat-transfer finite element analysis to compute the average transverse and longitudinal thermal conductivities in carbon–carbon composites. Particular attention is given in elucidating the roles of various micro-structural defects such as de-bonded fiber/matrix interfaces, cracks and voids on thermal conductivity in these materials. In addition, the effect of the fiber precursor material is explored by analyzing PAN-based and pitch-based carbon fibers, both in the same type pitch-based carbon matrix. The finite element analysis is carried out at two distinct length scales: (a) a micro scale comparable with the diameter of carbon fibers and (b) a macro scale comparable with the thickness of carbon–carbon composite structures used in the thermal protection systems for space vehicles. The results obtain at room temperature are quite consistent with their experimental counterparts. At high temperatures, the model predicts that the contributions of gas-phase conduction and radiation within the micro-structural defects can significantly increase the transverse thermal conductivity of the carbon–carbon composites.     

一维高导热C/C复合材料的制备研究

以三种沥青作为基体前驱体, 实验室自制的AR中间相沥青基纤维为增强体, 通过500℃热压成型, 随后经炭化和石墨化处理制备出一维炭/炭(C/C)复合材料。研究了前驱体沥青种类和热处理温度对复合材料导热性能的影响, 并采用扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜对其石墨化样品的形貌和微观结构进行表征。结果表明; C/C复合材料在沿纤维轴向的室温热扩散系数和导热率均随热处理温度的升高而逐渐增大; 由AR沥青作为基体前驱体所制备的C/C复合材料具有更加明显的沿纤维轴向取向的石墨层状结构以及最好的导热性能, 其3000℃石墨化样品沿纤维轴向的室温热扩散系数和导热率分别达到594.5 mm²/s和734.4 W/(m·K)。     

碳纤维含量对短碳纤维－铜复合材料性能的影响

用粉末冶金法制造了碳纤维分布均匀的碳纤维一铜复合材料，测定了复合材料的力学性能和物理性能，表明在碳纤维与铜基体之间存在界面结合，碳纤维含量对复合材料性能影响极大。     

碳纤维含量对短碳纤维-铜复合材料性能的影响

用粉末冶金法制造了碳纤维分布均匀的碳纤维一铜复合材料,测定了复合材料的力学性能和物理性能,表明在碳纤维与铜基体之间存在界面结合,碳纤维含量对复合材料性能影响极大。     

Statistical continuum theory for the effective conductivity of fiber filled polymer composites: Effect of orientation distribution and aspect ratio

Effective conductivity of polymer composites, filled with conducting fibers such as carbon nanotubes, is studied using statistical continuum theory. The fiber orientation distribution in the matrix plays a very important role on their effective properties. To take into account their orientation, shape and distribution, two-point and three-point probability distribution functions are used. The effect of fibers orientation is illustrated by comparing the effective conductivity of microstructures with oriented and non-oriented fibers. The randomly oriented fibers result in an isotropic effective conductivity. The increased fiber orientation distribution can lead to higher anisotropy in conductivity. The effect of fiber’s aspect ratio on the effective conductivity is studied by comparing microstructures with varying degrees of fiber orientation distribution. Results show that the increase in anisotropy leads to higher conductivity in the maximum fiber orientation distribution direction and lower conductivity in the transverse direction. These results are in agreement with various models from the literature that show the increase of the aspect ratio of fibers improves the electrical and thermal conductivity.     

Characterization of fatigue behavior of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic (LFT) composites

Fatigue behavior of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (polypropylene/20 vol.% E-glass fiber) is presented in terms of stress – number of cycles to failure curves. Samples tested along longitudinal direction showed a higher fatigue life than the transverse samples which can be explained by the preferential orientation of the fibers along the longitudinal direction developed during the processing. Fatigue life decreased with increase in frequency. Hysteretic loss and temperature rise were measured; they depended on the stress amplitude as well as the cyclic frequency. Long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite showed a lower temperature rise compared to unreinforced PP because long fiber reinforced thermoplastic has higher thermal conductivity than unreinforced PP and thus faster heat dissipation to the surroundings occur. The hysteretic heating also led to decrease in the modulus of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic as a function of number of cycles due to the softening of the matrix during fatigue cycling and depended on stress amplitude and frequency of the test.     

Thermal conductivity of unidirectional copper matrix carbon fibre composites

The thermal conductivity of the unidirectional copper matrix–carbon fibre composite is characterised and analysed in directions parallel and transverse to the carbon fibre orientation. Unidirectional samples with different fibre content were produced by diffusion bonding of continuous copper-coated carbon fibre tows. The thermal diffusivity was measured in two main orientations to the fibre direction by the laser-flash technique. The longitudinal and transverse thermal conductivity was then calculated and results were compared with simple analytical models. Measurements revealed decreasing thermal conductivity as the fibre volume content in the composite increased and the transverse thermal conductivity of the unidirectional samples presented much lower values in comparison to the longitudinal one.     

Thermo-physical Properties of Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites

Continuous carbon fiber reinforced copper matrix composites with 70％(volume fraction)of carbon fibers prepared by squeeze casting technique have been used for investigation of the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)and thermal conductivity．Thermo-physical properties have been measured in both, longitudinal and transversal directions to the fiber orientation．The results showed that Cf／Cu composites may be a suitable candidate for heat sinks because of its good thermo-physical properties e．g．the low CTE(4.18×10-6／K)in longitudinal orientation and(14．98×10-6／K)in transversal orientation at the range of 20-50℃，a good thermal conductivity(87．2 W／m·K)in longitudinal orientation and(58．2 W／m·K)in transversal orientation．Measured CTE and thermal conductivity values are compared with those predicted by several well-known models．Eshelby model gave better results for prediction of the CTE and thermal conductivity of the unidirectional composites．