石墨烯-羰基铁粉线材的制备及其吸波性能分析

为了提高单一磁性吸波材料的吸波性能,以聚乳酸(PLA)作为基体材料,将磁性材料羰基铁粉(CIP)与石墨烯(RGO)进行复合,制备RGO-CIP/PLA复合材料。通过TG、XRD等多种测试手段对复合材料的结构、形貌等进行表征。同时使用矢量网络分析仪对复合材料的电磁参数进行测试,计算出不同厚度的吸波性能,研究了RGO的添加量对RGO-CIP/PLA复合材料的吸波性能影响。结果表明：当RGO质量分数为4wt%,CIP质量分数为20wt%时,RGO-CIP/PLA复合材料吸波性能最优;吸收厚度为3 mm时,达到了-27.25 dB最小的R_L值,同时其吸收带宽为2.922 GHz (7.227～10.149 GHz)。同时,随着其吸收厚度的增加,有效吸收带宽(R_L<-10 dB)会移动至较低的频带。     

活性碳纤维结构对电路屏复合材料吸波性能影响研究

采用二次活化活性碳纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)设计交错结构频率选择表面(FSS),并制备了吸波复合材料,采用SEM对碳纤维表面微观形貌进行观察,采用矢量网络分析仪对其微波反射和吸收性能进行了测试。结果表明,随着活化温度的升高,ACF的比表面积及孔径逐渐增大,孔深也逐渐增加。吸波性能随着活化温度的升高呈先增大后降低的趋势,当活化温度为750℃时的电路屏制备的复合材料吸波效果最好:在5.2~9.9 GHz有-10 d B以下的反射,最低反射衰减为-21.1 d B;ACF内部π电子的极化弛豫及纤维微观形貌对电磁波的散射损耗能够提高ACF电路屏复合材料吸波性能。     

复合材料中碳纤维的铺设方式对吸波性能的影响

实验采用东华大学自制的碳纤维作为吸波剂，在基体环氧树脂中平行排列，制备出了吸波复合材料。采用矢量网络分析仪在2~18GHz波段，对复合材料的吸波性能进行测试。结果表明：复合材料的吸波性能不仅与碳纤维含量有关，还与碳纤维在基体中的排列方式有关，当碳纤维含量为3．2％（质量分数）时，吸波复合材料最大反射衰减为-18．64dB，反射率〈-10dB的频率带宽为2．6GHz，同时采用电磁理论对材料的吸收机理进行了探讨。     

CIP/GF/CF/EP吸波复合材料的制备及力学性能

为制备兼具力学性能和电磁吸收性能的结构型吸波材料,采用真空辅助成型工艺设计制备一种以羰基铁粉(CIP)为吸收剂,玻璃纤维(GF)为透波层,碳纤维(CF)为反射层,环氧树脂(EP)为基体的吸波复合材料。研究了不同质量比CIP/EP对吸波复合材料力学性能和微波吸收性能的影响。通过FTIR和DSC分析可知CIP未与EP发生化学反应。SEM结果表明CIP能够在EP树脂基体中均匀分散,不趋向于纤维表面。力学测试分析结果显示:当CIP/EP质量比达到30%时,CIP/GF/CF/EP复合材料的力学性能最佳,拉伸强度为347.56MPa,拉伸模量为25.99GPa,较纯GF/CF/EP复合材料提升了4.3%和5.7%;弯曲强度为339.6MPa,弯曲模量为23.7GPa,较纯GF/CF/EP复合材料提升了18.2%和71.2%。矢量网络分析可知复合吸波板的吸波性能随CIP含量的增加而增加,且吸波损耗反射峰值朝低频段移动。     

碳纤维/铁硅铝复合材料的低频吸波性能

为获得吸波性能良好的吸波材料,将电阻型吸波剂碳纤维和磁损耗型吸波剂FeSiAl片状磁粉复合,以石蜡为基体,利用模压法制备出复合材料。采用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对单一吸波剂进行了测试分析。结果发现,片状FeSiAl磁粉的粒度在数十到几百微米之间;碳纤维表面留有活性物质,截面处能看到皮芯结构;XRD衍射图谱中,FeSiAl呈现出bcc结构。对复合吸波材料的电磁参数进行测量对比,结果表明,FeSiAl片状磁粉在1~3GHz内的最佳反射率达到-40.7dB,有效吸收频带宽度约为0.5GHz;当加入长度等于4mm,含量为0.4%(质量分数)的碳纤维时,碳纤维/铁硅铝复合材料吸波性能最佳,其反射率为-49.6dB,有效吸收频带宽度为1.0GHz;FeSiAl片状磁粉平行于吸波片表面排列时,材料的反射率减小,吸波性能增强。     

含SiC阵列改性涂层的新型SiC/Cf复合材料吸波性能研究

以葡萄糖、Si粉、碳纤维为原料, 采用化学镀结合高温烧结两步法制备了具有SiC阵列改性涂层的新型SiC/C_f复合材料。采用不同手段表征SiC/C_f复合材料的相组成、微观结构和吸波特性。结果表明: 碳纤维表面包覆大量结合紧密、垂直表面向外生长的SiC阵列, 且阵列分布均匀, 高度约为1.4 μm。当SiC/C_f复合材料厚度在1~2 mm范围内时, 随厚度增加, 最小反射损耗(RL_min)由高频向低频移动; 当厚度为1.8 mm时, 在8.31 GHz下的RL_min为-40.653 dB, 有效吸收带宽为1.11 GHz(RL < -10 dB); 当厚度为1.5 mm时, 有效吸收带宽可达2.42 GHz, 且厚度为1.3~1.8 mm时, RL_min均小于-20 dB。SiC阵列改性碳纤维新型SiC/C_f复合材料有望成为一种轻质高效的电磁波吸收材料。     

碳纤维-玻璃纤维混杂增强环氧树脂三维编织复合材料薄壁圆管压溃吸能特性与损伤机制

基于三维编织成型及真空辅助树脂传递成型技术,制备了编织纱和轴纱不同混杂方式(编织纱/轴纱:碳纤维-碳纤维(CF-CF)、碳纤维-玻璃纤维(CF-GF);玻璃纤维-碳纤维(GF-CF))增强环氧树脂(EP)的三类三维编织复合材料薄壁圆管,通过准静态轴向压溃及详细的破坏断面观察,研究了纤维混杂方式对薄壁圆管的能量吸收性能和破坏模式的影响。研究发现:CF-CF/EP样品的比能量吸收值分别比GF-CF/EP大36%,比CF-GF/EP大12%。编织纱为碳纤维时(CF-CF/EP及CF-GF/EP),圆管的破坏模式均为折叠破坏模式,编织纱采用碳纤维能有效地遏制中央裂纹的轴向扩展,折叠变形的三维结构内部发生了较多细小的微观破坏。而编织纱为玻璃纤维的GF-CF/EP,破坏模式则为开花内外弯曲式,中央裂纹产生,三维结构呈现分层并向圆管内外弯曲。      

短切中空多孔碳纤维复合材料的吸波性能

以中空多孔聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝为原料, 通过预氧化处理和碳化处理工艺制备了中空多孔碳纤维, 采用SEM和XRD对其微观结构和晶体结构进行了表征, 并对其吸波性能进行了分析. 研究结果表明, 中空多孔碳纤维是一种非石墨结构的电损耗型雷达波吸收剂; 随着短切中空多孔碳纤维体积分数的提高, 随机分布的纤维/石蜡复合吸波材料的介电常数随之增大; 用所得的电磁参数结果计算了不同厚度材料的反射率, 在2～18GHz频率范围内, 当体积分数为33.30%, 厚度为2mm时, 最低反射率为-21.36dB, 其中<-5dB的反射率带宽为5.17GHz, <-10dB的反射率带宽为2.88GHz.     

制备工艺对活性碳纤维微观结构和吸波性能的影响

以粘胶纤维为原料,通过碳化、活化处理工艺制备活性碳纤维,采用XRD对其微观结构进行表征,并对其吸波性能进行测试,分析了纤维的微观结构与吸波性能的关系。结果表明,制备工艺对活性碳纤维的微观结构和吸波性能有较大影响。在其它工艺参数保持不变的条件下,随碳化温度的升高,活性碳纤维的石墨化程度和吸波性能均先提高后降低;随活化时间的延长,活性碳纤维内部结构趋向不规整化,对电磁波的损耗能力增强。在活化时间为18min、活化温度为900℃、碳化时间为60min、碳化温度为425℃条件下制备的活性碳纤维的吸波性能最佳,含0.6%(质量分数)纤维的树脂基复合材料在6.3～13.4GHz频率范围内对电磁波有-10dB以下的吸收,在8.5GHz时取得的最大反射衰减为-27.3dB。     

碳纤维(碳毡)/树脂复合吸波材料的研究

分别研究了平铺排布的碳毡和单向排布的碳纤维类吸波复合材料的微波吸收特性。结果表明:单向排布的聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的吸波性能与纤维的排布间距和纤维含量密切相关。本实验条件下可获得有效带宽大于3 GHz,10 dB以下的反射衰减。平铺排布碳毡的吸波性能随碳毡含量的影响较大,含量0.27 wt%时,在8 GHz~18 GHz 频段获得90 %以上的吸收率。     

Microwave absorption properties of FSS-impacted composites as a broadband microwave absorber

The development of a cost-effective microwave absorber with wide bandwidth corresponding to reflection loss (RL)?≤??10 dB is still a very challenging task. A sugarcane bagasse-based agricultural waste composite has been analyzed for its elemental contents. The combination of elements is suitable for its possible usage as a cost-effective microwave absorbing material. Therefore, this composite has been subjected to morphological and electromagnetic studies to analyze its microwave absorbing behavior. The frequency dependent complex dielectric permittivity and complex magnetic permeability values were obtained using a transmission/reflection waveguide approach in the X-band. Furthermore, the effect of the Minkowski loop frequency selective surface (FSS) was studied over the absorption capability of the composite. It was found that the application of FSS leads to a reduction in thickness up to 2.9 mm and an enhancement in absorption bandwidth up to 3.6 GHz. The FSS patterned composite shows a remarkable performance with peak RL of ?28.4 dB at 10.7 GHz and absorption bandwidth of 3.6 GHz.     

Electromagnetic characteristic and microwave absorbing performance of different carbon-based hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber composites

Hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (HNBR) was mixed with carbon fiber (CF), conductive carbon black (CCB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to prepare microwave absorbing composites, their complex permittivity was measured in microwave frequencies (2–18 GHz), and their electromagnetic characteristics and microwave absorbing performance were studied. The real part and imaginary part of permittivity of the composites increased with increasing carbon filler loading, showing dependency on filler type. The microwave reflection loss of the composites also depended on the loading and type of fillers. The matching thickness of the absorber layer decreased with increasing permittivity, while the matching frequency decreased with increasing layer thickness. The minimum reflection loss was −49.3 dB for HNBR/MWCNT (100/10) composite, while −13.1 dB for HNBR/CCB (100/15) composite and −7.1 dB for HNBR/CF (100/30) composite. The efficient microwave absorption of HNBR/MWCNT composites is accounted from high conduction loss and dielectric relaxation of MWCNT, and strong interface scattering.     

单壁碳纳米管-CoFe2O4双层复合材料的微波吸收特性

通过直流电弧放电法制备了高结晶性单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）,采用溶胶凝胶自燃法制备CoFe₂O₄,并将两种材料复合制成SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层吸波材料。使用Raman光谱、XRD、SEM、TEM和矢量网络分析仪对SWCNTs和CoFe₂O₄的形貌、结构和电磁性能进行了表征,并利用传输线理论分析了SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层吸波材料在2~18 GHz频带内的微波吸收性能。结果表明,相对于单一材料,SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层复合材料的吸波性能得到了极大提高。当CoFe₂O₄作为匹配层、SWCNTs作为吸收层时,通过调节匹配层和吸收层的厚度,SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层复合材料的最强反射损耗可以达到-61.13 dB,低于-10 dB的吸收带宽达到7 GHz （8~15 GHz）。因此,SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层复合材料是一种新型的有应用前景的高吸收宽频带吸波材料。     

Microwave absorbing properties of activated carbon fibre polymer composites

Microwave absorption of composites containing activated carbon fibres (ACFs) was investigated. The results show that the absorptivity greatly depends on increasing ACF content in the absorbing layer, first increasing and then decreasing. When the content is 0·76 wt.%, the bandwidth below −10dB is 12·2 GHz. Comparing the absorption characteristics of the ACF composite with one containing unactivated fibres, it is found that carbon fibre activation increases the absorption of the composite.     

Lightweight multi-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper/glass fiber–epoxy composites for strong electromagnetic interference shielding and efficient microwave absorption

Multi-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper (BP) reinforced glass fiber–epoxy (GF/EP) composites were selected to fabricate electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and microwave absorbing materials. Six different composite configurations with 3.0 mm thick have been conceived and tested over the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). Flexible and low-density (0.29 g/cm³) BP provided a high specific EMI SE of 76 dB with controlled electrical conductivity. GF/EP/BP₁₁₁ and GF/EP/BP₁₀₁ composites possess EMI SE as high as of 50–60 dB, which can be attributed to the number of BP inserted and variation in the wave-transmitting layer of the laminates. Furthermore, the shielding mechanism was discussed and suggested that the absorption was the dominant contribution to EMI SE. GF/EP/BP₁₁₀ laminate demonstrated suitable EMI performance (~?20 dB), whereas GF/EP/BP₀₁₁ composite revealed excellent microwave performance, achieving an effective ? 10 dB bandwidth of 3.04 GHz and minimum reflection loss (RL) value of ? 21.16 dB at 10.37 GHz. On the basis of these results, GF/EP/BP composites prepared in this work have potential applications as both EMI shielding and microwave absorber materials given their facile preparation and lightweight use.

     

C/SiO2同轴复合纤维的制备及性能研究

以SiO₂溶胶为壳层,聚丙烯腈(PAN)溶液为芯层,采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了PAN/SiO₂同轴复合纤维. 经过预氧化,炭化处理,得到1μm的C/SiO₂同轴复合纤维. 采用傅立叶红外分析仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)表征了同轴纤维结构和纤维截面形貌,表明利用同轴静电纺丝技术在碳纤维上制备了厚度约20nm的SiO₂涂层. 采用网络分析仪研究了同轴复合纤维的吸波性能,纤维质量分数为20％时,同轴复合纤维介电常数实部和虚部均比未涂层碳纤维低. 根据电磁参数采用RAMCAD软件计算了3mm厚材料反射率,在2～18GHz频率范围内,材料的最低反射率达到-17dB,对应的频率为12GHz,<-10dB的带宽为3.3GHz. 热重(DTA-TG)分析表明同轴复合纤维的抗氧化性能较未涂层碳纤维有所提高.     

Preparation of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/CF composites for enhanced microwave absorbing performance

To meet the demand of electromagnetic absorption, cheap and easily available microwave absorbents are urgently required. As an important functional material, carbon fibers (CFs) have been widely reported, however, too high conductivity easily leads to the impedance mismatch, which is not favorable to the microwave absorbing performance (MAP). To address this challenge, in this study, novel TiO₂/Fe₃O₄/CF composites with tunable magnetic were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS and VSM. As absorbents, the minimum reflection loss (R_L) value is ??41.52 dB at a thickness of 2.1 mm, and the corresponding bandwidth with effective attenuation (R_L?<???10 dB) is up to 5.65 GHz (4.54–10.19 GHz). More importantly, the plausible mechanisms for the enhanced MAP are explored.     

Ferromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of copper oxide/cobalt/carbon fiber multilayer film composites

The copper oxide/cobalt/carbon fiber multilayer film composites were synthesized by thermal oxidation route. In order to investigate the intrinsic reasons for microwave absorption properties of absorbers, the complex permittivity, complex permeability and the microwave absorption properties of composites were studied in the 1-18 GHz range. The strongest reflectivity loss (RL) of microwave absorber was further enhanced to − 42.7 dB (microwave absorption rate > 99.9%) at 10.8 GHz for a layer of 2.0 mm thickness, and the strong absorption (RL < − 10 dB) was obtained between 8.72 and 18 GHz for the thickness of 1.3-2.2 mm. The results indicated that the dielectric loss and magnetic loss led to the excellent microwave absorption property of CuO/Co/CF composites. It is believed to be ideal for making a lightweight, strong absorption and wide-frequency microwave absorbing material.