热管在平板式太阳能集热器中的应用研究

从集热器结构、传热效率、工艺、优缺点等方面详细介绍了3种常见的热管平板式太阳能集热器,它们包括蜂窝热管平板式、真空玻璃盖板热管平板式、CPC热管平板式太阳能集热器。与普通热管平板式集热器相比,3种改良方式均可降低集热器热损失,有效提高集热效率。通过对不同种类热管平板式太阳能集热器的热管种类、工作温度、结构参数等分析,发现随着温度升高,集热器集热效率下降,以及热管蒸发段长度普遍大于冷凝段长度等现象。     

平板型太阳能空气集热器的应用分析

本文通过对平板型太阳能空气集热器的理论分析,介绍不同的空气流道厚度、空气流速对空气集热器的散热损失及瞬时效率的影响,为优化设计太阳能空气集热器提供一定的设计依据。     

两种集中式太阳能集热器集热效率对比研究

针对真空管式和平板式两种使用最多的太阳能集热器开展研究,选取两种系统对其效果进行实测,并对TRNSYS模拟软件的模拟结果进行验证,然后对两种集热系统在不同太阳能辐射区间进行典型日集热效率模拟,进而进行全年辐射和温度条件下进行模拟。结果显示,条件相同情况下,无论典型日还是全年平均值,平板式集热器集热效率均高于真空管式。平板式太阳能热水系统为47. 1%,而真空管式太阳能热水系统的全年平均集热效率为42. 9%;同种条件下,在有太阳辐射时,室外温度对平板式太阳能集热器集热效率有影响,但影响不大。     

太阳能平板集热器关键参数对其热性能的影响

为了提升太阳能在建筑能源供给体系中的比重,形式多样的太阳能集热设备及其系统在建筑领域得到了广泛应用。基于机理分析法,建立了具有单层玻璃盖板的管板式太阳能平板集热器的稳态传热模型。并且针对集热管间距、集热管内径、工质入口温度和工质质量流量等关键参数对集热器集热效率的影响特性进行了数值模拟与分析。结果表明,建立的该稳态传热模型是可行的;此外,在其余参数值保持不变的情况下,减小集热管间距或增加集热管内径均可使集热器瞬时效率增大;增大工质入口温度会导致集热器瞬时效率下降;而增大工质质量流量会提升集热器瞬时效率。这些结论对于太阳能平板集热器在太阳能建筑一体化的实际应用中,具有一定的参考作用。     

多孔盖板型太阳能平板空气集热器热性能模拟

建立多孔盖板型太阳能平板空气集热器的数值计算模型,利用已有实验数据验证模型的准确性。基于该数值模型研究单位面积系统风量、太阳辐射照度和集热层吸收率对集热器热性能的影响。结果表明,多孔盖板型太阳能平板空气集热器的热性能较普通平板集热器有明显改善。系统风量增大,集热效率相应地增大,而空气通过集热器的压力降也会迅速增大,从而造成系统风机耗电量增加,所以应综合考虑系统的热性能和风机耗电量,合理选择系统风量。空气温升随太阳辐射照度增大而升高,并且接近线性增长,集热效率随着辐射照度增大呈缓慢下降趋势。集热效率随着集热层吸收率增大而显著增大,且接近线性增长。     

两种新型太阳能空气集热器热性能研究

研究两种采用冲缝吸热板的渗透式太阳能空气集热器,对Ⅱ型集热器建立传热数学模型,模拟结果与实测结果吻合较好,验证数学模型可以作为理论研究的基础。分别模拟研究结构参数、运行参数对两种集热器热性能的影响。当集热器空腔内空气来源于室外环境时,两种集热器的集热效率均随太阳辐射照度的增大而增加,均随室外风速和环境温度的增大而减小;Ⅰ型集热器的集热效率随太阳辐射照度、室外风速和环境温度的变化率高于Ⅱ型集热器;当玻璃盖板透过率大于0.69时,Π型集热器的集热效率高于Ⅰ型集热器。     

L型翅片式太阳能平板双效集热器集热性能数值模拟研究

为提高太阳能双效集热器的集热效率,本文对传统平板式太阳能双效集热器和L型翅片式集热器进行数值模拟,对比分析空气集热模式和空气-水复合集热模式的传热特性,并研究空气和水的流量以及翅片高度对L型翅片式双效集热器瞬时集热效率的影响。结果表明:当空气质量流量为0. 016kg/s,水质量流量为0. 018 kg/s时,L型翅片式双效集热器集热效率比传统平板式集热效率提高了9%;集热器中水瞬时集热效率和空气的瞬时集热效率存在相互制约的关系,但随着空气质量流量或者水质量流量的增加,集热器瞬时效率均有所提高;增加翅片高度可以有效的提高集热器的集热效率。     

正弦型肋片太阳能空气集热器的数值模拟

本文提出了一种正弦型肋片太阳能空气集热器,采用三因素三水平的正交试验法,对不同肋片参数的模型进行数值模拟,得出最优肋片参数组合为:波纹幅值15mm,波纹周期100 mm和肋片高度45 mm.研究表明:在10时至15时的典型工况下,太阳辐射照度变化集热效率的影响较小.空气流量在0.03～O.08kg/s范围内,相较平板型肋片太阳能空气集热器,正弦型肋片太阳能空气集热器的平均集热效率高约4.9％、热迁移因子高约0.045,其热损系数则降低0.112 W/(m2·K),表明优化后太阳能空气集热器具有较高的集热性能和较低的热损失.     

直通式真空管太阳能空气集热器的实验研究

研究了一种新型的直通式多根真空管空气集热器装置,包括直通式(两端开口)真空集热管和上下分集管。直通式真空管太阳能空气集热器安装在南墙的外面,室内空气进入集热器,加热后送回房间,实现了太阳能供暖,不需要风机或者水泵,简单可靠。搭建了试验台并测试了冬季供暖时的热性能。通过实验得出,该装置集热效率最高的点出现在14:00,集热效率为51%,其集热效率最低的点出现在16:00,集热效率为46%,全天的总效率为36.3%,具有较高的热效率。     

建筑一体化太阳能热水系统运行综合评价

针对上海市生态住宅示范楼中的家用太阳能热水系统的瞬时热效率进行了实验测量,并通过全年不同季节的长期跟踪测试,分别对雨蓬一体化和阳台挂板一体化真空管式集热器这两种安装形式的热水系统的瞬时效率和日平均效率进行了测试,对比实际运行效果,分析影响集热效率的关键因素,从而探讨上海地区太阳能热水系统建筑一体化利用的可行性。     

带遮阳百叶热通道幕墙的热工数学模型

介绍了带遮阳百叶的热通道玻璃幕墙的简单数学模型。该幕墙由外侧单层玻璃幕墙和内侧中空玻璃幕墙组成热通道,通道中内置遮阳百叶以减少太阳能透射得热。在夏热地区,空气在通道中被太阳辐射加热,处于自然通风状态之下。列出了稳态条件下系统的热平衡方程,通过线性矩阵求解了太阳辐射和外界环境温度分别改变时,两个玻璃和通道内两个空气层及百叶的平均温度。计算模拟表明,内置遮阳百叶的热通道幕墙的内层中空玻璃的外表面温度较传统单层幕墙的表面温度有明显降低;与无遮阳百叶的热通道幕墙相比,室内透射得热量有很大减少,传热系数也比中空玻璃和无遮阳百叶的热通道幕墙有显著降低。     

Experimental energy and exergy analysis of a double-flow solar air heater having different obstacles on absorber plates

This paper presents an experimental energy and exergy analysis for a novel flat plate solar air heater (SAH) with several obstacles and without obstacles. For increasing the available heat-transfer area may be achieved if air is flowing simultaneously and separately over and under the different obstacle absorbing plates, instead of only flowing either over or under the different obstacle absorbing plates, leading to improved collector efficiency. The measured parameters were the inlet and outlet temperatures, the absorbing plate temperatures, the ambient temperature, and the solar radiation. Further, the measurements were performed at different values of mass flow rate of air and different levels of absorbing plates in flow channel duct. After the analysis of the results, the optimal value of efficiency is middle level of absorbing plate in flow channel duct for all operating conditions and the double-flow collector supplied with obstacles appears significantly better than that without obstacles. At the end of this study, the exergy relations are delivered for different SAHs. The results show that the largest irreversibility is occurring at the flat plate (without obstacles) collector in which collector efficiency is smallest.     

太阳集热墙通道中气流速度场与温度场的协同性探讨

为了有效提高太阳能的热利用率,本文运用对流换热场协同理论对太阳集热墙通道中的气流速度场和温度场进行了研究,探讨了通道内温度梯度的方向和气流速度比(u/v)对场协同角及对流换热贡献率的影响规律。研究得出:太阳集热墙通道中的场协同性主要取决于集热墙板的形状和通道中气流的输运工况,改善集热墙板的形状可形成有益于对流换热的温度梯度方向角(θ);当θ一定时(θ≠0°),随着气流速度比的增加,对换热的贡献亦增加,且θ越大,效果越明显。由此提出了优化太阳集热墙集热板的思路,设计了一种带孔折型集热板的太阳墙系统并进行了实验验证。     

Thermal performance analysis of the glass evacuated tube solar collector with U-tube

In this paper, based on the energy balance for the glass evacuated tube solar collector with U-tube, the thermal performance of the individual glass evacuated tube solar collector is investigated by analytical method. The solar collector considered in this study is a two-layered glass evacuated tube, and the absorber film is deposited in the outer surface of the absorber tube. The heat loss coefficient and heat efficiency factor are analyzed using one-dimensional analytical solution. And the influence of air layer between the absorber tube and the copper fin on the heat efficiency is also studied. The results show that the function relation of the heat loss coefficient of the glass evacuated tube solar collector with temperature difference between the absorbing coating surface and the ambient air is nonlinear. In the different ambient temperatures, the heat loss coefficient of the solar collector should be calculated by different expressions. The heat efficiency factor will be subject to influence of air layer between absorber tube and the copper fin. Specially, the influence is remarkable when the heat loss coefficient of the collector is large. When the synthetical conductance amounts to 5 W/m K, the solar collector efficiency decreases 10%, and the outlet fluid temperature decreases 16% compared with the case which the air thermal resistance is neglected. And the surface temperature of the absorbing coating increases 30 °C due to the effect of air thermal resistance. So the surface temperature of the absorbing coating is an important parameter to evaluate the thermal performance of the glass evacuated tube solar collector.     

夏热地区热通道玻璃幕墙的热工数学模型

本文介绍了热通道玻璃幕墙的简单数学模型。模型的物理概念和Trombe墙相似。该幕墙由外侧单层和内层中空玻璃组成热通道。列出稳态状态下热通道的热平衡方程,通过线性矩阵求解了两个玻璃和通道内空气的半均温度,并使用热阻网络表达在太阳辐射条件下,热通道的传热过程。计算机模拟表明,夏热地区热通道幕墙内层中空玻璃的外表面温度较传统幕墙的表面温度有明显降低,由太阳透射引起的房间得热也有较大减少。     

Numerical simulation of the performance of an air heating solar collector

The effects of the thermal and hydrodynamics entry length for both laminar and turbulent flow regimes within an air-heating solar collector have been studied using a numerical procedure. Two internal arrangements were considered: (1) air passing on both sides of the absorber (parallel flow), and (2) use of finned and other augmented surfaces.

Results of the analysis showed that the temperatures of the cover plates for the parallel flow collector were lower than if the air had passed on only one side of the absorber plate (single flow). Consequently, the heat losses were reduced and the efficiency of the parallel flow collector was increased. Also the pumping power per unit energy gained by the collector for parallel flow mode was less than that for the single flow mode. By using a finned surface, the temperatures of the cover plates were lower than for single and parallel flow and consequently the heat losses were reduced and the efficiency of the finned surface collector was increased. But in this case, the pumping power per unit energy gained by the collector and operating costs also increased.     

太阳墙式空气集热器的供暖试验研究

介绍了一种用于普通建筑物供暖的太阳墙式空气集热器。对集热器在竖直放置时,自然对流和强迫对流方式下的集热效率进行了试验测试,强迫对流方式下的平均集热效率为60.6%。采用风机强迫对流为普通建筑物供暖,可基本满足冬季室内温度的要求。     

U型管式全玻璃真空管太阳集热器的热性能

在U型管式全玻璃真空管集热器能量平衡分析的基础上，推导了集热器热损系数、效率因子等性能参数计算公式，其理论计算结果与实验数据吻合良好。计算分析表明：真空管热损系数与吸热管温和环境温度之差是非线性关系，将两者的计算关系式按环境温度分段整理将使计算结果更接近实际;涂层发射比对集热器效率影响较大，降低涂层发射比是提高集热器效率的有效途径;采取适当的措施降低吸热管与肋片接触热阻后，采用U型管连接方式不会对热水系统集热器效率造成太大影响。     

Experimental study and analysis of air heating system using a parabolic trough solar collector

An experimental study of air heating system was carried out using a parabolic trough collector with a U-tube aluminium heat exchanger. An evacuated tube placed at the focal length of the parabolic trough collected the solar radiations reflected from the surface of parabolic trough. The air was used as a working fluid, which was heated by passing it through a U-shaped aluminium heat exchanger placed inside the evacuated tube. It was found that efficiency of the parabolic trough collector depends on the mass flow rate, solar intensity and use of fins. It was observed that by using fins at a high mass flow rate of 4.557?kg/h, the maximum temperature of 126°C was achieved which is 13.27% more than the maximum temperature obtained without fins. Furthermore, for a low-mass-flow rate of 1.69?kg/h, the maximum temperature obtained was 149°C.