基于顺流气化热解技术的秸秆气化工程研究与应用

简要论述了秸秆等农业废弃物气化利用的工艺过程与设备。基于顺流气化热解技术,开发了秸秆气化与集中供气工程,系统运行良好。对秸秆气化工程的应用推广关键问题进行了探讨。     

秸秆气化集中供气技术在农村地区的应用

针对我国农村地区作物秸秆大量剩余，既浪费资源，又污染环境，文章通过秸秆气化集中供气技术应用实例，介绍秸秆气化原理，秸秆气化集中供气系统组成和以稻秆为原料的秸秆气化集中供气工程运行结果，并作简要分析，旨在为我国南方地区开发利用生物质能提供新的途径。     

秸秆气化集中供气项目运行经验及其问题探讨

以中国秸秆气化第一村--东潘村为研究案例,通过多层面调查分析,总结出了秸秆气化项目失败的原因：①村集体经济无法承受项目的长期无盈利运行;②秸秆气化的村级管理方式无法与项目所需的管理模式相匹配;③供气时间受限制;④部分农户负担不起等.采用Probit模型对农户选择秸秆气化装置的影响因素进行了综合评价,结果表明：农户了解使用化石能源的环境危害以及从事非农工作对采用气化装置具有促进作用;使用不方便、气化燃气价格高以及前期同类项目的失败对农户采用气化装置产生负面影响.通过综合分析使社会对秸秆气化项目形成客观公正的认识.在此基础上,探讨了秸秆气化项目持续健康发展需要注意和解决的一些问题.     

秸秆气化集中供气系统安全事故分析

秸秆气化集中供气技术是近几年发展的一项新能源利用技术,目前在全国各地已有近千(台)套集中供气系统建成运行。我国是一个农业大国,每年产生大量的农作物秸秆,该项技术的推广应用对可再生能源利用、改善居住及大气环境、优化农村能源结构、改变农民生活方式、提高农民生活质量均具有重大意义,但推广中出现的一些安全问题应引起各方面的高度重视。下面以近几年来发生的较为典型的几起事故为例,对秸秆气化集中供气系统的安全运行进行分析,以期达到提高警觉、确保该项事业健康有序发展的目的。事故一:储气柜爆炸伤人北方某省的一处秸秆气化集…     

莱州秸秆气化集中供气示范项目考察报告

为了促进农村能源的高效清洁利用,改善农村的生产生活条件,1998年底,在原国家计委的支持下,莱州市组织开展了50个村的秸秆气化集中供气(简称秸秆气化)示范工程建设.近期,我们对莱州秸秆气化项目的运行情况进行了考察,现将有关情况汇总如下:     

加强管理 注重培训

本刊讯犦俗话说：三分建七分管，秸秆气化工程的建设和运行也是如此。最近，辽宁省桓仁县组织了一次气化站管理人员的培训班。辽宁省能源研究所和桓仁县能源办的技术人员讲解了生物质气化技术原理、操作规程和安全注意事项，并到气化站现场进行了具体指导。目前，该县６处秸秆气化站都在正常运行。加强管理 注重培训     

莱州秸秆气化集中供气示范项目考察报告

为了促进农村能源的高效清洁利用，改善农村的生产生活条件，1998年底，在原国家计委的支持下，莱州市组织开展了50个村的秸秆气化集中供气（简称秸秆气化）示范工程建设。近期，我们对莱州秸秆气化项目的运行情况进行了考察。     

莱州秸秆气化集中供气示范项目考察报告

为了促进农村能源的高效清洁利用,改善农村的生产生活条件,1998年底,在原国家计委的支持下,莱州市组织开展了50个村的秸秆气化集中供气（简称秸秆气化）示范工程建设.近期,我们对莱州秸秆气化项目的运行情况进行了考察,现将有关情况汇总如下.     

60kW两段式秸秆气化炉运行特性

研究了上海交通大学热能研究所研制的60kW两段式秸秆气化炉的运行特性.以秸秆为原料在该气化炉上实验,考察原料量、空气过量系数对气化炉生产能力和碳转化率以及气化效率的影响,并分析了气化气成分及热值.数据表明该气化炉各项参数均优于一般固定床气化炉:原料消耗量为100kg/h,ER=0.35时,秸秆气化气平均热值为6599.6010/m~3,产气率为1.88m~3/kg,碳转化率为91.3%,气化效率为84.6%.     

高寒地区应用秸秆气化集中供气技术初探

秸秆气化集中供气是一项改善农民生活条件、提高生活质量、综合利用生物质资源的农村能源新技术。近几年,全国各地相继建成了 200多家秸秆气化站,为农村地区的发展做出了贡献。现就秸秆气化集中供气技术在黑龙江省的推广应用情况和存在的问题做一介绍,以供参考。 1秸秆气化集中供气技术应用推广情况 　　黑龙江省从 1997年开始进行秸秆气化技术试点,到 2001年初,全省共建秸秆气化站 13处,已有 4 000多农户用上了秸秆燃气。绥化市西长发镇和平村秸秆气化站是我省建成的第一处秸秆气化站。该气化站采用山东省科学院能源研究所研制的 XF…     

生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电系统智能优化

从系统能量分配和平衡的角度,简化了生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电系统的数学模型.简要介绍了非线性规划和遗传算法的基本原理,并用这2种算法对该联合循环发电系统的目标函数进行智能寻优.运行结果表明：基于Matlab平台的非线性规划和遗传算法有共同的优点,都可以避免繁重的编程工作.与非线性规划理论相比,遗传算法具有较好的寻优搜索能力和直观性.     

750 kW生物质燃料下吸式气化炉的设计

目前推广的生物质气化集中供气系统的用户规模大都在100—200户左右．这种小型的供气系统只能满足单一的炊事用气需求，而且系统的单位建设成本高。下吸式气化炉是生物质气化集中供气系统中的核心设备，建设中等规模的生物质气化集中供气系统的关键技术是对下吸式气化炉进行设计，文中介绍了750kW生物质燃料下吸式气化炉的设计过程。     

Mathematical modeling of gasification of high‐ash Indian coals in moving bed gasification system

Simulation of gasification of high‐ash Indian coal in an updraft moving bed gasification system is presented in this paper. A steady one‐dimensional numerical model, which takes into account of drying, devolatilization, combustion and gasification processes, is used to solve the mass and energy balances in the gasification system. The results from the model have been validated against the experimental data available in literature for various types of coals. The predicted product gas composition, its calorific value and the exit temperature are in agreement with the reported results. The validated model is used to study the effect of input parameters such as oxygen content in air stream, steam flow rates and the pressure of the gasification system. Results indicate that the value of oxygen mole fraction around 0.42 in the oxidizer stream can provide optimum performance in oxygen‐based gasification systems. There is a range of steam‐to‐coal ratio that is dependent on the oxygen content in oxidizer stream. For air‐based systems, this value is around 0.4 and for oxygen‐based systems it is 1.5. The gasification performance improves with operating pressure significantly. An operating pressure of around 8 bar and higher, based on the application, can be used for achieving the required performance with high‐ash coals. The model is useful for predicting the performance of high‐ash Indian coals in a moving bed gasification system under different operating parameters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生物质高温空气气化分析、现状及前景

本文概述了我国发展生物质高温空气气化的必要性，对生物质高温空气气化的思想由来、系统组成、工作原理及过程进行了详细地介绍，并且阐述了生物质高温空气气化系统的基本特性；对国内外生物质利用技术的现状及前景进行了介绍，并对国内外生物质高温空气气化开发现状及前景进行了阐述。     

基于旋风渣膜气化炉的潞安烟煤煤气化特性实验研究

气流床气化技术是当前主流的煤气化技术,而已有的气流床气化炉一般采用悬浮气化,气化强度难以继续提高.通过在自主设计的旋风渣膜气化炉实验系统上,对潞安烟煤的旋风渣膜气化特性进行了实验研究,主要研究了运行负荷、蒸汽煤比对气化炉的气化温度、冷煤气效率、碳转化率等气化特性参数的影响规律.实验结果表明:潞安烟煤在旋风渣膜气化炉中具...     

燃煤气的闭式STIG循环中气化系统能量转化效率的研究

针对燃煤气的闭式ＳＴＩＧ循环,给出气化系统能量转化效率的计算式,计算三种典型气化炉分别采用高温干法和常温湿法净化系统的能量转化效率,同时分析能量转化效率对整个循环系统效率的影响。     

Performance simulation and thermodynamics analysis of hydrogen production based on supercritical water gasification of coal

The heating method of SCWG reactor is critical to system construction, and almost all existing reactors rely on external heat sources. In this article, the thermodynamic equilibrium model is established to predict the distribution of gasification products from supercritical water gasification of coal. The transformation rule of gas components in the SCWG process of coal and oxidation process of gasification products is explored. Especially, the influence of key parameters such as feedstock concentration, gasification temperature and pressure on the hydrogen yield during the gasification and oxidation processes is also discussed. Based on the above research, the autothermal gasification system for hydrogen production integrated supercritical water gasification of coal and oxidation of gasification products is proposed. The flow matching of supercritical water, coal slurry, and oxygen and its effect on the autothermal hydrogen yield are discussed. By optimizing the flow rate of the reactants, 80% of the hydrogen production efficiency is achieved.     

A review on plasma gasification for solid waste disposal

In this paper a brief review on plasma gasification as a new technology for solid waste disposal is presented. Plasma gasification systems can handle not only biomass but also harmful wastes which can be completely converted into outputs having considerable amounts of useful energy content. There are a variety of plasma gasification systems which have different design and operation characteristics with the utilization of a great range of fuels. The operation and performance evaluation of a plasma gasification system in turn is specified by the required outputs. There is a need for a common approach as a function of fuel, system and process characteristics. Furthermore thermodynamic analysis of plasma gasification process is still one of the current research topics due to the missing general theoretical treatment and terminology compatible for all of the systems. A critical analysis on the available literature in this respect provides a solid contribution to the state of art. An experimental research on the design and performance of a plasma gasification system “MCw gasifier” is on site to fill the determined major gaps of the literature which are outlined in this paper.     

Studies of biomass fuelled MCFC systems

In the present work, the methods, techniques and results obtained during the studies of biomass fuelled molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) systems within the Swedish national fuel cell program are presented. The power plants are 60 MW class, utilising biomass (i.e. wood chips) as the primary fuel. The biomass is converted via pressurised gasification into a gaseous form that, after subsequent cleaning, can be used in the fuel cells. An investigation of the effects of gasification pressure, temperature and the influence of internal reforming on the overall system performance is presented.All studies were carried out using the Aspen Plus™ with Model Manager™ simulation package.     

Exergy analysis of biomass-to-synthetic natural gas (SNG) process via indirect gasification of various biomass feedstock

This paper presents an exergy analysis of SNG production via indirect gasification of various biomass feedstock, including virgin (woody) biomass as well as waste biomass (municipal solid waste and sludge). In indirect gasification heat needed for endothermic gasification reactions is produced by burning char in a separate combustion section of the gasifier and subsequently the heat is transferred to the gasification section. The advantages of indirect gasification are no syngas dilution with nitrogen and no external heat source required. The production process involves several process units, including biomass gasification, syngas cooler, cleaning and compression, methanation reactors and SNG conditioning. The process is simulated with a computer model using the flow-sheeting program Aspen Plus. The exergy analysis is performed for various operating conditions such as gasifier pressure, methanation pressure and temperature. The largest internal exergy losses occur in the gasifier followed by methanation and SNG conditioning. It is shown that exergetic efficiency of biomass-to-SNG process for woody biomass is higher than that for waste biomass. The exergetic efficiency for all biomass feedstock increases with gasification pressure, whereas the effects of methanation pressure and temperature are opposite for treated wood and waste biomass.