铝/钛异种合金激光熔钎焊接头特性

以C02激光为热源，以A1Si12焊丝为填充材料，对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金和5056铝合金异种材料激光熔钎焊进行研究，采用SEM、EDS、XRD和金相显微镜分析接头的微观结构特征，通过拉伸实验评定接头的力学性能。研究结果表明：所得接头具有熔焊和钎焊双重性质，即铝母材局部熔化，为熔化焊，而钛母材与焊缝金属之间存在金属间化合物层钎焊界面；钎焊界面上部的金属间化合物层组成复杂，可分为2层，即呈针状或芽状的Ti-Al-Si系金属间化合物层和以Ti-Al系金属间化合物为主的连续层；钎焊界面下部的金属间化合物层较薄；拉伸试样断裂倾向于发生在紧邻钎焊界面的焊缝上，平均抗拉强度为298．5MPa。     

The role of rotation speed on intermetallic compounds formation and mechanical behavior of friction stir welded brass/aluminum 1050 couple

In this paper, the intermetallic compounds formation during dissimilar friction stir welding of brass to aluminum 1050 and its effect on the mechanical behavior of joint were studied. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction analysis were used to characterize intermetallics. In addition, tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to evaluate mechanical properties. The results showed that utilizing rotation speeds higher than 400 rpm leads to gradual formation of intermetallic compounds in the stir zone and at the interface. CuAl₂ is the dominant compound in the composite structure of the stir zone, whereas four intermetallic bands are detected at the interface. From aluminum to brass, two middle layers were formed. Then, CuAl₂, Cu₉Al₄ and CuZn were detected. The increase in rotation speed is accompanied by thickening and development of interfacial intermetallic compounds. The optimum rotation speed of 450 rpm yielded a narrow interfacial intermetallic compound and a lamellar composite structure within the stir zone which enhances the tensile strength of the weld. On the other hand, further increase of rotation speed lowers the tensile strength of the weld which is accompanied by disappearance of lamellar composite structure, increment of weld defects and thickening of interfacial intermetallic layer.     

Effect of immersion Ni plating on interface microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu bimetal

A nickel-based coating was deposited on the pure Al substrate by immersion plating, and the Al/Cu bimetals were prepared by diffusion bonding in the temperature range of 450–550 °C. The interface microstructure and fracture surface of Al/Cu joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the Al/Cu bimetals were measured by tensile shear and microhardness tests. The results show that the Ni interlayer can effectively eliminate the formation of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds. The Al/Ni interface consists of the Al₃Ni and Al₃Ni₂ phases, while it is Ni-Cu solid solution at the Ni/Cu interface. The tensile shear strength of the joints is improved by the addition of Ni interlayer. The joint with Ni interlayer annealed at 500 °C exhibits a maximum value of tensile shear strength of 34.7 MPa.     

铝和不锈钢摩擦焊接界面组织与性能研究

针对6061铝合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢异种金属焊接,采用连续旋转摩擦焊接实现铝钢异种材料焊接,并采用SEM、EDS进行组织分析和性能测试.试验结果表明:在旋转速率为600 r/min、顶锻压力为4.5 MPa,顶锻时间为2 s等工艺参数条件下,铝/钢摩擦焊接头结合紧密,界面呈现波纹状;接头抗拉强度可达252 M...     

Al-Fe金属间化合物对复合板界面结合的影响(英文)

对固态铝和固态铁界面金属间化合物的生长及金属间化合物对界面结合的影响进行了研究。结果表明,固态铝和固态铁热处理后的界面主要包括Fe2Al5和FeAl3化合物层,金属间化合物恶化了界面结合强度。在拉剪测试中,断裂主要发生在Fe2Al5或FeAl3化合物层,断裂的位置主要取决于化合物层内部的缺陷,包括微裂纹和空洞。热膨胀系数不匹配产生的应力导致内部微裂纹产生,内部孔洞产生的原因是Kirkendall效应。该研究对铝和铁的焊接与连接,尤其是对铝钢复合板的制备,奠定了一定的基础。     

钛合金/Cu/不锈钢扩散焊界面化合物生长行为解析

采用拉伸、SEM扫描、能谱分析、XRD测试、热–动力学解析等手段,调查、研究了钛合金/Cu/304 扩散焊接头的力学性能、反应相种类、生成顺序及生长厚度. 结果表明,在焊接压力5.0 MPa下,接头的抗拉强度随焊接温度和时间的增加先增高后降低,在焊接温度1 223 K、时间3.6 ks时获得最高接头强度为163 MPa;过分提高温度和时间对接头性能不利. 用铜作中间层,在Cu/304界面侧基本未生成金属间化合物,而在钛合金/Cu界面间形成了由固溶体、金属间化合物Ti_xCu_y,Ti_xFe_y等组成的多层次过渡组织;由钛合金至不锈钢侧界面结构演化依次大致为Ti₂Cu,TiCu,TiCu₂,TiCu₃,TiCu₄,Ti₂Fe、FeTi,TiFe₂金属间化合物;生成的金属间化合物中Ti_xCu_y对接头强度的影响略显强于Ti_xFe_y化合物的趋势;根据推导的经验公式,通过调控温度及时间可以调控金属间化合物的层厚.     

Effects of intermetallic compound on the electrical and mechanical properties of friction welded Cu/Al bimetallic joints during annealing

Al/Cu metal joints applied for the electrical connector was joined by the friction welding method to limit the formation of intermetallic compound under optimum friction welding condition. To guarantee the reliability of the Al/Cu joints in service requirement, the effects of the intermetallic compound layer on the electrical and mechanical properties have been investigated under various annealing conditions. Two kinds of intermetallic compounds layer were formed in the joints interface and identified by AlCu and Al₂Cu. The growth kinetic of these intermetallics during the annealing can be followed by volume diffusion process. The activation energy of Al₂Cu, AlCu and total intermetallic compound (AlCu + Al₂Cu) represented 107.5, 98.42 and 110.22 kJ/mol, respectively. A thicker intermetallic compound layers could seriously degrade the electrical resistivity and tensile strength. The electrical resistivity with 21 μm thickness of intermetallic compound was 45 μΩ cm and increased to be 85 μΩ cm with 107 μm of intermetallic compound. Tensile strength remarkably decreased from 85 MPa to near zero at the annealing condition of 773 K and 129.6 ks and fracture occurred through the intermetallic compound layers.     

添加铜箔中间层的NiTi形状记忆合金超声波焊接

采用超声波焊接方法对添加铜箔中间层的NiTi形状记忆合金进行搭接焊,研究接头的表面形貌、界面形貌、相变行为、抗拉性能和断裂特点. 结果表明,超声波焊接能实现添加铜箔中间层的薄片状NiTi形状记忆合金的有效连接. NiTi焊缝表面存在明显压痕,界面处结合良好,无金属间化合物生成. NiTi形状记忆合金超声波焊缝呈可逆单相转变过程,接头强度达到母材的65%,断裂位置在母材区,断口形貌呈现韧性断裂特征. 超声波焊接方法将有效解决NiTi形状记忆合金采用传统熔焊方法时产生脆性金属间化合物的这一问题,为NiTi记忆合金的连接提供了新的解决途径.     

热压焊接制备的Cu / Al双金属的界面组织和剪切强度

采用扩散焊（DFW）技术制备了Cu/Al双金属,连接温度范围683-803K,连接时间范围20-80min,连接压力15MPa。Cu/Al双金属界面处的SEM试验结果表明,随着焊接温度的升高和保温时间的延长,界面层厚度逐渐增加,在连接温度为803K,连接时间80min,Cu/Al界面处形成了Al4Cu9,Al3Cu4,AlCu、Al2Cu金属间化合物（从铜侧到铝侧）,根据扩散动力学,金属间化合物(IMCS)的生成顺序为Al2Cu、Al4Cu9、AlCu、Al3Cu4。Cu / Al双金属的剪切试验显示为脆性断裂,并且界面强度随着IMC的减少而增加。在723 K的焊接温度下进行20分钟焊接后,Cu / Al双金属的剪切强度最高为63.8 MPa。     

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF GRAPHITE AND ITS ADJACENT ZONE TO MATRIX INTERFACE IN CAST IRON

The micro-processes on tensile deformation and fracture of graphite-matrix interface incast iron with ferrite matrix under SEM have been observed in situ.It was revealed thatthe graphite in cast iron would not be regarded as a cavity and not formed yet notchstress concentration.A new explanation on the effect of graphite on strength of cast ironwas suggested.     

转速对6061铝合金/纯铜异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊技术对4 mm厚6061-T6铝合金和纯铜进行连接,研究转速对铝铜异种金属接头组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,当焊接速度为30 mm/min、搅拌头转速在1 200~1 800 r/min的范围内,可以获得表面成形良好、无缺陷的铝铜异种金属接头。大量破碎的铜被搅入焊核区,形成了组织结构复杂的区域。通过EDS和XRD分析,在焊核区内发现了Al_2Cu、Al_4Cu_9和Al Cu金属间化合物。在界面处,铝和铜发生相互扩散形成金属间化合物层,随着转速的提高,化合物层逐渐变厚。由于晶粒细化、固溶强化作用以及金属间化合物的生成,异种接头的焊核区平均显微硬度值高于铝铜两侧平均硬度,并且在焊核区出现硬度峰值点。随着转速的增加,接头抗拉强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,所得最优接头抗拉强度为183 MPa,达到铜母材的71.8%,断裂位置位于铝侧热影响区,断裂方式为韧性断裂。     

SUS321不锈钢和6061铝合金激光搭接焊接头的组织和力学性能

焊接参数对钢铝异种接头质量影响明显。主要研究不同的激光功率和焊接速度对SUS321不锈钢和6061铝合金焊缝成形的影响,分析异种接头的微观形貌特征及组成,并对接头的断口形貌和力学性能进行了试验研究。结果表明,不同焊接速度和激光功率对于焊缝成形有着重要影响:当激光功率为2 200~2 400 W,焊接速度为30~35 mm/s时可以获得质量较高的焊缝;在焊接过程中,接头界面形成了FeAl、Fe_2Al_3和Fe_3Al等金属间化合物,它们的存在影响了接头的力学性能;接头在拉伸试验中发生韧性断裂,且裂纹最先在金属间化合物中萌生,并沿着钢铝反应界面进行扩展,直至整个接头发生断裂。     

7075/TC4异种金属CMT Advanced+P熔钎焊特性分析

基于CMT Advanced+P焊接方法,以ER5356铝合金焊丝对7075铝合金和TC4钛合金组成的搭接接头进行熔钎焊试验,并对接头进行微观组织及力学性能分析.结果表明,焊接接头主要由焊缝区、铝合金侧热影响区和钎焊界面区组成;焊缝区主要是等轴晶;铝合金侧热影响区的晶粒表现出轧制特性,并在晶界附近析出大量金属间化合物;...     

激光毛化对铝/钢电弧熔钎焊接头界面与性能的影响

使用高性能铝/钢焊接件是汽车轻量化一直追求的目标. 针对铝/钢接头界面脆性金属间化合物层导致接头性能较差并限制其应用的问题,采用小功率激光毛化处理工艺改变钢表面微观形貌,开展铝上钢下的TIG熔钎焊试验. 通过扫描电镜观察分析了接头界面金属间化合物层的形态与分布,研究了激光毛化线间距对液态铝在钢表面润湿铺展行为及接头钎接界面金属间化合物形态与分布对接头力学性能的影响规律. 结果表明,钢表面经毛化处理后,液态铝在其表面的润湿铺展性能变差,但接头钢侧界面由平直状态变为凹槽锯齿状弯曲状态,使铝钢反应接触面积增大、机械咬合作用增强,同时凹槽对裂纹的扩展起到阻断作用,提高了接头的力学性能. 金属间化合物分布呈现出由沿界面均匀连续性分布变为凹槽内数量较多的非均匀分布特征. 当线间距为130 μm时,接头平均抗拉剪强度达到85.8 MPa.     

Direct dissimilar joining of aluminium alloys and polyamide 6 by friction lap joining*

Direct dissimilar joining of various Al alloy (A1050, A3004, A5052 and A5083) plates and a polyamide 6 plate was performed using friction lap joining (FLJ) with the Al alloy plate as a top and the polyamide 6 plate as a bottom. The effect of Mg content in Al alloys on the joining strength was investigated. TEM analysis made clear that the polyamide 6 and Al alloys were joined via oxide layer consisting of Al₂O₃ and MgO. The results of XPS analysis indicated that MgO was formed by the heating during FLJ, and the quantity of MgO was increased with increasing Mg content in Al alloys. The tensile shear strengths of A3004, A5052 and A5083 joints were saturated to about 2 kN because of the tensile fracture at the polyamide 6 plate outside the tool-passed zone, which were higher than that of the A1050 joint fractured at the joint interface. The peel strength of the joint was increased with increasing Mg content in Al alloys, and the fracture occurred both at the joint interface and at the polyamide 6 plate on the joint area. The fraction of polyamide 6 plate fracture was also increased with increasing Mg content in Al alloys.     

热暴露对Ti3Al/TC11双合金连接界面组织和拉伸性能的影响

对550℃热暴露50h的Ti3Al/TC11双合金拉伸试样用OM和SEM观察连接界面在近等温锻造、热处理和热暴露后的组织与断口形貌。结果表明:梯度热处理条件下,随着变形量的增加,试样热暴露后室温抗拉强度升高;连接界面上锻造形成的细针状α交织组织在热暴露期间发生分解、粗化,同时焊缝中析出更多细小的球状α/α2相。采用梯度热处理的双合金试样热暴露后强度稍高于经双重热处理的试样,双重热处理试样中Ti3Al基合金热影响区的α2相在热暴露期间发生长大。由于氧化造成表面微裂纹,使得试样直接热暴露性能低于毛坯热暴露性能。从拉伸断裂位置可以看出,断裂主要发生在Ti3Al基合金侧。     

金属间化合物对累积叠轧Mg/Al多层复合板材断裂过程的影响

本文采用分步拉伸观测的方法研究了累积叠轧Mg/Al多层复合板材中界面金属间化合物对复合板材断裂过程的影响。结果表明：在单向拉伸过程中,Mg/Al界面处金属间化合物导致了裂纹的萌生和扩展,从而导致Mg/Al界面的分离;在后续拉伸过程当中,由于Mg层强度较低,首先产生颈缩失效,致使整个样品提前断裂。     

Ti/Al异种合金电弧熔钎焊接头界面断裂行为分析

采用TIG电弧的方法实现了钛合金与铝合金熔钎焊连接,分析了不同焊丝形成的熔钎焊接头的界面组织和断裂特征.结果表明,纯铝接头界面为单一的TiAl3相,裂纹主要沿着TiAl3反应层与焊缝之间的界面扩展.拉伸时首先从坡口拐角启裂,当裂纹扩展至接头反面时,断裂扩展形式转变为从焊缝金属撕裂,接头抗拉强度为139MPa.添加Al-Cu-La焊丝的接头界面结构为TiAl3+ Ti2Al20La双化合物层,拉伸时沿TiAl3反应层与钛合金界面开裂,以界面内的微裂纹为裂纹源并向反应层内扩展,属于准解理断裂,接头抗拉强度达270 MPa.稀土La元素作用下形成的双化合物层是提高接头强度的关键.     

采用铌中间层的钛合金与不锈钢的真空热轧连接界面的显微组织及性能

进行了钛合金与不锈钢采用铌中间层的真空热轧连接实验,分析了连接界面的显微组织及性能。结果表明,采用铌中间层能够明显提高接头的塑性。当压缩率为25%,轧制速度为38 mm/s,热轧温度为800°C和900°C时,不锈钢与铌的连接界面没有明显的金属间化合物层;当热轧温度为1000°C和1050°C时,不锈钢与铌连接界面形成Fe-Nb金属间化合物层,并且当热轧温度为1050°C时在金属间化合物层与不锈钢之间出现开裂。铌与钛合金连接界面的扩散层厚度随着热轧温度的升高而增大。热轧温度为900°C的连接接头的拉伸强度可达-417.5MPa,拉伸试样断裂于铌中间层,断口呈塑性断裂特征。热轧温度为800°C的热轧过度接头分别与钛合金和不锈钢进行TIG焊接,TIG焊后热轧过度接头的拉伸强度可达-410.3 MPa,拉伸试样断裂于铌中间层,断口呈塑性断裂特征。     

AlSiNi钎料感应钎焊铝/钢接头的组织和力学性能

借助润湿试验、热分析等手段分析了AlSi12钎料和AlSiNi钎料的钎焊工艺性.使用扫描电镜、能谱分析、力学性能测试等手段分析了AlSi12,AlSiNi钎料钎焊铝/钢接头的组织形貌、断口形貌、相组成和力学性能.结果表明,AlSiNi钎料对钢的润湿性优于AlSi12钎料,但钎料熔化区间稍有扩大;在焊缝/钢界面处,AlSiNi钎料钎焊接头金属间化合物层的厚度为8.1 μm,比AlSi12钎料钎焊接头金属间化合物更薄,分布也更均匀;AlSiNi钎料钎焊接头中的含Ni金属间化合物塑韧性更好,与母材钢的结合力更强,AlSiNi钎料钎焊铝/钢接头抗拉强度高于AlSi12钎料钎焊接头.