利用视觉显著性与图割的图像分割算法

图割算法是图像分割中经典有效的算法,针对其在前景/背景颜色有重叠时容易产生分割错误、shrinking bias现象及交互实时性不佳的问题,提出一种利用视觉显著性与图割的交互式图像分割算法.首先利用Mean Shift算法将原始图像高效地预分割为基于区域的图结构,使得计算量大大下降;然后结合图像内容的显著性分析提高数据项约束的可靠性,并结合局部自适应的正则化参数,有效地改善了shrinking bias现象.实验结果表明,该算法交互快速,分割结果更加精确.     

基于小波变换与图割的彩色图像分割方法

为提高图割算法的分割效率与质量并改善shrinking bias现象,提出将图割理论与小波变换相结合的方法.该方法利用小波变换多分辨率分析的特点,将变换中的低频子带图像作为估计GMM参数的训练样本进行多尺度迭代分割,提高算法效率,利用简单高效的CS_LBP纹理描述子提取高频子带图像中的纹理信息,将颜色与纹理特征相结合改善分割效果,并利用高频系数进行多尺度边缘检测,用于计算局部自适应的正则化参数,改善对细长边界的分割.实验结果表明,分割效果得到了改善,算法效率得到了提高.     

带连通性约束的快速交互式Graph-Cut算法

Graph-Cut算法是图像及视频中经典且有效的前景和背景分离算法,针对其计算量较大导致实时性不佳、前景和背景颜色相似时分割结果易出现shrinking bias现象的问题,提出一种改进算法.该算法利用Mean-Shift技术对图像进行预处理,将原图像表示成基于区域的、而不是基于像素的图结构,预处理结果还可应用于后续的...     

基于权值优化与纹理特征的快速人脸分割算法

针对传统GrabCut在GMM迭代估计阶段仅单纯地考虑像素点的RGB彩色信息,当前景细节区域与它的周围区域颜色差异较大时容易发生分割错误,以及基于像素的运算导致分割效率不高的问题,提出一种结合权值优化与CS-LBP纹理特征的改进算法。该算法首先利用多尺度分水岭对图像进行预分割,构建区域邻接图,然后对每个区域进行颜色和纹理特征的提取,通过权值迭代优化算法使区域的数据项权值与周边分块区域的权值相关联,采用自适应参数将纹理约束项引入能量函数,并将改进算法应用于人脸图像分割,有效改善了分割效果。实验结果表明,本算法分割结果更加准确,效率更高。     

纹理图像中重复纹理元素提取方法

提出了一种交互式纹理图像中纹理元素提取算法,该算法能够在用户提供少量交互的情况下较好地实现纹理图像中重复纹理元素的同时提取。首先采用均值漂移聚类算法将纹理图像分割成独立且连通的子块区域,并构建图像子块区域之间的连通关系;然后结合颜色特征与纹理特征定义一个鲁棒的相似性度量公式,从而准确地捕获具有外观相似特征的纹理元素;在此基础上,通过进一步改进优化的图割模型,最终实现高质量的纹理元素提取。该算法针对前/背景颜色相近的纹理图像中纹理元素的提取有较大改善,并且大大提高了现有图像分割算法的时间效率。     

结合颜色与纹理的JPEG图像快速分割

图割方法是图像分割中的有效方法,为改善JPEG图像的分割效果,提高分割效率,提出将图割理论与JPEG图像的DCT系数相结合的方法.该方法以基于图割理论的GrabCut算法为基础,采用其交互简单的特点,为克服GrabCut算法基于全部像素迭代估计参数而导致算法效率低下,对高分辨率JPEG图像分割实时性差的不足,利用JPEG图像中的DC系数生成DC图像(低频图像)作为迭代估计GMM参数的样本点,缩小问题处理的规模,提高分割效率,提取水平、垂直、对角方向的AC系数作为纹理特征,颜色与纹理相结合,改善分割效果.实验结果表明,分割效果得到了改善,算法效率得到了显著提高.     

基于SLIC融合纹理和直方图的图像显著性检测

针对基于颜色直方图的显著图无法突出边缘轮廓和纹理细节的问题,结合图像的颜色特征、空间位置特征、纹理特征以及直方图,提出了一种基于SLIC融合纹理和直方图的图像显著性检测方法。该方法首先通过SLIC算法对图像进行超像素分割,提取基于颜色和空间位置的显著图;然后分别提取基于颜色直方图的显著图和基于纹理特征的显著图;最后将前两个阶段得到的显著图进行融合得到最终的显著图。此外,通过简单的阈值分割方法得到图像中的显著性目标。实验结果表明,与经典显著性检测算法相比,提出的算法性能明显优于其他算法性能。     

融合区域颜色和纹理两级特征的快速人体皮肤检测

人体皮肤检测在人脸检测、成人图像过滤、人体图像检索等应用中占有重要地位.利用支持向量机,对人体皮肤的颜色和纹理特征的分布进行了研究,并提出了一个基于区域颜色和纹理特征规则的两级模型.在人体皮肤检测算法中,首先利用分水岭分割算法将图像分割成颜色和纹理近似一致的区域,然后利用皮肤颜色模型提取候选皮肤区域,最后利用纹理规则模型对候选皮肤区域进行最终判决.实验结果表明,该算法简便、快速、有效.     

大纹理图像多粒度分割新算法

针对大纹理图像分割困难的问题,提出一种大纹理图像分割算法.在获取影像的初始过分割区域后,依次使用区域颜色和背景对区域进行划分,得到区域标记图像;依据不同标记之间的空间交互强度,建立全局最优的标记合并序列,获取多粒度的分割结果;提出边界类别分布模型来建模区域或标记的空间交互关系.对比实验结果表明,该算法在处理大纹理图像分割方面有明显优势.     

基于图割的低景深图像自动分割

结合图割算法,提出了一种针对低景深(Depth of field, DOF)图像的自动分割模型.首先,通过改进的点锐度算法得到图像的点锐度图, 并结合图像的颜色特征,得到一个四维的特征向量.其次, 通过对图像点锐度图强边缘的计算,利用图像清晰部分边缘较连续, 模糊部分边缘较弱、连续性较差的特点得到图像初步的前景/背景区域. 然后,对前景/背景的颜色和点锐度特征进行高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model, GMM)建模,结合全局、局部自适应的λ值,对图割算法的Shrinking bias 现象进行改善.最后,通过迭代的图割算法对前景/背景区域进行修正. 实验结果表明,该模型鲁棒性较高,分割结果更加精确.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.