电力系统无功优化的反向优化差分进化算法

电力系统无功优化问题是一个复杂的多目标、多约束、非线性的混合整数优化问题,针对基本差分进化算法易陷入局部最优解、收敛速度慢的缺点,首次引入反向优化差分进化算法应用于解决电力系统无功优化问题.反向优化差分进化算法利用基于反向的优化对种群进行初始化,可以获得适应度更优的个体,从而加快了收敛速度;根据一定的跳变率,对种群逐代进行动态跳变,增加了种群的多样性,可以避免算法陷入局部最优解.以系统的有功网损最小为目标函数同时兼顾电压的合理分布,对IEEE-14节点系统进行了无功优化仿真计算,并与其他优化算法进行了比较,结果表明该算法具有较强的全局寻优能力,且收敛速率较快,收敛精度高,鲁棒性好,可较好地解决电力系统无功优化问题.     

一种混合方法在试井参数优化中的应用

试井参数优化就是对利用测得的油气井底压力或流量随时间变化的资料所反演出的油藏参数进行优化处理。现代试井中遇到的复杂方程和定解条件使得试井参数优化问题高度非线性,存在多局部极值。所提出的基于L-M和差分进化的混合方法是利用差分进化算法在一定进化代数后出现的种群聚类特性,将种群识别为不同的聚类区域,然后以每个聚类的中心为起始点,再利用基于梯度具有局部搜索能力强的L-M算法快速找到该聚类区域的最小极值。混合方法兼顾了差分进化全局搜索能力强和L-M局部搜索能力强收敛速度快的优点。将该混合方法应用于试井参数优化中,并通过两种不同油藏模型的实例结果表明该混合方法比单一的算法优化速度更快,收敛精度更高。此外该混合方法实用性广,能有效地解决存在多局部极值的试井参数优化复杂问题。     

基于混沌和差分进化的混合粒子群优化算法

研究粒子群算法优化问题,由于标准粒子群优化算法(PSO)在高维复杂函数优化中易早收敛,影响全系统优化。为改进的混合粒子群优化算法,提出了一种基于混沌和差分进化的混合粒子群优化算法(CDEHPSO)。把基于Logistic映射的混沌序列引入到种群初始化操作中。在算法进化过程中,通过一种粒子早熟判断机制,在基本粒子群优化算法中引入了差分变异、交叉和选择操作,对早熟粒子个体进行差分进化操作,从而维持了种群的多样性并有效避免了算法陷入局部最优。仿真结果表明,相比于粒子群优化算法和差分进化算法(DE),CDEHPSO算法具有收敛速度快、搜索能力强的优点。     

基于邻域差分和协方差信息的单目标进化算法

复杂的单目标优化问题是进化计算领域的一个研究热点问题.已有差分进化和协方差进化被认为是处理该问题的较有效的方法,其中差分信息类似于梯度可以有效的指导算法朝着最优解方向搜索,而协方差则是基于统计的方式来生成较优的子代种群.本文引入了协方差信息对差分算子进行改进,提出了一种基于邻域差分和协方差信息的进化算法（DEA/NC）来处理复杂的单目标优化问题.算法对现有差分算子中通常采用的随机选点或结合当前最优解进行差分的方式进行了分析,当随机选择的差分个体间的差异较大时,差分信息不能作为一种局部的梯度信息来指导算法的搜索;而结合最优解的差分信息又会使得种群朝着当前最优解的方向搜索,导致种群快速的陷入局部最优.基于此,本文采用了邻域差分的方式来提高差分算子的有效性,同时避免种群的多样性丢失.另外,引入了协方差来度量个体变量间的相关度,并利用相关度来优化差分算子.最后,算法对cec2014中的单目标优化问题进行了测试,并将实验结果与已有的较好的差分进化算法进行了比较,实验结果表明了本算法的有效性.     

基于精英种群策略的协同差分进化算法

针对差分进化算法在处理函数优化时存在的过早收敛和易陷入局部最优的问题,提出了一种基于精英种群策略的协同差分进化算法。在优化过程中,首先对种群进行适应度值评估和排序,提取前N个优秀个体组成精英种群,其余个体随机分为3个等大的子种群,每个子种群采取不同的进化策略,以此来保证种群的多样性;然后每隔一定代数,根据新的适应度值更新精英种群和其余3个子种群,这样可以有效地避免算法陷入局部最优;最后,将所提出的算法与4个先进的差分进化算法在CEC2014的30个标准测试函数上进行对比实验。实验结果表明,所提出的算法能够有效提高收敛速度,具有较高的收敛精度和较好的优化性能。     

一种新颖的差分混合蛙跳算法

在使用智能优化算法处理函数优化问题时,保持种群的多样性及加快种群的收敛速度可以提升一个算法的性能.针对混合蛙跳算法在寻优过程中易陷入局部最优和早熟收敛的缺点,本文提出了一种新颖的差分混合蛙跳算法.该算法借鉴差分进化中的变异交叉思想,在前期利用子群中其他个体的有用信息来更新最差个体,增加局部扰动性,以提高种群的多样性;在后期为加快收敛速度使用最好个体的信息进行变异交叉操作.同时本文使用归档集进一步保留种群的多样性.仿真测试结果表明:该算法在求解优化问题时较基本蛙跳算法和平均值蛙跳算法具有更好的寻优性能.     

面向多峰函数优化的PASFLI算法及应用

针对基本混合蛙跳算法在高维多峰函数优化时早熟及难以找到所有全局极值的问题,提出了一种具有混合智能的多态子种群自适应混合蛙跳免疫算法,证明了算法以概率1收敛于全局最优解。该算法采用双层进化模式,融合了混合蛙跳、免疫克隆选择技术。在低层混合蛙跳操作中,加入了多态自适应子种群机制,提高了子种群多样性,有效抑制了早熟现象;在算法进化后期,提出了全局极值筛选策略,将子种群极值点提升到高层免疫克隆选择操作,进一步提高了全局寻优能力。通过复杂多峰函数仿真实验,表明该算法能够快速有效地给出全部全局最优解。     

采用差分进化策略的入侵杂草改进算法及函数优化应用

针对入侵杂草优化算法易出现早熟且收敛速度较慢的问题,提出一种具有差分进化策略的入侵杂草算法。利用差分进化策略较强的开发能力,对种子进行交叉变异选择操作以帮助算法跳出局部最优;同时,为了提高算法的收敛速度和种群多样性,提出对杂草进行初始化并采用基于混沌反向学习的初始化方法。对8个标准测试函数进行的仿真实验表明:与标准杂草优化、差分进化及混合杂草优化算法相比,提出的改进算法具有较快的收敛速度、较高的收敛精度及较强的搜索全局最优解的能力。     

求解多目标作业车间调度问题的混合变异杂草优化算法

针对多目标作业车间调度问题,提出一种混合变异杂草优化算法。该算法采用基于各子目标熵值权重的欧氏贴近度作为适应度值计算方法,引导种群向Pareto前端进化。在进化过程中,运用快速非支配排序策略构建Pareto档案,并利用进化种群中最优个体实时更新Pareto最优解集,提升算法的优化性能;同时通过引入变异算子增加种群多样性,避免算法陷入局部最优。最后,基于Benchmark算例的仿真实验,验证了该算法求解多目标作业车间调度问题的有效性。     

差分进化粒子群算法求解发电资源调度问题

为了有效地解决水火电力系统资源短期优化调度问题,提出了一种基于差分进化粒子群的调度算法。设计了水火电力系统资源调度问题的数学模型,给出了差分进化粒子群优化算法的框架,通过PSO种群和DE种群之间的信息交流机制以寻求全局最优位置,从而使算法具有动态自适应性,能够较容易地跳出局部最优。实验结果表明,该算法能有效解决水火发电资源调度问题,具有较好的应用价值。     

Formulation and parameter selection of multi-objective deterministic particle swarm for simulation-based optimization

Global derivative-free deterministic algorithms are particularly suitable for simulation-based optimization, where often the existence of multiple local optima cannot be excluded a priori, the derivatives of the objective functions are not available, and the evaluation of the objectives is computationally expensive, thus a statistical analysis of the optimization outcomes is not practicable. Among these algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is advantageous for the ease of implementation and the capability of providing good approximate solutions to the optimization problem at a reasonable computational cost. PSO has been introduced for single-objective problems and several extension to multi-objective optimization are available in the literature. The objective of the present work is the systematic assessment and selection of the most promising formulation and setup parameters of multi-objective deterministic particle swarm optimization (MODPSO) for simulation-based problems. A comparative study of six formulations (varying the definition of cognitive and social attractors) and three setting parameters (number of particles, initialization method, and coefficient set) is performed using 66 analytical test problems. The number of objective functions range from two to three and the number of variables from two to eight, as often encountered in simulation-based engineering problems. The desired Pareto fronts are convex, concave, continuous, and discontinuous. A full-factorial combination of formulations and parameters is investigated, leading to more than 60,000 optimization runs, and assessed by three performance metrics. The most promising MODPSO formulation/parameter is identified and applied to the hull-form optimization of a high-speed catamaran in realistic ocean conditions. Its performance is finally compared with four stochastic algorithms, namely three versions of multi-objective PSO and the genetic algorithm NSGA-II.     

Real-time dynamic optimization of batch systems

In this paper a methodology for designing and implementing a real-time optimizing controller for batch processes is proposed. The controller is used to optimize a user-defined cost function subject to a parameterization of the input trajectories, a nominal model of the process and general state and input constraints. An interior point method with penalty function is used to incorporate constraints into a modified cost functional, and a Lyapunov based extremum seeking approach is used to compute the trajectory parameters. The technique is applicable to general nonlinear systems. A precise statement of the numerical implementation of the optimization routine is provided. It is shown how one can take into account the effect of sampling and discretization of the parameter update law in practical situations. A simulation example demonstrates the applicability of the technique.     

Multiobjective optimization of trusses using genetic algorithms

In this paper we propose the use of the genetic algorithm (GA) as a tool to solve multiobjective optimization problems in structures. Using the concept of min–max optimum, a new GA-based multiobjective optimization technique is proposed and two truss design problems are solved using it. The results produced by this new approach are compared to those produced by other mathematical programming techniques and GA-based approaches, proving that this technique generates better trade-offs and that the genetic algorithm can be used as a reliable numerical optimization tool.     

An integrated approach to topology,sizing, and shape optimization

Topology optimization has become very popular in industrial applications, and most FEM codes have implemented certain capabilities of topology optimization. However, most codes do not allow simultaneous treatment of sizing and shape optimization during the topology optimization phase. This poses a limitation on the design space and therefore prevents finding possible better designs since the interaction of sizing and shape variables with topology modification is excluded. In this paper, an integrated approach is developed to provide the user with the freedom of combining sizing, shape, and topology optimization in a single process.     

Effects of dominant wolves in grey wolf optimization algorithm

Bio-inspired computation is one of the emerging soft computing techniques of the past decade. Although they do not guarantee optimality, the underlying reasons that make such algorithms become popular are indeed simplicity in implementation and being open to various improvements. Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), which derives inspiration from the hierarchical order and hunting behaviours of grey wolves in nature, is one of the new generation bio-inspired metaheuristics. GWO is first introduced to solve global optimization and mechanical design problems. Next, it has been applied to a variety of problems. As reported in numerous publications, GWO is shown to be a promising algorithm, however, the effects of characteristic mechanisms of GWO on solution quality has not been sufficiently discussed in the related literature. Accordingly, the present study analyses the effects of dominant wolves, which clearly have crucial effects on search capability of GWO and introduces new extensions, which are based on the variations of dominant wolves. In the first extension, three dominant wolves in GWO are evaluated first. Thus, an implicit local search without an additional computational cost is conducted at the beginning of each iteration. Only after repositioning of wolf council of higher-ranks, the rest of the pack is allowed to reposition. Secondarily, dominant wolves are exposed to learning curves so that the hierarchy amongst the leading wolves is established throughout generations. In the final modification, the procedures of the previous extensions are adopted simultaneously. The performances of all developed algorithms are tested on both constrained and unconstrained optimization problems including combinatorial problems such as uncapacitated facility location problem and 0-1 knapsack problem, which have numerous possible real-life applications. The proposed modifications are compared to the standard GWO, some other metaheuristic algorithms taken from the literature and Particle Swarm Optimization, which can be considered as a fundamental algorithm commonly employed in comparative studies. Finally, proposed algorithms are implemented on real-life cases of which the data are taken from the related publications. Statistically verified results point out significant improvements achieved by proposed modifications. In this regard, the results of the present study demonstrate that the dominant wolves have crucial effects on the performance of GWO.     

多元插值全局优化算法及其应用

本文介绍一种多元插值逼近和动态搜索轨迹相结合的全局优化算法.该算法大大减少了目标函数计算次数,寻优收敛速度快,算法稳定,且可获得全局极小,有效地解决了大规模非线性复杂动态系统的参数优化问题.一个具有8个控制参数的电力系统优化控制问题,采用该算法仅访问目标函数78次,便可求得最优控制器参数。     

云搜索优化算法

本文将云的生成、动态运动、降雨和再生成等自然现象与智能优化算法的思想融合,建立了一种新的智能优化算法-云搜索优化算法(CSO)。生成与移动的云可以弥漫于整个搜索空间,这使得新算法具有较强的全局搜索能力;收缩与扩张的云团在形态上会有千奇百态的变化,这使得算法具有较强的局部搜索能力;降雨后产生新的云团可以保持云团的多样性,这也是使搜索避免陷入局优的有效手段。实验表明,基于这三点建立的新算法具有优异的性能,benchmark函数最优值的计算结果以及与已有智能优化算法的比较展现了新算法精确的、稳定的全局求解能力。     

粒子群算法在组合优化问题上的研究与发展

粒子群优化算法是一种新兴的基于群智能搜索的优化技术。该算法简单、易实现、参数少,具有较强的全局优化能力,可有效应用于科学与工程实践中。介绍了算法的基本原理和算法在组合优化上一些改进方法的主要应用形式。最后,对粒子群算法作了一些深入分析并在此基础上对粒子群算法应用于组合优化问题做了一些总结。     

Value Creation in a Network: The Role of Pricing and Revenue Optimization and Enterprise Profit OptimizationTM

The Internet has created a virtual upheaval in the structural features of the supply and demand chains for most businesses. New agents and marketplaces have surfaced. The potential to create value and enhance profitable opportunities has attracted both buyers and sellers to the Internet. Yet, the Internet has proven to be more complex than originally thought. With information comes complexity: the more the information in real time, the greater the difficulty in interpretation and absorption. How can the value-creating potential of the Internet still be realized, its complexity notwithstanding? This paper argues that with the emergence of innovative tools, the expectations of the Internet as a medium for enhanced profit opportunities can still be realized. Creating value on a continuing basis is central to sustaining profitable opportunities. This paper provides an overview of the value creation process in electronic networks, the emergence of the Internet as a viable business communication and collaboration medium, the proclamation by many that the future of the Internet resides in “embedded intelligence”, and the perspectives of pragmatists who point out the other facet of the Internet—its complexity. The paper then reviews some recent new tools that have emerged to address this complexity. In particular, the promise of Pricing and Revenue Optimization (PRO) and Enterprise Profit Optimization^TM (EPO) tools is discussed. The paper suggests that as buyers and sellers adopt EPO, the market will see the emergence of a truly intelligent network—a virtual network—of private and semi-public profitable communities.     

SEO技术研究

为了利用搜索引擎优化SEO（Search Engine Optimization）技术给网站带来高质量的流量并将其转化为商业利益,理解搜索引擎的算法和排名原理十分必要。通过对网站的结构优化、关键词优化、单页优化、防止被搜索引擎惩罚和挽救被惩罚网站等技术的研究,达到提高网站排名,实现网站的价值目的。