Fracture morphology and toughening mechanism of Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic ceramic prepared by the combustion synthesis under ultra-high temperature

Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ (ZrO₂:47.37 mol%) eutectic ceramic with fine and uniform microstructure was fabricated by combustion synthesis under ultra-high temperature. The fracture toughness and Vickers Hardness reached 10.6 ± 0.49 MPa·m^1/2 and 17.8 ± 0.61 GPa, respectively. The fracture morphology and toughening mechanism are investigated. When cracks meet rod-like ZrO₂, the expansion path would deflect along the interface with a slip for a certain distance, while part of the rod-like ZrO₂ will be pulled out. The effect of rod-like ZrO₂ toughening, residual compressive stress toughening and t-ZrO₂ phase transformation toughening is discussed. The toughening mechanism of rod-like ZrO₂ includes crack deflection and fiber pull-out. The relevant calculated results show that the pull-out of rod-like ZrO₂ makes the largest contribution to toughness, while the residual stress toughening makes the smallest contribution. For t-m transformation toughening, the size of transformation is estimated by XRD method. The calculated value of fracture toughness is 10.25 MPa·m^1/2. Compared with the measured value of toughness, there is an error of 0.35 MPa·m^1/2.     

Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)复合材料的可靠性、磨损形态及其切削耐用度

研究了Al2O3和Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)复合刀具材料的Weibull分布、磨损形态及其切削耐用度。用一元线性回归方法确定Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)刀具的耐用度参数,分析切削条件对Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)复合刀具材料寿命的影响。结果表明:Al2O3和含2%(摩尔分数)及3%Y2O3的ZrO2/Al2O3(Al2O3/ZrO2(2Y)及Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y))复合刀具材料Weibull模数的m值分别是5.6、10.2和11.7,说明Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y)陶瓷的可靠性最优;Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y)复合刀具切削40CrMoNiA合金钢的磨损形态主要来自磨粒磨损和粘结磨损,耐用度参数vc、f、ap的指数值分别为1.3、1.69和0.66,陶瓷刀具更适合高速切削,最大影响因素是进给量(f),在最佳切削条件下(vc=140 m/min,ap=0.5 mm和f=0.3 mm/r)切削耐用度为3 h。     

Nano/Micro-Laminated (ZrO2–Y2O3)/(Al2O3–Y2O3) Composite Coatings and Their Oxidation Resistance

Nano/micro-laminated (ZrO₂–Y₂O₃)/(A1₂O₃–Y₂O₃) composite coatings were deposited onto an Fe–25Cr–7Ni–N alloy substrate by using alternate electrochemical and sintering processes. The thickness of each layer was in the range of 80–500 nm. Experimental results indicated that the multi-laminated coatings were more effective in providing oxidation resistance than monolithic ZrO₂–Y₂O₃ or A1₂O₃–Y₂O₃ coatings, with the oxidation resistance of the former increasing with increasing number of laminated layers. The microstructural studies suggest that the laminated coatings possess the advantages of these two types of coatings and avoid the weakness of single ZrO₂–Y₂O₃ or A1₂O₃–Y₂O₃ coatings. Reactive elements Y and Zr also played a role in this nano-layered setting in improving the oxidation resistance of the coatings.     

添加剂对超重力下燃烧合成Al2O3／ZrO2的影响

基于超重力下燃烧合成Al2O3/33ZrO2(4Y)复合陶瓷板,通过添加不同含量的SiO2,研究SiO2添加剂对Al2O3/33ZrO2(4Y)显微组织、晶体生长及力学性能的影响.XRD、SEM和EDS分析显示,SiO2的添加并未改变陶瓷物相组成;但是,随SiO2添加量的增加,陶瓷显微组织由胞状共晶团转变为棒状共晶组织,且棒状共晶团的长径比逐渐增大,而体积分数却随之下降.陶瓷相对密度因SiO2对陶瓷熔体粘度的双重影响,在SiO2的质量分数为6%时达到最高值,为97.4%;陶瓷硬度因SiO2在陶瓷中形成玻璃相,故随SiO2添加量增加而下降;陶瓷断裂韧度因棒晶裂纹桥接与裂纹偏转效应,因此也在SiO2添加量为6%时达到最高值,为15.9 MPa·m1/2.     

Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)复合材料断裂过程中的相变及力学性能

用真空烧结方法制备了Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)复合材料,分析了ZrO2(3Y)和ZrO2(2Y)含量对Al2O3基陶瓷抗弯强度、断裂韧性的影响.用XRD定量分析了含摩尔分数2%与3%Y2O3的ZrO2(2Y)与ZrO2(BY)在断裂过程中四方相转变成单斜相的相变量,用以阐明增韧机制.结果表明,在ZrO2含量为15%(体积分数)时,Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y)和Al2O3/ZrO2(2Y)复合材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧性分别达到825MPa,7.8MPa·m1/2和738MPa,6.7MPa·m1/2,两者的性能差异主要来自不同的增韧机制.     

铝熔体中添加NH4Al(SO4)2制备Al/Al2O3复合材料

向铝熔体中添加脱水的硫酸铝铵,于900℃下发生分解反应,反应分解的Al2O3原位生成颗粒增强铝基复合材料。SEM观察表明,Al2O3颗粒在铝基体中细小弥散分布,形成球形的、不团聚的增强体颗粒。与基材相比,Al/Al2O3复合材料的耐磨损性能明显提高,耐磨性是基材的4倍,且由硫酸铝铵原位生成的复合材料耐磨性优于添加氧化铝形成的复合材料。拉伸实验结果显示,复合材料的抗拉强度没有明显变化,且塑性有所降低。     

Sintering densification and properties of Al2O3／PSZ （3Y） ceramic composites

1　INTRODUCTIONAl2 O3ceramicsisoneofthewide spreadingma terialsbecauseitholdsgoodfeaturessuchasresistancetohightemperature ,oxidation ,corrosionandabra sion .However ,thebrittlenatureofAl2 O3ceramicshaspromptedustoexploreavarietyofapproachestoenhanceitsfracturetoughness .SinceGarvieetal[1]advancedatheoryin 1975 ,thatistoimprovethefracturetoughnessandflexuralstrengthofZrO2 ce ramicswithmartensitictransformation ,ZrO2 hasbeenreceivingconsiderableattention .AddingMgO ,CaO ,Y2 O3andCeO2…     

Friction and wear properties of mullite／ZrO2／Al2O3 composites

The friction and wear properties of ZrO2 and ALO3 cooperatively toughened mullite composites-mullite/ZrO2/Al2O3(MZA) were studied. The tribological tests were performed in a line-reciprocating tribometer using a GCr15 steel ball on a MZA disk under different dry reciprocating sliding conditions at room temperature. A wide range of normal loads and sliding speeds were chosen to investigate the relationship between the wear mechanisms of MZA and the testing conditions. The wear mechanism diagram of MZA is constructed, it contains two typical regions. It suggests that the wear mechanisms of MZA in each of the region change from one to another depending on the wear conditions. In the mild wear region, the wear rate of MZA is 10^-6 mm^3/m, and the wear mechanism of MZA is plastic deformation accompanied by a little micro-cracking. In the severe wear region, the wear rate of MZA is 10 5 mm^3/m and the dominant wear mechanism in this region is brittle fracture.     

超重力下燃烧合成Al2O3／ZrO2的成分、结构与性能

通过在铝热剂中引入ZrO2(4Y)粉末,在超重力下燃烧合成制备出不同成分与结构的Al2O3/ZrO2(4Y)大体积复合陶瓷板材,并研究了复合陶瓷成分、显微结构与力学性能之间的关系.XRD、SEM与EDS分析表明,Al2O3/33ZrO2(4Y)是以取向各异且纳微米t-ZrO2纤维呈三角对称镶嵌其上的棒状共晶团为基,其周围分布着t-ZrO2微米球晶;同时,Al2O3/40ZrO2(4Y)则以t-ZrO2微米球晶为基,周围分布着不规则形状的αAl2O3晶及少量的共晶团组织.与国外定向凝固Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3),Al2O3/33ZrO2(4Y)复合陶瓷比较强硬性的提高可归因于材料的高致密性、小尺寸缺陷及残余压应力增韧、相变增韧机制所导致的高断裂韧度;同时,Al2O3/40ZrO2(4Y)虽在硬度上有所下降,但弯曲强度与断裂韧度却比国外同类材料分别提高了19.0%与311.1%,故材料的强化可认为是因t-ZrO2微米球晶基体所具有的小尺寸缺陷及相变增韧与微裂纹增韧机制所诱发的高断裂韧度所致.     

机械振动对燃烧合成Al2O3／ZrO2（3Y）自增韧复合陶瓷的影响

基于燃烧合成制备Al2O3／ZrO2（3Y）自增韧复合陶瓷，研究了机械振动工艺对陶瓷显微结构与力学性能的影响。经研究发现，施以机械振动并相应提高振频，可通过引入惯性力，提高陶瓷熔体实际温度，促进陶瓷致密；并且，施以机械振动并相应提高振频，不仅因增大陶瓷熔体过冷度与凝固速率、细化棒晶组织并降低棒晶内纳微米纤维尺寸，使陶瓷得以强化，而且又可通过细化棒晶组织并增大其长径比，增强棒晶裂纹桥接与拔出效应，使材料韧性又得以提升。     

机械振动对燃烧合成Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y)自增韧复合陶瓷的影响

基于燃烧合成制备Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y)自增韧复合陶瓷,研究了机械振动工艺对陶瓷显微结构与力学性能的影响.经研究发现,施以机械振动并相应提高振频,可通过引入惯性力,提高陶瓷熔体实际温度,促进陶瓷致密;并且,施以机械振动并相应提高振频,不仅因增大陶瓷熔体过冷度与凝固速率、细化棒晶组织并降低棒晶内纳微米纤维尺寸,使陶瓷得以强化,而且又可通过细化棒晶组织并增大其长径比,增强棒晶裂纹桥接与拔出效应,使材料韧性又得以提升.     

Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y)快速凝固共晶复合陶瓷显微结构、裂纹桥接与增韧

通过在铝热剂中添加适量的ZrO2(3Y)粉末,借助燃烧合成及远离平衡态下的快速凝固方式,制备出Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y)共晶复合陶瓷.XRD,SEM与EPMA分析得出,陶瓷基体是由t-ZrO2纳微米纤维镶嵌于其上、长径比为10.0～14.0且呈随机生长的氧化铝棒晶及少量的α-Al2O3片晶构成.结合裂纹扩展路径与棒晶内部结构,可认为因共晶凝固所形成的、存在于蓝宝石棒晶上的高密度异相界面及因共晶两相热膨胀失配所诱发的高残余压应力,蓝宝石棒晶得以强化,因而陶瓷的主要增韧机制来自因蓝宝石棒晶裂纹桥接所产生的内部弹性应变能释放及因高能、大角度晶界解离所诱发的能量消耗,并伴随着因片晶摩擦互锁效应所造成的能量耗散过程.     

Al2O3／ZrO2（3Y）快速凝固共晶复合陶瓷显微结构、裂纹桥接与增韧

通过在铝热剂中添加适量的ZrO2（3Y）粉末，借助燃烧合成及远离平衡态下的快速凝固方式，制备出Al2O3／ZrO2（3Y）共晶复合陶瓷。XRD，SEM与EPMA分析得出，陶瓷基体是由t-ZrO2纳微米纤维镶嵌于其上、长径比为10．0～14．0且呈随机生长的氧化铝棒晶及少量的α-Al2O3片晶构成。结合裂纹扩展路径与棒晶内部结构，可认为因共晶凝固所形成的、存在于蓝宝石棒晶上的高密度异相界面及因共晶两相热膨胀失配所诱发的高残余压应力，蓝宝石棒晶得以强化，因而陶瓷的主要增韧机制来自因蓝宝石棒晶裂纹桥接所产生的内部弹性应变能释放及因高能、大角度晶界解离所诱发的能量消耗，并伴随着因片晶摩擦互锁效应所造成的能量耗散过程。     

ZrB2/Al2O3 composite powders prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis（SHS） method was used to synthesize ZrB2/Al2O3 composite powders from B2O3-ZrO2-Al system. X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） analyses show the presence of ZrB2 and Al2O3 as the primary phases in the composite powders, while the presence of a very small amount of ZrO2 is thought to be unreacted zirconium oxide. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and high resolution electron microscopy（HREM） observations of microstructure of the composite powders indicate that the interfaces of ZrB2/Al2O3 bond well without any interracial reaction products. It is proposed that the good interfacial bonding of composite powders results from the ZrB2 particles crystallizing and growing on the Al2O3 particles surface with surface defects acting as nucleation centers.     

Nanoparticles α-Al2O3 prepared by combustion synthesis method

Nanometer α-Al2O3 powders were synthesized by the method of low-temperature combustion synthesis (LCS) with aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and urea as raw materials. The prepared powders were studied by XRD,TG-DTA, FT-IR and TEM. It is found that the average size of particles is 60 -80 nm. The optimal synthetic conditions are obtained, i. e. , the suitable fuel is urea; the molar ratio of oxidizer to fuel is 1: 2 and the igniting temperature is 700 ℃. The results show that the size of particles is governed by synthesizing temperature, the fuel and the molar ratio of oxidizer to fuel. TEM image of the particles collected shows that the crystal habits of particles have a spheric structure and particles are polycrystal.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3/Er3Al5O12/ZrO2 prepared by a high-frequency zone melting method

Oxide directionally solidified eutectic ceramics (DSECs) have excellent mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, and ablation resistance in an ultra-high temperature environment above 1600 °C. In this study, Al₂O₃/Er₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ternary DSECs were prepared by high-frequency induction zone melting. Their diameters were considerably greater than those of samples prepared with other processing techniques under the conditions where the microstructures were uniform. The component, microstructure, and mechanical properties in these samples were investigated. The results indicate that these DSECs were composed of only Al₂O₃, Er₃Al₅O₁₂, and ZrO₂ phases. As the solidification rate increased, both the eutectic phase size and eutectic spacing decreased continuously, and the microstructure was refined. The relationship between the eutectic spacing and solidification rate satisfied the formula λ²ν ≈ 33.8 ± 0.49. A polygonal colony structure appeared at a growth rate of 6.7 μm/s, which was associated with the uneven distribution of the temperature field. The hardness and indentation fracture resistance increased marginally with an increase in solidification rate, achieving 17.6 ± 0.8 GPa and 5.0 ± 0.5 MPa·m^1/2, respectively. The hardness of the Al₂O₃/Er₃Al₅O₁₂/ZrO₂ ternary DSEC was 18.3% less than that of the Al₂O₃/Er₃Al₅O₁₂ binary DSEC owing to the reduced hardness of the ZrO₂ phase added in the eutectic composition. The ternary DSEC's indentation fracture resistance was 88.4% greater than that of the binary eutectic ceramic owing to the phase transformation toughening of the ZrO₂ phase.     

The effect of the microstructure on mechanical properties of directionally solidified Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3) eutectic

The eutectic architecture of a continuous reinforcing phase within a higher volume fraction phase or matrix, can be described as a naturally occurring in-situ composite. Here we report the results of experiments aimed at identifying the sources of high temperature creep resistance and high levels of strength in a two phase Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) system. The mechanical properties of two phase Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) eutectic are superior to that of either constituent alone due to strong constraining effects provided by the coherent interfaces and micrsostructure. The Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) eutectic maintains a low energy interface resulting from directional solidification and can produce strong and stable reinforcing phase/matrix bonding. The phases comprising a eutectic are thermodynamically compatible at higher homologous temperatures than man-made composites and as such offer the potential for superior high temperature properties.     

Effects of Y2O3 on SiC/MoSi2 composite by mechanical-assistant combustion synthesis

MoSi₂ based materials are considered as a potential high temperature structural parts. In this work, a 0.5 wt% Y₂O₃–20 vol% SiC/MoSi₂ composite was successfully prepared by pressureless sintering from mechanical-assistant combustion synthesized powders. Adding a small amount of Y₂O₃ to the SiC/MoSi₂ composite decreased the apparent activation energy of sintering by 10.4%, resulting in a denser composite with finer grains. The relative density, flexural strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of 0.5 wt% Y₂O₃–20 vol% SiC/MoSi₂ increased by 5.3%, 27.7%, 27.2% and 35.8% as compared to 20 vol% SiC/MoSi₂, respectively. The oxidation mass gain of Y₂O₃–20 vol% SiC/MoSi₂ at 1200 °C was higher than that of 20 vol% SiC/MoSi₂ for 16.9%, while it still exhibited very good oxidation resistance at this temperature.     

超声沉淀法制备纳米Al2O3粉体

将超声辐射应用于以硫酸铝铵 (NH4Al(SO4) 2 ·12H2 O )和碳酸氢铵 (NH4HCO3 )为原料的沉淀法制备Al2 O3 纳米粉体的化学反应工艺过程 ,制备了粒径为 12nm的α Al2 O3 纳米粉体。通过SEM、TEM等分析手段研究了超声辐射对前驱体NH4Al(OH) 2 CO3 沉淀物及最终粉体尺寸、形貌及其团聚行为的影响 ,并探讨了其作用机理。结果表明 :超声辐射由于其自身的空化作用不仅细化了前驱体颗粒、抑制了其间的团聚 ,而且延缓了其向凝胶的转变过程 ,从而有效地细化α Al2 O3 颗粒 ,但过高的频率却易导致颗粒间的进一步聚合     

大尺寸Al2O3/ZrO2(4Y)共晶复合陶瓷板制备与结构转化

通过在燃烧合成过程中引入超重力,可以制备出大尺寸、低缺陷的Al2O3/ZrO2(4Y)共晶复合陶瓷板.XRD表明,超重力并不改变陶瓷的物相组成,其基体均由α-Al2O3、t-ZrO2与m-ZrO2组成;SEM分析显示,随着超重力的增大,镶嵌有t-ZrO2纤维的共晶团发生胞状组织向棒状组织的转化,且共晶团体积分数与长径比逐渐增大;力学性能测试表明,复合陶瓷相对密度、硬度与断裂韧度随超重力增大而增大,至225g(重力加速度)时均达到最高值,分别为97.8%、18.7 Gpa与15.6 Mpa·m1/2;并且,陶瓷的高断裂韧度是因棒状共晶团的裂纹偏转与桥接增韧及处于共晶团边界上的t-ZrO2微米球晶的相变增韧与微裂纹增韧机制所致.