基于IEEE802.16d PMP网络的业务调度研究

研究无线城域网PMP网络结构TDD模式下媒质接入机制和MAC层调度机制.通过对截断二进制指数算法的研究给出上行调度碰撞解决机制的一种实现方案,在保证QoS要求的同时最优地利用了动态分配的带宽.最后使用NS网络仿真软件对此进行了仿真,给出了UGS和rtPS调度业务数据仿真的结果.     

一种基于WiMAX mesh网络的区分服务调度方案

IEEE 802.16支持多种不同类型的调度服务,并将服务质量支持机制引入媒体接入控制层,却没有规定相应的调度算法。在IEEE 802.16定义的mesh模式下,针对不同类型服务,提出了一种区分服务的调度方案,该方案采用集中式和分布式混合调度。仿真结果表明:该方案下系统平均时延和用户满意度均有所改善。     

An intelligent scheduling system using fuzzy logic controller for management of services in WiMAX networks

The appearance of media applications with high bandwidth and quality of service requirements has made a significant impact in telecommunications technology. In this direction, the IEEE802.16 has defined wireless access systems called WiMAX. These systems provide high-speed communications over a long distance. For this purpose some service classes with QoS requirements are defined; but the QoS scheduler is not standardized in IEEE802.16. The scheduling mechanism has a significant effect on the performance of WiMAX systems for use of bandwidth and radio resources. Some scheduling algorithms have been introduced by researchers; but they only provide some limited aspects of QoS. An intelligent decision support system is therefore necessary for scheduling. In this paper a fuzzy based scheduling system is proposed for compounds of real-time and non-real-time polling services which provide QoS requirements and fairness in dynamic conditions. A series of simulation experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheduling algorithm in terms of latency and throughput QoS parameters. The results show that the proposed method performs effectively regarding both of these criteria and achieves proportional system performance and fairness among different types of traffic.     

A cross-layer elastic CAC and holistic opportunistic scheduling for QoS support in WiMAX

QoS provisioning is an important issue in the deployment of broadband wireless access networks with real-time and non-real-time traffic integration. An opportunistic MAC (OMAC) combines cross-layer design features with opportunistic scheduling scheme to achieve high system utilization while providing QoS support to various applications. A single scheduling algorithm cannot guarantee all the QoS requirements of traffics without the support of a suitable CAC and vice versa. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer MAC scheduling framework and a corresponding opportunistic scheduling algorithm in tandem with the CAC algorithm to support QoS in WiMAX point-to-multipoint (PMP) networks. Extensive experimental simulations have been carried out to evaluate the performance of our proposal. The simulation results show that our proposed solution can improve the performance of WiMAX networks in terms of packet delay, packet loss rate and throughput. The proposed CAC scheme can guarantee the admitted connections to meet their QoS requirements.     

An interactive QoS framework for fixed WiMAX networks

The IEEE 802.16 standard defines several scheduling classes at MAC layer for preferential treatment of service flows depending on QoS requirements specific to a service flow. In this paper, a new framework has been proposed to solve and address QoS issues for fixed point to multipoint (PMP) 802.16 systems. The proposed framework consists of a uplink scheduler and Call Admission Control (CAC) module. The proposed CAC module interact with the uplink scheduler status and makes its decision based on the scheduler’s queues status. Extensive OPNET simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework.     

Energy-aware QoS uplink scheduling for UGS traffic flows in WiMAX networks

This paper presents a new energy-aware QoS scheduling and call admission control algorithm for WiMAX IEEE 802.16e wireless access standard. The scheduling algorithm works at MAC layer and is designed towards minimizing power consumption at mobile stations supporting multiple Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) connections, while meeting the QoS requirements of the connections. The algorithm uses a novel idea to fill an active OFDM frame as much as possible in order to increase the number of OFDM frames in sleep mode at mobile station. The algorithm also considers the dynamic nature of connection joining and termination. We used Voice-over-IP (VoIP) traffic connection models for UGS traffic flows to simulate and validate algorithm. The simulation model was tested using VoIP codec types with different rates and QoS requirements. Simulation results show that a power saving in the range of 50–75% can be easily achieved at the mobile station under low-to-moderate traffic intensities.     

IEEE 802.16中支持QoS的有效带宽分配机制

基于IEEE 802.16协议,研究宽带无线接入网中保障QoS的有效带宽资源分配和调度问题。首先,在PMP模式下设计一个有效率的QoS调度算法,利用参数的调整提供更具有弹性的服务质量,以利于rtPS服务支持多媒体传输;然后利用标准中所提供的QoS参数调度各种不同类型的服务业务,分配上传带宽,进而达到有效地使用网络资源。仿真实验结果表明,本方案能够在保证QoS需求的同时,有效地分配带宽资源。     

一种基于IEEE 802.16j网络的带宽调度方案*

针对IEEE 802.16j网络,提出了一种上行业务的动态联合带宽资源调度方案。根据该网络系统树状拓扑结构,在基站BS和中继站RS间采用分级分布式资源调度体制,从而既保障了业务的带宽需求,又提升了上行带宽利用率,同时还提出了针对不同类型业务采用不同的调度算法,改善了调度的公平合理性。仿真结果表明,提出的动态联合调度方案相比严格优先级调度更具灵活性,能够在兼顾用户速率公平的条件下有效地保证各种服务的QoS要求,同时也可获得较高的带宽资源利用率。     

An adaptive cross-layer design for multiservice scheduling in OFDMA based mobile WiMAX systems

We consider a cross-layer scheme for the downlink multiuser Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) based on IEEE802.16e standard. We propose an intelligent Medium Access Control (MAC) that adapts with the physical layer (PHY) in response to the different QoS requirements of the diverse service flows in the system. This adaptation is represented by a joint packet scheduling and slot allocation scheme interaction in both MAC and PHY layers. Based on this interaction, a fair and efficient QoS guaranteed resource allocation for a mixture of real-time and non real-time service flows is achieved. We provide extensive simulation results showing the performance aspects of the proposed cross-layer scheme.     

IEEE802.16e的实时上行链路调度服务优化算法

深入分析了IEEE802.16e建议的三种实时调度服务算法：UGS、rtPS、ertPS，并在此基础上提出了一种优化的实时调度服务算法：irtPS。该优化的调度服务算法在保证变化数据率实时上行链路的延时性能基础上，最大限度地提高了实时上行链路的资源利用率。数学建模分析结果显示，在保证延时性能的前提下，该优化的调度服务算法的系统容量较IEEE802.16e建议算法的系统容量有显著增加。     

支持多类业务的移动Ad Hoc网络拓扑透明MAC调度码

设计了一类用于支持多种业务类型的移动自组织网络拓扑透明媒质接入控制(MAC)调度码。这类调度码保证最低优先级用户在一帧中至少有一个时隙成功传输信息的前提下,码长最小。这种调度码设计方案不仅简单易行,而且发送时隙选择灵活。性能分析表明,基于这类调度码的无线网络能够支持多个业务类型的用户,并为各类用户提供有保证的服务质量。     

Capacity estimation algorithm for simultaneous support of multi-class traffic services in Mobile WiMAX

Mobile profile of WiMAX technology, based on IEEE 802.16e standard, is due to support multi-application services, while benefiting a wide range of implementation flexibilities. The current document presents a simple capacity estimation methodology for WiMAX systems. In this paper, the term capacity concerns with the maximum number of simultaneous multi-service users that each specific Mobile WiMAX access point can jointly support. A dynamic PHY+MAC overhead removal method is formulated to achieve an improved system goodput with respect to users distribution and multi-burst construction strategy. A service delivery model is presented that investigates the QoS requirements of the services to be supported, along with elaborating an application profile as a consistent input for capacitating and dimensioning studies. The minimum resource consumption calculation for the joint-application users is derived at each given time. An incremental algorithm compares the optimal available resources with minimum service demand for each number of users to arrive at maximum system capacity. Using the proposed algorithm, different simulation scenarios are studied based on the most used WiMAX implementation parameters in practice. The simulation results prove the significant roll of overhead calculation in performance evaluation studies. Furthermore, these results can be used for network planning and dimensioning purposes, as well as providing reference measures for scheduling performance analysis and detailed simulations.     

IEEE 802.16 Mesh模式下区分服务时隙调度算法

为了满足用户需求,IEEE802.16支持多种QoS。在IEEE802.16-2004定义的mesh模式的调度机制下,针对实时业务和非实时业务对时延具有不同敏感性的特点,提出了一种区分服务的时隙调度算法。该算法优先处理实时业务,并通过拥塞情况,自适应地调整实时业务的预留带宽。最后对算法进行了仿真,结果表明该算法下业务的延迟、服务请求拒绝率、时隙利用率均有所改善。     

IEEE 802.16 Mesh模式下基于QoS的时隙分配算法

IEEE 802.16-2004标准定义了Mesh模式下的调度机制，基于这些调度机制下的数据信道资源分配算法，在标准中没有详细规定。该文提出了两种基于优先级的时隙分配算法，以实现MAC层的QoS，通过仿真分析了平均分组延迟、请求失败率和时隙利用率。仿真结果表明这些算法实现了对不同需求的业务流的QoS保障。     

A multi-hop resource scheduling algorithm for IEEE 802.16j relay networks

The IEEE 802.16j standard defines both transparent and non-transparent relay transmission mode. The present study formulates and optimizes the relay resource scheduling problem for the case of a non-transparent relay network. It is shown that the resource scheduling problem is NP-Complete. A method is proposed for optimizing the position of the zone boundary adaptively during the resource scheduling process in order to maximize the system throughput. In addition, a low time complexity algorithm designated as MRRS (multi-hop relay resource scheduling) is proposed to obtain an approximate solution for the NP-Complete scheduling problem. In the proposed algorithm, the zone boundary is adjusted adaptively in accordance with the user distribution and the channel state information in such a way as to improve the utilization of the available slots. The simulation results show that MRRS achieves a higher throughput than existing relay resource scheduling algorithms (GenArgMax and Eliminate-Repeat) with no significant loss in fairness. In addition, it is shown that the performance improvement provided by MRRS increases as the hop-count is increased.     

一种面向公平保证QoS的WiMAX二级调度方案

IEEE 802.16作为全球微波接入互操作系统技术标准,虽然定义了5类信流(分别是UGS,rtPS,ertPS,nrtPS和BE),并将服务质量支持机制引入媒体接入控制层,却没有规定相应的调度算法.为有效保证各种多媒体通信的服务质量,提出了一种基于正交频分多址接入技术和自适应调制编码机制的二级调度方案.该调度方案采用跨层设计思想,适用于PMP WiMAX网络下行链路中.一级调度器按照QoS优先级顺序调度位于不同类型缓存器的队头分组,从而满足rtPS业务的最大时延限定和nrtPS业务的最小速率要求;完成一级调度后,为满足用户速率公平性.二级调度器根据自适应调制编码信息及用户状态信息调度位于不同用户缓存器的队头分组.仿真结果表明该方案能够有效保证各种多媒体通信服务满足QoS要求并兼顾用户速率公平,同时也可获得较高的WiMAX系统吞吐量.     

一个提高WiMax服务质量的带宽分配调度算法研究

随着接入网络作为连接用户终端与核心网络的纽带的倍受关注,用户越来越关注数据传输的QoS(服务质量)问题。在IEEE802.16协议的MAC层定义了比较完善的QoS机制。但QoS机制中的核心问题,带宽调度算法,协议没有作出明确的阐述和定义。该文在已有典型算法基础上,吸收、采纳了已有算法中适合于IEEE802.16协议的带宽调度的方法,并结合IEEE802.16协议关于QoS的定义,提出了一个针对IEEE802.16协议的PMP(点对多点)模式下集中式的带宽分配调度算法。并在NS2模拟环境下对算法进行了测试。     

IEEE 802.16中改进的QoS调度算法设计

IEEE802.16标准在每个节点处都提供实时业务和非实时业务。由于基于优先级的业务的服务质量（QoS）的需求不同,因此需要对传统的调度算法进行改进使其具有更大的适应性。为了改善QoS端到端时延的性能,提出了一种混合调度算法（EDD和WFQ算法相结合）。仿真结果表明：在每个节点处,提出的混合算法比仅使用EDD算法能给实时业务产生的时延更少,并且还能够使单个BS在可允许的端到端时延范围内容纳数量更多的子SS,而且使用从BS到SS的GPSS模式的调度机制比使用GPC模式能产生更小的时延。     

一种无线多媒体传感器网络分区链路调度算法

链路干扰是无线多媒体传感器网络实现大容量、实时、可靠传输的主要困难。为提高多跳传输模式下无线网络性能,基于MAC层的调度算法得到了广泛关注。调度算法为每条链路分配合理的传输时槽,降低了冲突和重传次数,能显著提高网络传输性能。但随着网络规模的增大,无论是集中式还是分布式调度算法,都存在调度开销增大和性能降低的问题。针对这一问题,根据节点分布密度和承载网络流量大小,将网络划分为密集区域和稀疏区域。稀疏区域的节点传输冲突较小,直接采用CSMA的协议。密集区域的节点传输冲突大,采用基于队列长度的分布式调度。分区调度能够有效降低网络规模扩大导致的调度算法复杂性增大的问题。仿真实验表明,分区调度算法无论是在队列长度,还是在延时性能上,较传统算法有明显改善。     

基于Petri网的网格调度模型研究

网格环境具有异构性、动态性和不可靠性,为了合理而经济地利用资源,本文提出一个基于QoS且具有容错性的任务调度算法,以时间和费用的预算以及时间和费用的权重比值作为QoS参数。使计算过程和通信过程重叠,以隐藏网络时延。本文用随机Petri网模型描述网格环境中的任务调度模型;定义了随机Petfi肉的可达图,用来分析任务调度模型的性能。通过分析和模拟,反映此算法能够在满足用户的时间和费用的限制,具有容错性,任务完成时间短,以及综合花费少等优点。