In situ X-ray synchrotron diffraction study of MgB2 synthesis from elemental powders

The kinetics of MgB₂ synthesis is studied in situ by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, using pressed compacts of 200–400 μm magnesium powders mixed with three types of submicrometer, amorphous, high-purity boron powders. Reaction times for commercially available and plasma-synthesized boron powders decreases from 100 to 2 min as temperature increases from 670 to 900 °C. They can be described by diffusion-controlled models of a reacting sphere with kinetics characterized by diffusion coefficients increasing with temperature from 2 × 10⁻¹⁷ to 3 × 10⁻¹⁶ m² s⁻¹, with activation energies of 123–143 kJ mol⁻¹. Plasma-synthesized boron powders doped with 7.4 at.% carbon show no significant differences in reaction kinetics as compared to undoped powders.     

MgB2颗粒的制备及其增强铜基复合材料

采用粉末冶金反应烧结结合高能球磨的方式制备了MgB2超细粉末,烧结后X射线衍射(XRD)表明合成MgB2的纯度较高,球磨后由于晶粒尺寸减小以及晶体中微观应力增加使得MgB2衍射峰的强度下降而且宽度增加,但球磨后颗粒的高分辨透射电镜像及相应的选区电子衍射表明球磨后MgB2的晶体结构依旧完整.采用粉末冶金工艺制备了MgB2P/Cu复合材料,扫描电镜观察表明MgB2颗粒在铜基体中分布均匀.线扫描结果表明在MgB2颗粒与铜基体之间存在Mg、Cu元素的互扩散现象.性能测试结果表明,相同体积分数情况下,MgB2P/Cu复合材料的相对密度、硬度、拉伸强度以及导电性能优于TiNp/Cu复合材料和AINp/Cu复合材料,是一种有效的弥散强化相.     

六方氮化硼直接转化合成多晶立方氮化硼的研究

以六方氮化硼为初始材料,采用直接转化法在9～15 GPa、1500～2100℃的条件下合成多晶立方氮化硼.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、维氏硬度计,对多晶立方氮化硼块材的微观结构和力学性能进行表征.结果表明:在合适的温度、压力条件下,六方氮化硼可转化为纯相多晶立方氮化硼,其晶粒尺寸最小约为70 nm,最大可达10μ...     

无磁不锈钢

无磁不锈钢丝“NASNM 15N”　当前对于不锈钢丝的需求日益多样化 ,特别是在最近以信息产业为首的工业生产中要求使用无磁性壳体的需求不断增加 ,即使在服装业中 ,为了检验出残留断针用的检针器 ,要求对于磁场的变化具有高度的灵敏性 ,为此 ,作为零部件和服饰品所使用的金属材料 ,就必须是高度无磁性的 ,为了满足这样的需求形势 ,日本精线公司开发成功了一种高度无磁性的不锈钢丝“NASNM 15N” ,这种无磁不锈钢丝属于奥氏体不锈钢系 ,即使经过很高变形率的冷加工之后其磁导率也保持极低的水平 ,即仍具有良好的无磁性。“NASNM 15N”…     

Mechanical properties of superconducting MgB2 wire

This study aims at examining the mechanical properties of MgB₂ wires fabricated with PIT method by studying the effect of tensile and bending stresses on their current carrying capacity. Wires are mounted on a tensile machine and are subjected to different load increments within both the elastic and the plastic regions. The current carrying capacity is measured for each load and the behavior of I_c versus stress/strain is studied. Microstructures of MgB₂ core are studied for different loads by using SEM. For bending tests, two cases are examined. The first case is to anneal MgB₂ wires then wind them on mandrels with different diameters, while the second case is to wind un-annealed wires on the same mandrels with different diameters then anneal the winded wires. A comparison between both cases is made using SEM for all different diameters and measuring the corresponding I_c. The behavior of I_c versus bending strain is studied. This whole study aims at giving a clear picture of the optimum loading, bending and processing conditions at which MgB₂ wires will possess a high current carrying capacity for practical applications.     

High-temperature synthesis and investigation of hexagonal boron carbonitride

A set of boron carbonitride phases have been synthesized by nitration of boron carbide B₄C powder at 2100 °C under various partial pressures of nitrogen. X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies establish graphite-like networks for the atomic arrangement within each of the ternary compounds formed. All B-C-N phases found are classified by a certain value of interplanar spacing, characteristic Raman band frequency and a degree of structural ordering. An increase of the synthesis temperature prevents the formation of ternary compounds in favour of graphite and hexagonal boron nitride.     

氧化硼对保护渣中TiO2溶解动力学的影响

含钛钢连铸过程中,部分TiO₂夹杂物进入保护渣,导致渣性能恶化,进而影响铸坯质量。采用旋转法,研究了TiO₂在保护渣中的溶解速率与旋转速度、温度、B₂O₃含量等因素的关系。结果表明,TiO₂在保护渣中溶解速率与棒旋转的角速度的平方根成正比;且在温度升高时,TiO₂在保护渣中的溶解速率有明显的上升;在w(B₂O₃)=0～9%时,随着B₂O₃含量上升,TiO₂溶解速率升高,溶解活化能由162.99降至123.95 J/mol,但B₂O₃含量对溶解速率的影响要明显小于温度的影响。以上研究结果较好阐明了TiO₂在保护渣中的溶解机理,为含钛钢连铸过程提供一定的参考。     

超硬MgB2导体的高温高压合成

本文在国产六面顶高温高压设备上成功制备出具有超高硬度和良好导电特性的二硼化镁(MgB2)聚晶体材料.样品制备的压力和温度条件分别为5.5GPa和700～1000℃.光学显微镜观测表明,合成样品具有褐色金属光泽.通过X射线衍射对合成样品进行了晶体结构的表征.X射线衍射谱表明,二硼化镁晶体具有典型的六角结构,空间群为P6/mmm(191).晶格常数为,a=0.308nm,c=0.352nm.常态下,合成样品的显微硬度、体密度和电阻率分别被测量.其显微硬度为4109.5 kgf/mm2,常态下电导率为2.42×10-6Ωm.这些特性决定着硼化镁聚晶有着潜在的应用价值.     

TiC掺杂12芯MgB2线材微观结构以及超导电性

采用 PIT工艺,以分步法粉末为装管前驱粉,选用中心铜铌复合棒增强的导体结构制备了TiC掺杂MgB2多芯线材,研究了不同热处理温度对于粉末相组成、线材的微观结构以及超导电性的影响,结果表明分步法粉末能够有效提高C原子的取代水平,同时芯丝中MgB2晶粒尺寸达到亚微米级,MgB2晶粒连结性较好,制备多芯线材在4.2 K,5 T时,其Jc仍高达3×104 A/cm2。     

掺碳碳化硼活化烧结及其动力学

研究了在中位径为０．４２μｍ的碳化硼微粉中添加１％～４％碳为活化剂的烧结过程。研究了烧结坯的密度、抗弯强度、晶粒度与掺碳量、烧结温度、保温时间的关系。在一定烧结温度以上,少量碳的掺入明显提高了烧结活性,烧结坯密度明显提高,在本实验条件下最佳掺碳量为１％～２％,最佳烧结温度为２１６０～２２００℃。研究了掺碳碳化硼烧结动力学,得出其物质迁移机制主要为晶界扩攻。最后研究了其相组成,掺入的碳除溶解于碳化硼     

Nanocarbon-dependent synthesis of ZrB2 in a binary ZrO2 and boron system

Thermodynamically, ZrO₂ may react with boron to form B₂O₃/B₂O₂ and ZrB₂ at room temperature. However, this reaction is incomplete at temperatures lower than 1550 °C, even with the use of metastable reactants, i.e., as-synthesized amorphous hydrous nano-ZrO₂ and amorphous boron powders. In this study, a complete disintegration of ZrO₂ was achieved by introducing nanocarbon to the binary system of ZrO₂ and boron at 1550 °C. The metastable reactants affected the temperature required for the solid-state reactions and also strongly affected the kinetics of the transformation. Single crystal and plate-like ZrB₂ particles with a uniform distribution and a size of ca. 1.0 μm in two-dimensions were obtained using 5 wt.% nanocarbon and a B/Zr molar ratio of 4.     

MgB2烧结相变的研究

对自蔓延高温合成法制备的MgB2进行氩气保护下的烧结实验。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和EDX成分分析等方法，发现MgB2在流动氩气保护下于1050℃烧结后部分转化为MgB4。随着烧结温度提高，MgB4生成量增多。生成的MgB4晶粒形貌与MgB2的明显不同。     

Corrosion synthesis of boron carbide with pore and hollow structure

In this study, corrosion synthesis of boron carbide particles with pore size ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers was reported. Firstly, the pristine boron carbide powders which contain free carbon have been synthesized at 350 °C in a steel autoclave. As the pristine boron carbide was refluxed by HClO₄ at 170 °C for 1–2 h, the boron carbide particles with macropores were produced. Similarly, the boron carbide nanocages can also be obtained. The corrosion of the embedded amorphous and/or low crystallinity carbon/boron carbide using HClO₄ was considered for the formation of boron carbide with macropores and hollow nanocages.     

多芯MgB2超导线材的挤压制备技术及微观结构研究

为了提高多芯MgB2超导线材中芯丝相互之间的结合强度和超导芯丝的致密度,将传统的热挤压技术引入到MgB2线材制备过程中。采用挤压工艺制备180芯导体结构的多芯MgB2/Nb/Cu超导线材,Φ64mm的复合包套通过单道次挤压工艺加工到Φ20 mm。挤压后的线材通过冷拉拔和中间退火热处理最终加工到Φ0.81 mm。对加工不同阶段的复合线材进行了微观结构分析,发现多芯线材中MgB2超导芯丝分布良好,Nb阻隔层厚度分布较为均匀,无破损现象。通过该工艺已成功制备出百米量级长度的多芯MgB2超导线材。该技术为MgB2超导长线的制备提供了新途径。     

Superconducting Properties of Ti3SiC2-Doped Bulk MgB2 Superconductor

研究了Ti3SiC2掺杂对MgB2的晶格参数(a)、微观结构、超导转变温度(Tc)和临界电流密度(Jc)的影响。随着Ti3SiC2掺杂量的增加,晶格参数a逐渐变小,表明了C进入晶格代替B位的发生。随着掺杂量的增加,超导转变温度Tc从37.15K降低到36.55K。利用Bean模型通过M-H磁滞回线计算了样品的Jc值。结果表明,在低场区域,未掺杂样品的Jc值高于Ti3SiC2掺杂样品的Jc值。然而随着磁场的进一步增大,适量掺杂的样品Jc值得到提高。     

烧结温度对MgB_2超导线材微观结构及超导电性的影响

使用干燥的B粉和Mg粉,采用分步反应法制备了SiC(40～45 nm)掺杂的MgB2/Nb/Cu超导线材。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜,研究了不同烧结温度对所制备样品的相组成、微观结构的影响。采用标准四引线法测定了样品的电阻温度曲线。结果表明:热处理温度对线材的微观结构有显著影响,适宜的热处理温度可提高C原子实际进入晶格取代B原子的数量。在750℃×2 h,C原子替代B的取代分数达3.73%。分步反应法制备MgB2超导线材可有效地引入B位C掺杂,从而提高线材在高磁场下的载流能力。     

Influence of doping effect on structure and superconducting properties of MgB_2

1　INTRODUCTIONTherecentdiscoveryofsuperconductivityinthebinaryintermetalliccompoundMgB2 [1] hasstimulatedworldwideexcitementinthescientificcommunityandresultedinaflurryofbothexperimentalandtheoreti calwork[2 8] .Thesuperconductingtransitiontemper atureTcofMgB2 is 39K ,whichisalmosttwiceaslargeastherecordvaluesofTcfortheconventionalintermetallicsuperconductors .Itsstructureisverysimple ,consistingofalternatinglayersofMgatomsandBatoms .HalleffectmeasurementsshowthattheHallcoefficientof…     

C掺杂对MgB2超导体水解行为的影响

采用固态反应法制备了纯MgB2和C掺杂MgB2超导体。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）和物性测试仪（PPMS）研究了纯MgB2超导块材和C掺杂的MgB2超导块材的水解行为对微观结构和超导电性的影响。结果表明，纯MgB2和C掺杂的MgB2超导体与水之间存在明显的化学反应。C掺杂部分进入MgB2的晶格中，其余部分以第二相粒子形式存在于晶界处，使得首先发生于晶界的水解反应受到抑制，从而提高了MgB2超导体的水解稳定性，减缓了水解反应速度。     

碳热还原法合成TiB_2的反应动力学研究

采用TG-DSC热分析仪,对碳热还原法合成TiB2的反应混合物进行了热重分析,采用全程等温热重法,对碳热还原法合成TiB2的反应过程进行了动力学研究,并对反应产物进行了XRD分析。研究结果表明,碳热还原法合成TiB2的反应过程分为三个阶段:第一个阶段试样单位面积的失重与反应时间成抛物线关系,反应速率由碳的扩散过程所控制,反应的表观活化能为168.36kJ/mol;第二阶段试样单位面积的反应失重与时间成线性关系,反应速率由化学反应速率所控制,反应的表观活化能为165.28kJ/mol;第三阶段试样单位面积的失重与反应时间成抛物线关系,这一阶段的反应速率由碳的扩散过程所控制,反应的表观活化能为218.47kJ/mol。