Computer modeling and critical theory

The explicit consideration of literary theory has become increasingly important both in the field of textual studies generally and in undergraduate literature courses. But theory can seem vague and inconsequential to undergraduates. Our students use hypertext to model intertextuality and the Linear Modeling Kit (a software program we have developed) to model structuralist ideas about narrative. In making computer models, students explore the implications of analytic ideas by attempting to represent them in formal (in the sense of programmable) terms. Our experience shows that such modeling stimulates student questioning and discussion of marked precision and sophistication.Peter Havholm and Larry Stewart, both Professors of English at The College of Wooster, have collaborated on the use of computers in the teaching of literature since 1987 and have published several papers on the subject. They won an EDUCOM/NCRIPTAL Award for Distinguished Curricular Innovation in 1989. Stewart is co-author of A Guide to Literary Criticism and Research (3rd ed., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1996). Havholm recently returned to teaching after fifteen years in administration. He has published Kipling and Fantasy, anthologized in Harold Orel, ed., Critical Essays on Rudyard Kipling (Boston: G.K. Hall, 1989), 92–105.     

文本主题的自动提取方法研究与实现

在深入分析了当前流行的文本主题提取技术和方法的基础上,将语义方法融入统计算法,提出了一种基于统计的主题提取方法,并描述了它的实现过程。该方法利用文档内句子之间的语义相关性,实现了文本主题的自动生成。首先对文本进行切词和分句处理实现信息分割,再结合文本聚类技术对文本句进行聚类实现信息合并,最后从每类中抽取代表句生成文本主题。实验结果表明,该方法是一个有效、实用的方法。     

Web文本聚类算法WTCA的研究与实现

提出了一种新的Web文本聚类算法WTCA——基于自组织特征映射神经网络(SOM)的聚类算法。该算法分为训练SOM网络及聚类分析两个阶段,具有自稳定性,无须外界给出评价函数;能够识别概念空间中最有意义的特征,抗噪音能力强。该算法应用到现代远程教育网,可以对各类远程教育站点上收集的文本资料信息自动进行聚类分析;从海量Web文本信息源中快速有效地获取重要的知识。     

图谱理论在文本图像二值化算法中的应用

常用的阈值二值化方法不能很有效地分割出文本图像,而利用图谱理论的思想可以清晰有效地对文本图像进行二值化分割。针对传统的图谱理论分割图像算法计算量大、空间复杂度高的不足,提出了利用直方图灰度等级代替像素级,在此基础上近似计算了权函数的参数,算法的计算量和复杂度都有所降低。实验结果表明,该方法大大降低了计算的复杂性,在速度上优于传统的图谱理论分割方法,质量上优于常用的二值化分割方法。     

Examining the role of computer‐supported knowledge‐building discourse in epistemic and conceptual understanding

This study characterized students' online collaborative discourse from a theory‐building perspective and examined its relation to epistemic and conceptual understanding. Fifty‐two fifth graders' Knowledge Forum discussions on electricity were analysed. Discourse moves were coded within the inquiry threads, and two key epistemic patterns were identified: problem‐centred uptake and theory‐building moves. Analysis showed that higher‐quality discourse threads included more problem‐centred uptake moves in which ideas were built more coherently on each other to address the central problem. There were also more theory‐building moves on explanation and sustain inquiry. We also examined the relationship between discourse moves and conceptual‐epistemic understanding. Regression analyses showed that problem‐centred uptake predicted epistemic cognition beyond prior epistemic cognition and that theory‐building moves on explanation predicted students' conceptual understanding beyond their prior science understanding. Implications for fostering more productive discourse and sophisticated epistemic cognitions using online discussion are discussed.     

文本聚类算法的设计与实现

为了有效地提高丈本聚类的质量和效率,在对已有的层次聚类和K-means算法分析和研究的基础上,针对互联网信息处理量大、实时性高的特点,设计并实现了一种用于高维稀疏相似矩阵的文本聚类算法.该算法结合了层次聚类和K-means聚类的思想,根据一个阈值来控制聚类算法的选取和新簇的建立,并通过文本特征提取和文档相似度矩阵计算实现文本聚类.实验结果表明,该算法的召回率和正确率更高.     

新型快速中文文本分类器的设计与实现

为了提高中文文本分类的效率与精度,设计了一种新型的分类器。该分类器采用基于词频、互信息和类别信息的综合评估函数进行选择特征;在特征权重计算上,由于传统TF-IDF方法没有考虑特征类间和类内分布,提出了一种将词频和综合评估函数值相结合的权重计算方法;最后设计了一种基于贝叶斯原理的快速分类器。实验证明该分类器简单有效。     

A critical analysis of media discourse on information technology: preliminary results of a proposed method for critical discourse analysis

Since the 1980s, there has been a growing body of critical theory in information systems research. A central theoretical foundation of this research is Habermas' theory of communicative action, which focuses on implications of speech and proposes general normative standards for communication. Habermas also places particular emphasis on the importance of the public sphere in a democratic society, critiquing the role of the media and other actors in shaping public discourse. While there has been growing emphasis on critical discourse analysis (CDA), there has been limited effort to systematically apply Habermas' validity claims to empirical research. Moreover, while critical research in information systems has examined communication within the organizational context, public discourse on information technology has received little attention. The paper makes three primary contributions: (1) it responds to Habermas' call for empirical research to ground and extend his theory of communication in every day critical practice; (2) it proposes an approach to applying Habermas' theory of communication to CDA; and (3) it extends the reach of critical research in information systems beyond micro-level organizational concerns and opens up to critical reflection and debate on the impact of systematically distorted communication about technology in the public sphere.     

Finding the range: Linguistic analysis and its role in computer-assisted literary study

This article describes how linguistic analysis can be used to change the computer from being a generator of data that can be used to develop a critical analysis to being a tool that provides a means to explore the processes and inputs that generate different interpretations of literary works. Using Michael Gregory's Communication Linguistics model to analyze Shakespeare's Sonnet CXXX, we see how the linguistic structure of the poem allows for multiple readings of the text. The article goes on to describe how this kind of analysis can be extended by employing artificial intelligence as a means to explore the interaction between language and meaning.Stephen N. Matsuba is currently completing his doctorate in English at York University, Canada.     

基于文本内容的数字水印算法的设计与实现

为了有效地保护各种数字化产品的版权,防止产品被篡改,假冒和盗用,提出一种新的数字产品版权保护技术即数字水印.针对目前数字水印技术的研究主要集中在图像、视频和音频等方面的现象,分析了几种常用的文本数字水印技术,并按各自不同的嵌入方法对它们进行归类,设计并实现了一种基于文本内容的文本数字水印算法,利用中英文逗号的替换完成水印的嵌入与提取.测试结果表明了该算法的可行性,并分析了算法的鲁棒性、隐蔽性及水印容量.     

基于VC++的视频字幕自动提取系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种基于面向对象的Visual C++语言,在Windows MFC平台下开发出的视频字幕自动提取系统。该系统应用垂直、水平、对角方向的边缘检测算子检测出3个方向的字幕边缘信息,然后运用形态学对每个方向的边缘图像进行处理,最终运用与融合提取出字幕区域。实验结果验证,该系统性能稳定,字幕定位较精准。     

遗传算法的粗糙集理论在文本降维上的应用

遗传算法作为一种有效的全局并行优化搜索工具,早被众多应用领域所接受。根据问题提出了相应的适应度函数,针对遗传算法和粗糙集理论两种方法各自的特点,将两种算法适当结合。还把结合后的方法和单一的粗糙集算法在文本分类效果上进行了对比。实验结果表明将遗传算法和粗糙集理论相结合的优化方法来应用到特征提取中,比单一的粗糙集算法,具有更好的降维效果,使得降维后的特征词更有利于文本数据的分类,大大优化了文本分类的效果。     

Analysis of the discourse structure of lyric poetry

Applying the method of discourse structure analysis described by Grosz and Sidner to lyric poetry, one views the poet as the Initiating Conversational Participant, and the reader as the Other Conversational Participant as she recreates the poem upon reading it. In poetry the linguistic and intentional structures function in counterpoint to the metrical and stanzaic structures, respectively, producing the effects that define poetry. Analysis of attentional state can reveal the dynamics of the focussing process in a poem, providing a unique perspective on its operation. More research is needed to extend the theory to adequately handle lyric poetry.Mary Dee Harris, Ph. D., is currently a consultant in Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence in the Washington, DC, area. Her research interests are: interaction of metaphor and discourse structure, knowledge-based natural language processing, cognitive linguistic approaches to natural language processing. Her publications include: Introduction to Natural Language Processing (Prentice-Hall, 1985); Dylan Thomas the Craftsman: Computer Analysis of the Composition of a Poem,ALLC Bulletin, 7, 3 (1979), 295–300; Poetry vs the computer, in Festschrift in honor of Roberto Busa, S. J., edited by Antonio Zampolli and Laura Cignoni, University of Pisa, Fall, 1987.     

面向视频场景内容检索的文本解析工具设计与实现

在足球赛事视频的应用背景下,分析了面向视频场景内容检索的文本解析关键技术,设计并实现了面向视频场景内容检索的文本解析工具。该工具利用中文分词技术分割自然语言文本,通过汉语语法规则提取关键词,采用加权算法对关键词排序,并将关键词映射到知识表达集,从而获得关键词的语义信息,完成文本解析。实验结果表明,该工具能够满足自然语言文本的视频检索需求。     

Beyond the concordance Lotus and dBASE as text analysis tools

Concordances are not the only computer tools available to literary scholars. This article looks at two general purpose software packages, Lotus 1-2-3 and dBase III. Several suggested approaches to organizing the texts are presented. Each program allows the words to have multiple levels — something standard concordance programs lack. This encourages the researcher to view the text as texture rather than as words strung together linearly. Lotus is easier to use than dBase but lacks the ability to relate information between files. With programming skills, the researcher can develop complex queries in dBase.Louis Janus teaches Norwegian at St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. He has helped other humanities faculty develop computer projects there. Publications include Norwegian and Scandinavian language texts. He is currently developing HyperCard course material for Norwegian and Linguistics.Gregg Shadduck is an information management consultant with Shadduck and Sullivan in Minneapolis. He teaches at the College of St. Catherine in St. Paul, MN.     

Determining the titles of Web pages using anchor text and link analysis

Determining the titles of Web pages is an important element in characterizing and categorizing the vast number of Web pages. There are a few approaches to automatically determining the titles of Web pages. As an R&D project for Naver, the operator of Naver (Korea’s largest portal site), we developed a new method that makes use of anchor texts and analysis of links among Web pages. In this paper, we describe our method and show experiment results of its performance.     

基于价值累加理论的网络热点事件舆情研判及系统实现

基于价值累加理论分析网络热点事件的演变过程,确定触发因素的出现、共同信念的形成、行动动员的完成是事件演变的三个关键环节,设计监测模型,对事件舆情中的敏感因素、情感的形成及扩散进行分析判断。在此基础上,构造网络舆情热点信息智能监测平台系统(NPOIMS),以我国西部地区的x市为实例对象,架构舆情监测系统,监测与x市有关的各类舆情信息,提炼热点词语,进行舆情研判,提供分析报告,为相关部门提供舆情引导和事件应对的信息参考和决策支持。     

The female voice and traditional discourse biases: The case of francophone African literature

This study reports on a statistical approach to Francophone African literature, addressing the issues of discourse bias and the specificity of female writing as against male. The research is based on a comparison of all the characters present in 20 novels written by male and female African authors, under the headings of importance, power and attitude. It suggests that a number of significant differences characterize the make-up of novels written by African female and male authors.Beverley Ormerod, from Jamaica, is currently associate professor of French at the University of Western Australia. Her publications concerning the literature of the French Caribbean and Francophone Africa includeAn Introduction to the French Caribbean Novel (London: Heinemann, 1985) andRomancières africaines d'expression française, with J.-M. Volet (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994). Jean-Marie Volet, born in Switzerland and currently Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of French Studies at the University of Western Australia, is pursuing research in the fields of African literature and women's writing. His publications includeLa Parole aux Africaines (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1993) andRomancières africaines d'expression française, with B. Ormerod (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994). Hélène Jaccomard, a tutor in the Department of French Studies at the University of Western Australia and a translator, has research interests in autobiography and literary theory. She has published a book onLe Lecteur et la lecture dans l'autobiographie française contemporaine (Geneva: Droz, 1994) and articles, including Françoise d'Eaubonne: Accuser (la) Réception,The French Review, 68, 3 (1994).     

基于相似理论的装备试验MPT系统研究与实现

针对装备试验之前预测人力、人员及训练(MPT)需求的问题,提出了基于相似理论的分析思想和方法,即根据装备相似性确定试验项目以及MPT需求.基于上述思想和原理,确定了装备试验MPT需求分析过程和输入输出,并设计和开发了装备试验MPT需求分析系统(ETMPTRAS),主要包括系统总体设计、功能设计和数据库设计.最后,结合某自行火炮定型试验任务进行了系统实现和应用,证明了系统的可用性和有效性.     

Making HCI theory work: an analysis of the use of activity theory in HCI research

This paper reports a study of the use of activity theory in human–computer interaction (HCI) research. We analyse activity theory in HCI since its first appearance about 25 years ago. Through an analysis and meta-synthesis of 109 selected HCI activity theory papers, we created a taxonomy of 5 different ways of using activity theory: (1) analysing unique features, principles, and problematic aspects of the theory; (2) identifying domain-specific requirements for new theoretical tools; (3) developing new conceptual accounts of issues in the field of HCI; (4) guiding and supporting empirical analyses of HCI phenomena; and (5) providing new design illustrations, claims, and guidelines. We conclude that HCI researchers are not only users of imported theory, but also theory-makers who adapt and develop theory for different purposes.