聚乙烯及其复合改性沥青路用性能研究

以两种不同油源的沥青为基础沥青，以低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）为主改性剂，废旧橡胶粉（ＷＲＰ）、废旧泡沫聚苯乙烯（ＷＦＳ）为辅助改性剂，通过试验系统地分析研究了基础沥青及其不同方案改性沥青的技术性能，并对改性机理进行了探讨。结果表明，复合改性是一种比较可行的方法。     

聚乙烯及其复合改性沥青睡用性能研究

以两种不同油源的沥青为基础沥青，以低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）为主改性剂。废旧橡胶粉（ＷＲＰ）、废旧泡沫聚苯乙烯（ＷＦＳ）为辅助改性剂，通过试验系统地分析研究了基础沥青及其不同方案改性沥青的技术性能。并对改性机理进行了探讨。结果表明，复合改性是一种比较可行的方法。     

聚合物改性沥青性能的评价

采用北京市燕山牌ＳＢＳ、ＰＥ改性剂以及不同掺量与两种基质沥青１２种改性沥青,在室内大量试验基础上,按照我国改性沥青标准,对改性沥青高、低温性能进行综合评价,为北京市实体工程应用做好技术准备。     

丁苯橡胶改性沥青的流变行为研究

用ＲＨＥＯＴＥＳＴ２型旋转粘度计系统研究了由单家专混合稠油１００号沥青与某种ＳＢＲ沥青母体混合制成的ＳＢＲ改性沥青的流变行为．结果表明，试料的剪切应力（τ）与剪切速率（γ）的关系服从幂律函数ｒ＝ｋγτ，温度对粘度的影响可由＝Ａ０Ｔ－Ｂ描述。ＳＢＲ含量对体系的表观粘流活化能、感温性以及流型转变温度均有较大影响．当ＳＢＲ含量达到１０ｍ％时，体系的表现粘流活化能下降了约２４ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１，流型转变温度提高约６０℃。     

SMA沥青混合料配合比设计中若干问题的探讨

随着国同外ＳＭＡ技术的应用和发展，针对我国ＳＡＭ沥青混合料配合比设计中的有关问题（以平安大街上面层ＳＭＡ沥青混合料目标配合比设计为例），对原材料进行优选及采用不同试验方案及试验方法，最终确定改性沥青混合料目标配合比。     

沥青高温性能指标评价

对4种沥青（1种常规沥青和3种改性沥青）进行了25℃针入度、环球软化点、60℃粘度、高温下的标准动态剪切以及重复蠕变试验，对5个指标的试验结果特别是改性沥青重复蠕变试验结果进行了分析评价，最后由相应的沥青混合料车辙试验对上述指标进行了验证，验证结果表明，由重复蠕变试验结果得到的沥青蠕变劲度的粘性成分Ev与混合料车辙试验结果的排序一致。     

SBS、PE、SBR改性国产兰炼沥青性能研究

对兰炼沥青分别用SBS、PE、SBR进行改性,并对改性沥青混合料路用性能及改性机理进行了探讨。     

煤与FCC油浆共处理重质产物对道路沥青改性作用的评价

依据美国ASTMD5710—95和英国BSIBS3690对Trinidad湖沥青（TLA）的评价标准，以及中华人民共和国行业标准JTGF40—2004（（公路改性沥青路面施工技术规范》对改性沥青混合料和SBS类（Ⅰ类）改性沥青储存稳定性的技术要求，对比同样试验条件下TLA改性沥青的特性，评价了煤与FCC油浆共处理所得重质产物对道路石油沥青的改性作用。结果表明，在400℃、10MPa H2压力条件下所得的重质产物（CSA）对试验用90^#基质沥青的改性作用与TLA的改性作用相似，满足上述各标准的指标要求；CSA改性沥青的混合料具有较高的极限拉伸应变值，即具有较好的弯曲性能，显示了更加优良的低温抗裂性能。     

680中,重负荷工业齿轮油的研究

对兰炼研制的６８０中，重负荷工业齿轮油的研究进行了阐述。产品质量分别达到了ＡＧＭＡ２５０．０３ＭＥＰ和ＵＳＳ－２２４的标准要求。现场使用试验表明产品能够满足实际工况使用要求。     

硅藻土改性沥青及其混合料路用性能研究

对硅藻土改性沥青及其混合料进行了一系列室内试验研究，包括沥青的技术性能试验，沥青混合料的高温车辙试验，低温弯曲劈裂试验，残留稳定度和冻融劈裂试验以及弯曲疲劳试验。研究结果表明硅藻土能改善沥青的高温、低温和抗老化性能；且硅藻土改性沥青混合料能显著提高混合料的水稳定性、低温性能，高温稳定性和抗疲劳性能，具有良好的路用性能，是一种值得推广的改性沥青混合料。     

AN INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR STABILIZATION AND UPGRADING OF RESIDUES AND BITUMENS

A three step process is proposed for stabilizing thermal residues and bitumens, such as visbreaker residues, and for upgrading SR bitumens used to produce stable polymer-modified bitumens.

The process is based on the addition of phosphorus compounds such as phosphoric or polyphosphoric acid to VB residues and bitumens, and to the utilization of the insoluble by-product for upgrading SR bitumens or for the preparation of very stable polymer modified bitumens.     

AN INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR STABILIZATION AND UPGRADING OF RESIDUES AND BITUMENS

ABSTRACT

A three step process is proposed for stabilizing thermal residues and bitumens, such as visbreaker residues, and for upgrading SR bitumens used to produce stable polymer-modified bitumens.

The process is based on the addition of phosphorus compounds such as phosphoric or polyphosphoric acid to VB residues and bitumens, and to the utilization of the insoluble by-product for upgrading SR bitumens or for the preparation of very stable polymer modified bitumens.     

聚合物改性沥青的的试验与评价

详细介绍了几种与聚合物改性沥青的储存稳定性、弹性等性能有关的试验与评价方法，简单列举其它一些特殊的试验与评价方法。     

PHASES BEHAVIOUR OF BITUMENS STUDIED BY ISOBARIC CALORIMETRY AND ISOCHORIC THERMOBAROMETRY

ABSTRACT

Thermodynamic behaviour of bitumens - three fresh, one oxydative aged - relative to two different penetration classes, has been studied by isobaric calorimetry and isochoric thermobarometry to lay down caracterisation criteria of bitumens from transformation temperatures. The thermiobarograms are analysed in terms of phases transitions; and compared to thermograms. A Pressure - Temperature phase diagram is determined for each bitumen. Five transformations are observed on the usual temperature range. The transition that occurs at lower temperature seems to be glass type ; generaly, the other transformations are attended with weak enthalpy changes. For the Van der Waals state equation applied to bitumens, the free volumes are determined from the slopes of thermobarograms. Transformations temperatures under atmospheric pressure are always higher for soft bitumens than for harder ones. It occurs that aging increases transformations temperatures. Thermobarometrk analysis of a fresh bitumen show that a progressive densifica-tion appears during thermail cycles     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND RELATIONSHIP OF OILS AND SOLID BITUMENS FROM SE TURKEY

Solid bitumens from the Seridhalivein, occurring in the Upper Cretaceous—Palaeocene Germav Formation, and five oils from different oilfields in SE Turkey, were investigated by a variety of organic geochemical methods. Based on biomarker distributions (pristane/phytane, carbon number preference (CPI), Norhopane/hopane, extended hopane distribution, pregnanes/regular steranes), a marine carbonate depositional environment is inferred for the source of these oils. The oils are "early mature', as indicated by their ethylcholestane 20S/20S + 20R ratios, and the 17α(H), 21β(H)-bishomohopane 22S/22S + 22R ratios. Differences in relative abundance of some compounds typical of higher salinities in the depositional environment (docosane, pregnane) suggest different sources of facies variations within a common source. No aromatic sulfur compounds were detected in the oils.
The solid bitumens were characterized by a high abundance of dibenzothiophenes, naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and their alkyl-substituted homologues in the aromatic fractions, and an abundance of n-alkanes in the saturate fraction. The high maturity of the solid bitumen (epi-impsonite, R %equiv. ∽ 1.2) makes an interpretation on the origin of these substances difficult. An origin due to biodegradation of sulfur-rich oil is excluded, since the alkane and aromatic fractions do not show signs of a severe microbial degradation. The absence of sulfur compounds in the oil extracts and the pyrolysis products of the asphaltene fraction show genetic differences between the oils and solid bitumens of SE Turkey. Pyrolysis of the asphaltenes from the bitumen extracts and of the unextracted bitumens produced sulfur compounds similar to those found in the aromatic fraction.     

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VENEZUELAN HEAVY AND EXTRAHEAVY CRUDES AND BITUMENS

ABSTRACT

Several Venezuelan heavy and extraheavy crude oils and bitumens have been evaluated for various physical properties, namely, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat and vapor pressure. The API gravity of the oils considered are in the range of 8 to 12° API. In addition, blends of these oils and bitumens, and dilutions with reflnary distillates and light crude oils (20 to 54° API) have also been analized. It was found that, with the exception of viscosity, there is no functional relation between the API gravity and the other physical properties studied. A dividend of this finding is that it allows for a simple correlation between the viscosity and diluent content, for mixtures of heavy and light crude oils.     

A NEW SCHEME FOR THE FORMATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BITUMENS

This paper discusses models of bitumen formation. Most liquid bitumens are formed during the middle stages of catagenesis (between approx. Ro equivalents of 0.4 and 1.15, respectively). "Progressive" naphthide formation is a process whereby organic matter and its derivatives gradually pass through a number of stages of alteration — three stages are generally recognized. By contrast , "regressive" naphthide formation is a "superimposed" process, involving microbial alteration and biochemical oxidation.
In addition to the above two general processes, three other, less important schemes of naphthide formation are recognised:
"Pyrodestructive bitumogenesis" results in the formation of "naphthoids"; these are bitumens generated close to an intruded heat source, which causes thermal destruction of organic matter.
"Dynamic-hydrothermal bitumogenesis" results in the generation of a complex group of bitumens, known as "naphthido-naphthoids", which are formed under conditions of dynamic metamorphism and hydrothermal activity accompanied by metasomatism.
Thirdly, the process of "phase-migrational" bitumogenesis results in the formation of two groups of bitumens: "asphaltenites" and "beta-asphaltenites".
This paper summarizes the Author's views on bitumen formation, based on new geological and geochemical data.     

REACTION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID WITH THERMAL RESIDUES AND BITUMENS

The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the addition of small quantities of phosphoric acid (or P₂O₅), on the physical and chemical behaviour of petroleum residues and bitumens.

Phosphoric acid (and P₂O₅) reacts only with thermal products such as visbreaker (VB) residues and bitumens, and do not react with straight run (SR) products.

The unstable constituents of VB residues, i.e. carbonaceous material and part of the asphaltenes, contain significant amounts of free radicals which easily share electrons with phosphorous.

The resulting condensed particles are higher molecular wighht, polar material no longher soluble in the bitumen, and flocculate.

This reaction confirms the presence of stable free radicals in thermal bitumens and residues, suggests a way to neutralize their destabilizing effect.     

用兰炼重交沥青开发生产聚合物改性沥青

选用兰炼重交沥青，采用适当的工艺，以SBS，SBR为主要改性剂，通过实验室小调确定合理可行的工艺生产方案，并在工业装置生产出符合JTJ036-1998标准或其它特殊要求的改性沥青产品。     

REACTION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID WITH THERMAL RESIDUES AND BITUMENS

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the addition of small quantities of phosphoric acid (or P₂O₅), on the physical and chemical behaviour of petroleum residues and bitumens.

Phosphoric acid (and P₂O₅) reacts only with thermal products such as visbreaker (VB) residues and bitumens, and do not react with straight run (SR) products.

The unstable constituents of VB residues, i.e. carbonaceous material and part of the asphaltenes, contain significant amounts of free radicals which easily share electrons with phosphorous.

The resulting condensed particles are higher molecular wighht, polar material no longher soluble in the bitumen, and flocculate.

This reaction confirms the presence of stable free radicals in thermal bitumens and residues, suggests a way to neutralize their destabilizing effect.