结合信源特性与网络拥塞控制的可靠性视频传输算法

提出了一种用于在无线网络中传输视频的结合信源特性及网络拥塞控制的鲁棒性算法.通过场景建模以及特性分析,将分级编码产生的所有码流层划分成不同的类型,并根据它们对网络拥塞控制的贡献以及对重建图像质量的贡献不同,将其分成两个不同的队列.系统根据不同的网络丢包状态(即丢包是由网络拥塞引起还是由无线信道的不可靠传输引起)动态地调整信源速率、不等错误保护强度以及拥塞控制策略.仿真结果表明,该方法与MPEG-4信源编码加固定速率Turbo码方法以及动态调整信源、信道编码速率加选择性丢I,B,P包的网络拥塞控制方法相比,能够提供更好的性能.     

视频通信的网络自适应传输控制技术

针对视频传输中的拥塞控制问题，对网络自适应传输控制技术进行了研究，该技术综合了UDP与TCP的传输特性，能够对网络拥塞进行自适应控制。提出了该技术的技术框架和实现方案，并将其应用在一个端到端的视频传输系统中。实验结果表明，网络自适应传输控制技术可以为视频通信提供良好的传输质量保障。     

H.263+视频差错跟踪恢复技术研究与实现

压缩编码的视频数据对传输差错极其敏感 ,为了有效地抑制和纠正网络传输错误对解码图像质量的影响 ,介绍了H .2 63 标准推荐的一种有效消除传输错误的基于反馈的差错跟踪 (ErrorTracking)恢复方案 ,并在H .2 63 编解码器TMN1 0的框架下 ,对其算法进行了实现 ;最后进行了实验比较。研究结果表明 ,该方法对抑制传输干扰的扩散和恢复差错具有较好的效果。     

基于视频发送端速率控制的QoS技术研究

基于尽力而为的网络模式不能提供QoS保证,网络拥塞和分组丢失不可避免。在端到端视频单播结构下,论文提出了一个发送端速率控制框架SRCF,在此框架下首先利用RTCP报文中的字段提出了一种网络参数测量方法,然后设计了一个自适应速率算法SRCA,SRCA利用已得到的网络传输延迟和分组丢失率参数作为初始参数,来调整编码速率,达到充分利用带宽的目的,避免了视频质量由于调整参数带来的剧烈抖动。仿真结果表明,该算法在网络出现一定拥塞的条件下,能跟踪带宽的变化,网络和媒体QoS能保证视频质量较好。     

基于RTP的h.264无线视频传输和Qos控制

本文在RTP协议原理和H264编码特性的基础上,提出了适用于H264无线视频传输结构.利用RTP/RTCP端到端的反馈机制实现流量控制、拥塞控制以及H264在视频编码层和网络提取层的错误恢复措施.使整个传输过程在提供良好的视觉质量又满足实时播放的前提下,充分利用带宽.     

可逆变长编码差错复原技术在数字视频传输中的应用

在无线移动信道和因特网等环境下的压缩视频传输业务,信道传输差错不但严重影响业务质量,甚至会导致整个视频通信完全失效。采用变长编码时,变长编码虽然提高了编码效率,但也使得编码后的视频数据对抗差错的能力十分脆弱。而采用可逆变长编码可以对码流进行双向解码,在差错发生后,解码器可分别由两个重同步点进行解码,并可更精确地确定差错发生的位置,恢复部分本应丢弃的数据。文章将可逆变长编码差错复原技术应用在数字视频传输中,采用可逆变长编码,对应用了数据分割技术的压缩视频传输码流中的宏块头信息和运动矢量等重要信息进行编码,从而提高视频流的抗差错能力和解码端的差错复原能力。并利用第三代移动通信系统的信道模型进行了差错复原技术的实验。结果表明,在应用了可逆变长编码差错复原技术后,重建图像的主客观质量得到了明显的改善。     

视频流媒体的差错控制机制

利用流媒体实时传输和实时播放的特点可以节省大量的存储空间，但视频数据的实时传输要求较高。文章主要从视频流媒体应用中的差错控制技术角度对流媒体视频质量控制进行了分析：FEC和延迟重发使传输差错的视觉效应最小化；差错复原编码机制则是在发送端先对流媒体源进行一定的编码处理，以便于发生数据包丢失的时候进行恢复；错误隐藏机制是错误已经发生以后由客户端采取的一种弥补措施。     

立体视频传输中右通道整帧丢失的错误掩盖算法

当立体视频流通过网络传输时,由于网络拥塞等造成的数据包丢失常常会引起整个视频帧丢失.鉴于此,本文基于H.264/AVC视频编码标准提出了两种立体视频整帧错误掩盖方案,它们分别利用立体视频序列的不同特点来进行恢复.结果显示,利用这两种算法恢复的图像均能获得很好的主客观质量.     

基于Internet的端到端视频传输技术研究

在分析网络视频传输结构的基础上，综合考虑了编码器端、传输信道以及解码器端的行为特征，提出了一种新的全局率失真最优化模式选择算法。有别于传统率失真优化算法的局部最优化，新的算法在全局范围内达到了编码效率和错误弹性的最佳折中，从而使得系统的整体性能达到最佳。实验表明，在与差错控制以及错误掩盖技术相结合后，新的算法大大提高了视频数据对传输错误的鲁棒性，提高了接收端的视频质量。     

IP网络上视频区分服务传输研究

文章在笔者建立的区分服务网络模型的基础上,根据视频编码的特点,提出了一种针对视帧传输的新的服务优先等级标识算法,即根据不同视频帧解码时的重要程度和网络的传输状况将不同视频帧的数据包标记为不同等级,赋予不同的质量保证。该策略是针对网络严重拥塞和极低码率视帧编码序列而提出的。实验表明,在网络严重拥塞(实际带宽低于要求带宽70%以下)、有大量数据包丢失时,也可在解码端利用差错掩盖(ErrorConcealment)技术很好地恢复出视频图像,且接收到的IP包的延迟及延迟抖动也很小,完全符合实时传输的要求。     

易错网中视频编码时域误码的优化

诸如移动网络一类的易错信道,其比特差错率相当高,在这样的信道上传输压缩视频信号是一个巨大的挑战。因此,在设计视频编码器时为得到可接受的服务质量,必须考虑信道误码率。讨论了一种有效的在易错网中传输视频信号时,优化时域误码的方法。给出一个率失真优化模式选择算法,该算法考虑了网络差错率和解码器所用的错误隐藏方法。仿真结果表明这一算法改善了视频传输的质量。     

视频数据的错误隐藏算法研究

由于实时视频数据流在存储或传输中的错误、丢包等原因,解码器接收到的数据流可能不完整,无法正常解码。错误隐藏是解决这个问题的方法之一,文章回顾了当前的主要错误隐藏算法。根据视频编码的特点,对传输信道的错误隐藏算法进行了分类,包括时间、空间、时-空结合以及频域的相关算法,并对它们进行了比较和评述;同时对存储系统的错误隐藏算法也进行了分类比较和评述。最后对未来研究方向进行了展望,给出了若干值得研究的问题。     

容错视频编码与传输技术研究

随着无线网络和多媒体技术应用的广泛和深入,在不可靠信道上传输视频的需求日益增长,视频编码和传输中的错误控制问题已经引起了广泛关注.本文全面回顾了过去10多年来的容错编码与传输技术,包括基于编码端的容错、基于解码端的差错掩盖以及信源信道联合编码.此外还对最新的视频编码标准H.264/AVC的容错工具进行了介绍并展望了容错视频编码与传输技术的发展方向.     

无线视频通信中信道自适应差错控制策略的研究

针对无线视频通信中现有的差错控制方法的缺点和局限性，根据无线信道高误码率和高时变性的特点，提出一种基于反馈的信道自适应差错控制策略．根据反馈信号预测未来信道的状态，自适应地调整冗余信息值，优化无线视频通信系统的传输效率，使其在稳定性、功率消耗和传输效率之间达到有效的折衷．仿真结果表明，该方法能有效地提高无线视频通信系统的传输效率，尤其在无线信道误码率变化剧烈的情况下，效果更加明显．     

Error-Resilient Video Encoding and Transmission in Multirate Wireless LANs

In this paper, we present a cross-layer approach for video transmission in wireless LANs that employs joint source and application-layer channel coding, together with rate adaptation at the wireless physical layer (PHY). While the purpose of adopting PHY rate adaptation in modern wireless LANs like the IEEE 802.11a/b is to maximize the throughput, in this paper we exploit this feature to increase the robustness of wireless video. More specifically, we investigate the impact of adapting the PHY transmission rate, thus changing the throughput and packet loss channel characteristics, on the rate-distortion performance of a transmitted video sequence. To evaluate the video quality at the decoder, we develop a cross-layer modeling framework that considers jointly the effect of application-layer joint source-channel coding (JSCC), error concealment, and the PHY transmission rate. The resulting models are used by an optimization algorithm that calculates the optimal JSCC allocation for each video frame, and PHY transmission rate for each outgoing transport packet. The comprehensive simulation results obtained with the H.264/AVC codec demonstrate considerable increase in the PSNR of the decoded video when compared with a system that employs separately JSCC and PHY rate adaptation. Furthermore, our performance analysis indicates that the optimal PHY transmission rate calculated by the proposed algorithm, can be significantly different when compared with rate adaptation algorithms that target throughput improvement.     

Internet视频流传输策略分析

以分组交换和TCP/IP传输协议为主要技术基础的Internet是个只提供Best-Effort的异构网络,带宽随位置和时间随机变化,由拥塞而导致的分组丢失、传输延迟及抖动不可避免。为了在Internet上有效、高质量地传输视频,需要根据信道特性设计网络和编码器接口,即JSCC(信源信道联合编码)。文中在Internet视频传输系统结构的基础上,从拥塞控制、差错控制、面向传输的视频编码等几方面分析了基于JSCC的视频传输控制策略,并对Internet视频流传输前景做了展望。     

Cross-Layer prioritized H.264 video packetization and error protection over noisy channels

Video transmission over wireless channels is affected by channel-induced packet losses. Distortion due to channel errors can be alleviated by applying forward error correction. Aggregating H.264/AVC slices to form video packets with sizes adapted to their importance can also improve transmission reliability. Larger packets are more likely to be in error but smaller packets require more overhead. We present a cross-layer dynamic programming (DP) approach to minimize the expected received video distortion by jointly addressing the priority-adaptive packet formation at the application layer and rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code rate allocation at the physical layer for prioritized slices of each group of pictures (GOP). Some low priority slices are also discarded to improve protection to more important slices and meet the channel bit-rate limitations. We propose two schemes. Our first scheme carries out joint optimization for all slices of a GOP at a time. The second scheme extends our cross-layer DP-based approach to slices of each frame by predicting the expected channel bit budget per frame for live streaming. The prediction uses a generalized linear model developed over the cumulative mean squared error per frame, channel SNR, and normalized compressed frame bit budget. The parameters are determined over a video dataset that spans high, medium and low motion complexity. The predicted frame bit budget is used to derive the packet sizes and corresponding RCPC code rates for live transmission using our DP-based approach. Simulation results show that both proposed schemes significantly improve the received video quality over contemporary error protection schemes.     

An unequal packet loss resilience scheme for video over the Internet

We present an unequal packet loss resilience scheme for robust transmission of video over the Internet. By jointly exploiting the unequal importance existing in different levels of syntax hierarchy in video coding schemes, GOP-level and Resynchronization-packet-level Integrated Protection (GRIP) is designed for joint unequal loss protection (ULP) in these two levels using forward error correction (FEC) across packets. Two algorithms are developed to achieve efficient FEC assignment for the proposed GRIP framework: a model-based FEC assignment algorithm and a heuristic FEC assignment algorithm. The model-based FEC assignment algorithm is to achieve optimal allocation of FEC codes based on a simple but effective performance metric, namely distortion-weighted expected length of error propagation, which is adopted to quantify the temporal propagation effect of packet loss on video quality degradation. The heuristic FEC assignment algorithm aims at providing a much simpler yet effective FEC assignment with little computational complexity. The proposed GRIP together with any of the two developed FEC assignment algorithms demonstrates strong robustness against burst packet losses with adaptation to different channel status.     

基于MPEG-4用户数据域的视频抗误码方法

文章根据MPEG-4视频流语法定义,针对视频流当中不同的信息内容采用不同强度的FEC进行抗误码保护,同时利用MPEG-4视频流定义中的用户数据域(user_data)标识编码器所采用的FEC,并利用user_data反馈解码错误信息,使编码端可以动态调整FEC,达到能够自适应调整纠错能力和防止误码扩散的目的。实验结果表明,在高误码率环境下使用该文提出的抗误码方法可以大大提高视频恢复的质量,并且该方法与MPEG-4标准语法兼容,在没有增加过多信道负载和运算复杂度的前提下,具有一定的实用价值。     

Robust image and video transmission over spectrally shaped channelsusing multicarrier modulation

This paper presents a new parallel transmission framework for reliable multimedia data transmission over spectrally shaped channels using multicarrier modulation. We propose to transmit source data layers of different perceptual importance in parallel, each occupying a number of subchannels. New loading algorithms are developed to efficiently allocate the available resources, e.g., transmitted power and bit rate, to the subchannels according to the source layers they transmit. Instead of making the bit error rate of all the subchannels equal as in most existing loading algorithms, the proposed algorithm assigns different error performance to the subchannels to achieve unequal error protection for different layers. The channel induced distortion in mean-square sense is minimized. We show that the proposed system can be applied nicely to both fixed length coding and variable-length coding. Asymptotic gains with respect to channel distortion are also derived. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm achieves significant performance improvement compared to the existing work, especially for spectrally shaped channels commonly used in in ADSL systems