场发射阵列阴极在行波管中的应用

给出了场发射阵列阴极的发展概况和制造方法，讨论了采用场发射阵列阴极作为行波管电子源的可能性和电子枪设计的有关问题，对采用场发射阵列阴极的行波管进行了介绍和评论。     

D波段行波管电子光学系统设计

提出一种用于D波段行波管的电子光学系统设计方案,包括电子枪和永磁聚焦系统,并进行了验证。电子枪采用经典皮尔斯电子枪结构,阴极发射面的外层设置阴极套壳,抑制阴极边缘杂散发射;采用圆柱形控制极替代锥形控制极,同时在聚焦极加负偏压,调节电子注的压缩状态。所设计电子枪工作电压为19 kV,提供电子注电流57 mA,注腰半径为0.068 mm,射程为14.9 mm。为在半径0.15 mm的电子通道中稳定地聚焦和传输电子注,永磁聚焦系统采用周期永磁聚焦系统。峰值磁场为布里渊磁场的2.9倍,增加了电子注刚性。模拟结果显示,传输的电子注最大波动半径小于0.1 mm。按所设计的电子光学系统加工组装了试验流通短管,测试结果显示电子注电流为49.83 mA,收集极电流为49.6 mA,对应电子注流通率达到99.5%,实现了设计目标。     

交叉场中曲线电子注的研究

对于交叉场系统,本文依形成电子注的综合法,导出了阴极处于任意状态下求空间电荷流和电极形状的普遍解,计算并分析了据此建立的磁控注入式电子枪和正交场电子枪的特性,讨论了阴极表面电场强度和电子初速对电子轨迹和电极形状的影响。     

毫米波带状注电子枪的设计方法

利用理论分析和仿真模拟相结合的方法对带状电子注的产生进行了系统的研究,并提出了一种带状注电子枪的设计方法.首先通过理论分析,提出了一种计算带状注电子枪结构参数的迭代算法,即根据注电压、注电流、电子注注腰处半厚度、阴极半厚度和阴极宽度,计算出带状注电子枪的阴极柱面半径、阴阳极间距、阳极柱面半径和射程等主要参数;在此基础上,通过仿真模拟,为毫米波真空电子器件设计了一种带状注电子枪.     

高功率低速度零散单阳极磁控注入电子枪的研究

该文利用基于绝热压缩原理和角动量守恒理论的解析方程组,在对电子枪相关参量分析的基础上,研究一种阴极采用鼻状辅助聚焦极的单阳极磁控注入电子枪。通过电子光学软件EGUN-226对电子枪结构进行优化设计,比较分析了不同横纵速度比对电子注轴向速度零散的影响。结果表明这种结构的电子枪可以适应比较大的电流应用。     

等离子体阴极电子枪的实验研究

填充等离子体高功率微波器件具有独特的性能.然而等离子体正离子对电子枪的轰击通常会破坏材料阴极表面并降低其电子发射能力.解决此问题的一种新方案是采用等离子体阴极电子枪.本文设计制作了等离子体阴极电子枪,采用氦气馈气系统和脉冲调制器进行实验研究,得到电子枪放电电流与气体压强、调制器电压等的关系.实验表明,等离子体阴极可取代材料阴极作为大电流、长脉冲电子注源.     

S波段大功率行波管电子枪设计

采用皮尔斯电子枪综合法设计，并在综合法设计中引入圆筒电极聚焦和双阳极设置概念，再通过Egu。数值模拟、优化，方便、快速设计出了S波段大功率螺旋线行波管高导流系数、大电流、高电流密度电子注电子枪，该电子枪成功加工装配在行波管整管中。     

带电子聚焦的氧化锌场发射背光源

液晶显示需要低功耗、均匀度好的光源作为背光源。为了降低功耗,提高显示图像质量,未来的液晶显示需要实现对背光源进行时间与阵列调制。对比现有的液晶显示用背光源,研究制备了氧化锌场发射光源。该光源采用氧化锌纳米针作为场发射阴极,采用平面栅极作为门电极调制结构实现亮度的连续可调,通过带有氧化镁二次电子发射层的金属栅网对电子进行聚焦实现光源的均匀照度。实验结果表明,带电子聚焦的氧化锌场发射光源具有较低的开启场强(1.1V/μm),较小的电压调制区间(小于150V),较高的发光强度(大于1 000cd/m2),且基于电子聚焦结构的设计,实现了光源的均匀稳定照度,可以提高液晶显示的图像质量。带电子聚焦结构的氧化锌场发射光源,既可实现对发光的时间与阵列调制,同时能提高发光的均匀性,将可作为液晶显示的理想背光源。     

微波毫米波段真空微电子器件中的电子学问题

叙述了微波毫米波真空微电子器件中阵列场发射阴极、输入和输出电路等核心部件的研究进展，讨论了克服电子横向速度分量，噪声，电导损失及发射不均匀性的方法，并对该器件内的空间电荷和阴极失效等问题进行了分析．     

S波段多注速调管电子枪设计

介绍了一种应用于S波段同轴腔高功率多注速调管的电子枪设计方案。该电子枪总电子注数目为40个(内层19个,外层21个),工作电压为60 kV,总电流为300 A(平均分配在40个电子注上),单注导流系数为0.51μP,总导流系数为20.4μP,设计的阴极电流发射密度小于12 A/cm²,电子枪内最大场强为16.6 kV/mm。为使系统小型化,采用周期反转永磁聚焦系统约束电子注,聚焦系统由四组磁钢形成三个磁场均匀区,三个均匀区的磁场逐级增大,最小磁场强度为0.11 T,最大磁场强度为0.12 T。采用三维计算软件对电子注静电轨迹、磁场分布及聚焦轨迹进行了计算和优化,设计的多注电子枪电子注通过率达到了100%。     

G波段行波管电子枪设计与实验

设计了用于G波段行波管的聚焦极调制皮尔斯电子枪,电子注电压20 kV,电流50.9 mA,注腰半径0.056 mm,射程10.3 mm。利用热-结构耦合分析和电子注轨迹仿真方法,分析了热形变对电子枪性能造成的显著影响。为了消除电子枪热形变的影响,设计了装配模具进行补偿,并得到了实验验证。该电子枪已用于多种G波段行波管,解决了关键部件技术问题。     

The Experimental Study of Novel Pseudospark Hollow Cathode Plasma Electron Gun

The high-power microwave devices with plasma-filled have unique properties. One of the major problems associated with plasma-filled microwave sources is that ions from the plasma drift toward the gun regions of the tube. This bombardment is particularly dangerous for the gun, where high-energy ion impacts can damage the cathode surface and degrade its electron emission capabilities. One of the techniques investigated to mitigate this issue is to replace the material cathode with plasma cathode. Now, we study the novel electron gun (E-gun) that can be suitable for high power microwave device applications, adopting two forms of discharge channel, 1: a single hole channel, the structure can produce a solid electron beam; 2: porous holes channel, the structure can generate multiple electronic injection which is similar to the annular electron beam.     

S波段多注宽带速调管的研制

本文介绍了S波段200kW多注宽带速调管的研究工作。给出了多注速调管及其电子光学和聚焦系统、宽带输出电路的设计和计算结果。并给出了我国第一批实验型多注宽带速调管的性能:工作电压19kV时,控制极负偏压为7kV,脉冲电流32.25A,导流系数12.3P,电子注直流通过率91.8％。最大输出功率252kW,平均功率3.5kW,效率41％,增益49dB,带宽9.1％,带内功率波动1.7dB。     

单枪彩色密封油膜光阀管的电子枪与偏转聚焦系统的对中要求

正 单枪彩色密封油膜光阀管的原理和结构见文献[1]。它的电子枪和偏转聚焦系统由于不是整体对中装配,因此存在对中公差的要求。由于电子枪的电极尺寸和各电极之间的距离可以确定,电子束的光斑大小可从电子枪的通过率和限制膜孔的大小推算出,所以电子枪与偏转聚焦系统的对中公差要求可以据此进行估计。 (一)电子枪和偏转聚焦系统的结构 单枪彩色油膜光阀管的电子枪是皮尔斯枪,在阳极上有限制膜孔。 偏转聚焦系统包括:小偏转板、预偏转板、主偏转板和漂移环等。其中预偏转板、主     

Experimental Analysis of Pseudospark Sourced Electron Beam

The pseudospark (PS) discharge has been shown to be a promising source of high brightness, high intensity electron beam pulses. The PS discharge sourced electron beam has potential applications in plasma filled microwave sources where normal material cathode cannot be used. Analysis of the electron beam profile has been done experimentally for different applied voltages. The investigation has been carried out at different axial and radial location inside the drift space in argon atmosphere. This paper represents experimentally found axial and radial variation of the beam current inside the drift tube of PS discharge based plasma cathode electron (PCE) gun. With the help of current density estimation the focusing and defocusing point of electron beam in axial direction can be analyzed.     

A new type of cathode-ray tube with a crossed-field gun

This paper introduces a new type of cathode-ray tube with a crossed-field electron gun which produces an electron beam in a region where a nonuniform magnetic field and an electric field cross perpendicularly. The new configuration gives increased freedom in the design of crossed-field guns. As a result, a long, directly heated cathode can be readily applied to a gun structure which makes high perveance and instant operation possible with much improved cathode heating efficiency. The new gun provides ion trap action by virtue of a magnetic field which separates ions from electrons due to the difference in their masses. A new type of cathode-ray tube using this gun not only demonstrates these features but also requires relatively low operational voltages for beam acceleration and control electrodes. The paper includes an analysis of electron motion in a crossed field with a nonuniform magnetic field. It also shows practical configuration of electrodes and current characteristics of the gun.     

1-Inch Saticon for high-definition color television cameras

A high-resolution 1-in TV camera tube with the Saticon photoconductive layer has been developed for live color image pickup in the high-definition television system based on 2:1 interlaced 1125 scanning lines and 60 fields per second. The inherent high-resolution capability of the Saticon photoconductive target is fully demonstrated by the use of a diode-operation electron gun having no beam crossover point. The electrons emitted from a flat barium-impregnated tungsten cathode are formed into a narrow and laminar electron beam of high current density and low beam temperature using a fine beam-defining aperture about 12 µm in diameter in the positively biased G1disc electrode. The tube has an outstanding resolving power and a low lag characteristic as well as sufficient beam current margin to handle the standard peak signal current of 0.5 µA required for a reasonably highS/Nratio in the wide-band video signal system. The applicability of the design concept to the tubes for standard TV systems is also discussed.     

The design and performance of grid-controlled, high-perveance electron guns

The focusing electrode and a probe projecting through the cathode serve as control electrodes for the current from a convergent-beam electron gun. The principal advantage of this type of "grid" is that there is no interception of the high-current-density beam by the probe-grid. This paper presents the design procedure and experimental results for typical probe-gridded guns. The design procedure is used to obtain the desired perveance, beam diameter, and approximate laminar electron flow. The probe geometry that results in a minimum beam distortion is discussed. The range of values of amplification factor obtainable and the influence of probe geometry on this factor are discussed. The magnetic field required for focusing the beam from a probe-gridded gun is compared with that required for perfect laminar flow and for focusing the beam from a nongridded gun of similar design. An electrolytic tank in conjunction with an analog computer was used to plot electron trajectories, with the effect of space charge included, for the probe-gridded gun and a similar nongridded gun. A comparison of the electron optics of the gridded and nongridded gun is made. Electrical breakdown and beam current during the interpulse time are problems considered. Methods used to minimize electrical breakdown and interpulse beam current are presented. Several models of probe-gridded guns were constructed. The measured characteristics of these guns demonstrate that the advantages of grid control can be obtained with only a minor effect on gun perveance and beam focusing.     

Low convergent confined-flow Pierce gun for a space TWT

An approach for designing an electron gun for a high efficiency, high linearity space traveling wave tube (TWT), has been presented. A low convergent (<10?:?1) Pierce electron gun of beam perveance 0.43?μP has been designed for a high gain, high linearity and high efficiency C-band 60?W Space TWT using in-house developed two-dimensional FDM based gun and collector simulation code PIERCE. In this gun, the first anode (isolated from the ground anode) has been kept nearly 100?V above the ground anode to act as an ion barrier for increasing cathode life and to regulate beam current over the lifetime of the tube. An M-type dispenser cathode of diameter 3.20?mm has been used for cathode loading of less than 1.0?A/cm² and heater wattage around 3.0?W. The magnetic focusing with integral-pole-piece barrel assembly and periodic-permanent magnets (PPM) have been designed using in house developed two-dimensional FDM based code SUNMAG. The practical problem of linking requisite cathode flux to the cathode for confined flow of the electron beam with low convergence factor has been sorted out by gradually increasing the PPM magnetic field. The magnetic field has been increased in steps from the gun and over the first five magnets varying from Brillouin field (B _B) value to twice B _B for achieving the electron beam with scalloping less than 10%. Agreements between the simulated results and the experimental results for the beam current and magnetic field profile have been achieved within 8%. The dynamic beam transmission (under rf operation of the tube) has been achieved better than 98% in the tube.     

The effect of tolerances in conical flow Pierce guns II—The perturbed flow in the magnetic field

The first-order perturbations to a beam initially in nonrippling Brillouin flow, which results from several common manufacturing errors in conical flow Pierce guns, are calculated. The manufacturing errors are changes in cathode-anode spacing, changes in cathode curvature, tilt, and transverse displacement of the cathode-focus electrode assembly, and tilt and transverse misalignment of the whole gun to the magnetic field. Errors in cathode-to-focus electrode spacing are not discussed. The tolerances which destroy the rotational symmetry of the gun are shown to cause the smooth beam to perform a helical motion; the tolerances which preserve the symmetry are shown to produce an undulating beam. Using the results of Part I of this paper [1], the magnitudes of individual gun tolerances are related to the effects they produce in the magnetic field. A method of setting limits to the individual gun tolerances is presented and illustrated by calculating tolerances for a gun used in an X-band traveling-wave tube. The calculated tolerances are found to have values which may readily be achieved by careful engineering.