Packaging polypropylene twine

Conclusions -- A method and unit have been developed for packaging involving making an unpalletized package of polypropylene twine bobbins.-- The use of the unpalletized package ensures preservation of the product quality which has been achieved in manufacturing, cuts down on manual labor, and increases the productivity of labor in the packaging process.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 55–57, September–October, 1990.     

An adaptive system of automatic control of the quality indices in the process of polyethylene terephthalate

Conclusions -- Principles for constructing an adaptive control system for qualitative indices of the polyethylene terephthalate synthesis process have been examined.-- A mathematical assurance of a control system for the basic technological stages has been developed.-- A control algorithm has been realized in the esterification stage of the synthesis process of an industrial unit, which ensures a degree of completion of the process within assigned limits.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 48–49, September–October, 1990.     

Quantitative monitoring of polyethylene glycol in aqueous dimethyl acetamide mixtures in the manufacture of synthetic fibres

Conclusions -- A photometric procedure has been developed for the quantitative determination of the PEG (5000) content in precipitation bath solutions and technological solutions in the manufacture of synthetic fibres.-- Metrological characteristics of the procedure have been calculated.-- Equations have been given which describe the linear calibration curve for determining PEG (5000) in various aqueous dimethyl acetamide mixtures.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 60–62, September–October, 1990.     

Colorimetric determination of formaldehyde content of cellulose film

Conclusions -- A selective and rapid colorimetric procedure has been developed for determining formaldehyde content in aqueous extracts of cellulose film.-- Metrological characteristics of the procedure in the formaldehyde concentration range 0.02–0.16 mg/liter have been found. The detection limit is 0.016 mg/liter of formaldehyde.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 57–58, September–October, 1991.     

Rheological properties of fibre-forming petroleum pitches

Conclusions -- The rheological properties of fibre-forming petroleum pitches have been investigated in the temperature range 230–350°C.-- The shear stresses which correspond to breakdown in pitch structure have been determined.Bashkirskii State University. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 36–37, May–June, 1991.     

Evaluating the defectiveness of yarns based on aromatic polyamides

Conclusions -- A procedure has been developed for evaluating the nonuniformity of elementary filaments in a cross section of a complex yarn.-- A procedure has been developed for estimating defectiveness and mean breaking tension of elementary filament from the results of testing the complex yarn.-- The procedures described can be used to evaluate the quality of yarns in optimizing the process of preparing them.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 37–39, July–August, 1991.     

Localization of gas evolution from a spinning package in the preparation of Ovilan-2 fibre

Conclusions A method has been developed for localizing gas evolution from a spinning package after it has been built up on a PLTs-250-I machine.The method of completely regenerating the yarn and degassing the package at a reserve site makes it possible to increase the concentration in the GAM drawn off from the centrifugal recess collector or routed to regeneration, reduce drops in concentration, and to additionally regenerate 6.5% by wt. of the carbon disulfide which has been assigned for xanthation.Degassing of a package prevents discharge of carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide into the machine servicing zone on the side of package removal.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 51–52, September–October, 1984.     

Determination of the content of residual organic solvents in biocatalyst fibres by vapor-phase chromatographic analysis

Conclusions -- A procedure of vapor-phase gas-chromatographic analysis has been developed for determining the content of residual organic solvents in biocatalyst fibres.-- The method has been tested in a number of lots of biocatalyst fibres.-- The method has passed through metrological certification.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 55–56, November–December, 1990.     

Laboratory instrument for accelerated determination of thermo-oxidative resistance of fibres

Conclusions A rapid method has been developed for determining the thermo-oxidative resistance of a fibre.An electrical laboratory instrument has been devised for determining the specific thermo-oxidative resistance of fibres in air over a wide temperature range (200–1500°C).Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 59–60, September–October, 1989.     

Investigating the process of washing out sodium thiocyanate from polyacrylonitrile tows

Conclusions -- A procedure has been developed for determining the diffusion coefficient of sodium thiocyanate in freshly formed PAN tow during wash-out which is based on refractometry.-- The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient of NaSCN has been investigated using a thermostattable cuvette.-- The distribution of NaSCN concentrations in PAN tow during the process of wash-out has been given.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 25–26, November–December, 1990.     

Search for optimum regimes in the imidization of polyamido acid in solution

Conclusions -- A mathematical model of the process of imidizing a polyamido acid in the liquid phase has been developed using the theory of neighboring group effects.-- An identification of the model has been performed using the method of moments.-- The mathematical model of the imidization process of polyamido acids has been used to calculate optimum regimes for preparing polyimide fibres.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 22–24, January–February, 1991.     

Investigation of vibro-acoustic characteristics. Design and development of means for reducing the noise of the IM-252 needle-punching machine

Conclusions -- Studies have been carried out on the vibro-acoustical characteristics of the IM-252I machine.-- The mechanism of noise generation and radiation in the operation of the needle-punching machine has been discovered.-- A vibro-acoustical model of the machine has been constructed plus a model of an anti-noise assembly.-- A new construction of the needle plate—elastic element—needle pad for the IM-252I machine has been developed, calculated and tested under manufacturing conditions; it makes it possible to reduce noise to a level which satisfies regulation standards.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 53–55, November–December, 1990.     

A rapid method of determining the aromatic polyamide content of dimethyl acetamide

Conclusions -- A rapid method of determining the polymer content of spinning solution in the concentration range from 7–20% by wt. has been developed; it is based on precipitation of the polymer in acetic anhydride, extraction of the solvent, and subsequent titration of it with perchloric acid. A comparison of the results obtained using the rapid procedure and the dry residue method has been carried out.-- The procedure developed is characterized by accuracy and rapidity in the determination.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 59–60, September–October, 1990.     

A device for control of the operation of a lay-down mechanism

Conclusions An operative method of checking the kinematic parameters of batched yarn laydown units has been proposed, which makes it possible to evaluate the operation of yarn laydown devices without partial package winding.A mobile measuring block has been developed for recording the movement and velocity of a yarn guide which can be used under manufacturing conditions.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 50–51, January–February, 1985.     

X-ray diffraction determination of the degree of crystallinity of cellulose using a computer

Conclusions -- An algorithm and a machine program have been developed for determining the degree of crystallinity of cellulosic materials, which take into account the special features of the diffraction of x-rays by the amorphous regions of cellulose having different strctures in the crystalline part.-- The error in the method has been estimated and its correlatability with another physical method of determining crystallinity of cellulosic materials has been evaluated.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 53–57, January–February, 1992.     

Morphological and structural features of polyacrylonitrile fibres spun by the dry-wet method

Conclusions -- A technological regime for the preparation of polyacrylonitrile fibres from binary and ternary copolymers has been chosen; these differ from known specimens in having a more uniform cross-sectional structure and a smoother elementary filament surface.-- A considerable difference in crystalline structure of fibres from binary and ternary copolymers which have been spun into a dimethyl sulfoxide—water bath has been shown.-- Fibres from the binary or ternary copolymer which have been spun into a precipitation bath having a large dimethyl sulfoxide content in water are characterized by a lower degree of swelling.-- Shrinkage of fibres from the binary copolymer in the temperature range 200–220°C is twice as small as the shrinkage of fibres from the ternary copolymer.Deceased.VNIIPV. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 19–22, May–June, 1991.     

Selection of microporous adsorbents for the clean-up of manufacturing waste water

Conclusions -- A procedure has been developed for selecting microporous sorbents for the clean-up of waste water, which takes into account overall the diverse technological characteristics of adsorbers.-- The procedure has been checked out as applicable to selecting carbon sorbents for cleaning up caprolactam-containing waste water in the manufacture of polyamide fibres.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 24–27, September–October, 1990.     

Basic directions of research in the area of preparing carbon fibre materials based on hydrocellulose fibres

Conclusions -- A wide assortment of CFM based on viscose technical yarn has been developed in the VNIIPV and introduced into industry.-- Basic trends of studies in the area of preparing CFM based on HCF have been defined: improvement in the quality of viscose technical yarn; solution of ecological problems in its manufacture; optimization of technology with the purpose of improving characteristics and reducing costs; the development of CFM with qualitatively new characteristics; and the search for new regions of application.VNIIPV. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 8–10, May–June, 1991.     

A method of determining high-molecular fractions in cellulose

Conclusions -- A method has been developed for determining the HMF in sulfate cellulose with a photocolorimetric determination of the weight proportion of individual fractions.-- The proposed method can be used for comparative characterization of the amount and degree of polymerization of the HMF in cellulose in plant laboratories.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 56–57, March–April, 1993.     

Application of the turbidimetric titration method to study the molecular-weight distribution of sulfite cellulose in acetylation

Conclusions -- It is recommended to the central plant laboratories of man-made fibres to use the method of turbidimetric titration to determine the molecular-weight distribution of sulfite cellulose in the process of working it up.-- A rapid method has been developed for determining a molecular-weight distribution of sulfite cellulose for acetylation using a selective solvent—precipitant system.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 36–38, November–December, 1990.