张家界不同产地杜仲叶/皮中矿质元素含量的测定及比较

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了张家界不同产地杜仲叶及皮中Fe、zn、Cu、Mn、Mg、K、Ca等7种矿质元素的含量,结果表明杜仲叶及皮中各种矿质元素含量丰富,各元素含量的高低趋势在杜仲叶中大致为：Mg〉K〉Ca〉Zn〉Fe〉Mn≥Cu,在杜仲皮中大致为：Mg〉Ca〉K〉Fe〉Zn〉Mn≥Cu。K—S检验可以看出杜仲叶及皮中各矿质元素含量均服从正态分布,LSD检验可以得出张家界不同产地杜仲叶中Fe、Mn、Mg及杜仲皮中Fe、Mn、K元素的含量存在差异性显著。这一结果可以为不同产地杜仲叶／皮的药理活性及其品质的差异提供一定的理论依据。     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定黑芝麻中的18种矿质元素

采用HNO3/H2O2湿法微波消解制样,利用全谱直读电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES),全面详细地分析测定了黑芝麻中的矿质元素,共检出Ca、P、S、Mg、K、Al、Si、Fe、Na、Zn、Se、Sr、Cu、Mn、Ba、B、Ti、Cr等18种矿质元素,RSD值在1.21%～10.1%,其中13种元素在5%以内。黑芝麻中所含人体常量元素Ca、P、S、Mg、K、Na等的质量分数分别为1.79%,1.08%,0.59%,0.43%,0.41%和0.009 1%;微量元素Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Mn、B、Cr、Sr、Si、Al等的含量分别为18.6,4.55,3.87,1.74,1.62,0.91,3.21,78.8,125.8 mg/100 g,未检出Pb、Hg、Cd、As以及Ni、Co、Mo等元素。     

红薯叶中微量元素含量的测定

用高压罐硝化法,以正交试验原理处理样品,利用ICP—AES法测定红薯叶与红薯中Mn、Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca、Sr、Se、K、Cu、Ge、P、S共12种微量元素的含量。方法回收率在95．33％-102．75％之间,相对标准偏差小于1．85％。ICP—AEs法具有灵敏度高、简单,快捷等优点,且多元素同时测定,更适合红薯叶勺红薯中金属与非金属元素的分析测定。试验证明,红薯叶与红薯一样富含Mn、Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca、Sr、Se、K、Cu、Ge、P、S等微量元素,说明红薯叶是一种既营养又绿色的蔬菜。     

全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定苦荞麦矿物元素

采用HNO3/H2O2湿法微波消解制样,采用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-OES）,分析测定了苦荞麦中的矿物元素,共检出P、S、K、Mg、Ca、Si、Al、Fe、Na、Zn、Mn、B、Cu、Se、Ti、Cr、Ba、Sr等18种矿物元素。分析结果的RSD值在0.45%～9.09%之间,其中15种元素在5%以内。苦荞麦中所含P、S、K、Mg、Ca、Na等常量元素的质量分数分别为0.21%、0.21%、0.17%、0.098%、0.019%、0.0017%;微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu、Se、Cr、Si、Mn、B、Ti、Ba、Sr、Al等的含量（mg.kg-1）分别为37.4、16.5、3.67、1.38、0.44、121.6、6.90、4.88、0.63、0.22、0.12、49.9。     

铜仁地区四种茶叶微量元素含量的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法对铜仁地区的印江梵净山绿茶、沿河谯家茗茶、石阡苔茶、松桃梵净山生态清明茶中Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu五种微量元素含量进行了测定。结果表明四种茶叶中都含有丰富的以上五种微量元素,含量大小排序都为Ca〉Mn〉Fe〉Zn〉Cu,但不同种类的茶叶中所含微量元素的量有一定的差异。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定硝酸银中的痕量元素

感光级硝酸银样品经一系列的化学处理后,上清液采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定其中Bi,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sb,Sn,Te,Se,Zn元素的含量,本方法测定Bi,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sb,Sn,Te,Se,Zn各元素均能得到良好的标准曲线,即r=0.99~1;Cu、Cr、Ni、Sb、Sn、Mn、Te、Se的回收率较好,一般可达到95%~110%,Zn、Bi、Cd、Pb的回收率较低,经常只有50%~60%。     

新疆不同产地沙枣叶微量元素测定及主成分分析

为了测定新疆不同产地沙枣叶中Li、Na、Mg、K、Al、Ca、Fe、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Ag、Cd、Hg和Pb 18种微量元素的含量,利用微波消解法对沙枣叶样品进行前处理,采用ICP-MS测定沙枣叶中18种微量元素的含量,运用主成分分析法并结合SPSS软件对测定结果进行综合分析.结果显示,检测到新疆不同产地沙枣叶中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Sr、Se的含量相对较高,未检测到重金属元素Hg、Ag,这18种元素的加标回收率为95.8％ ～ 102.3％,相对标准偏差＜3.3％.最终主成分分析选出9个主因子,得出沙枣叶的特征元素为Mg、Al、Fe、Cu、Cd、K、Se.喀什地区沙枣叶品质总体高于其他7个产区.本方法能够准确、可靠地测定沙枣叶中微量元素的含量,具有较高的灵敏度,可用于沙枣叶中微量元素的测定,为沙枣叶的深度开发利用以及产区考核提供了参考依据.     

同产地的黑米与白精米中微量元素含量的测定

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法分别测定了4组同产地的黑米与白精米中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Al、V、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Se和Mo 13种微量元素的含量,方法的回收率为87%~108%。实验证明,同产地的黑米中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Al、V、Mn和Fe元素含量多于白精米,从有益微量元素含量角度来说黑米的营养价值更高。     

ICP-OES和ICP-MS测定天然棕色棉和染色棕棉中24种元素含量

采用微波消解对天然棕色棉和染色棕棉样品进行处理,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中B、Na、Mg、Al、P、K、Ca、Ti、V、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Se、Rb、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cs、Ba、U等24种元素的含量。结果表明,与染色棕棉相比,天然棕色棉中B、Mg、P、K、Ca、Ti、V、Mn、Rb、Mo等元素含量显著偏高(P0.05),Na元素含量显著偏低(P0.05),采用聚类分析(最短距离法)对样品中24种元素含量进行处理,可正确判断天然棕色棉和染色棕棉。     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定肉苁蓉中矿质元素

经HNO3/H2O2湿法微波消解制样,利用全谱直读电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES),测定了青藏高原地区产肉苁蓉中的矿质元素。结果显示,肉苁蓉中含有Na、K、Ca、P、S、Mg、Si、Al、Fe、Li、Ti、Sr、Mn、Zn、Cu、Ba、B、Cr等18种矿质元素。测定结果相对标准偏差RSD值在0.85%～12.6%,其中14种在5%以内。常量元素中,Na、K、Ca、P、S、Mg的质量分数分别为4.03%,1.23%,0.31%,0.32%,0.29%,0.17%;微量元素中,Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr含量分别为788.3,16.87,15.29,7.18,1.24 mg/kg。     

AAS法快速测定头发中的微量元素

近年来,随着人们对健康的关心,人体内微量元素含量普遍受到人们的关注,头发与微量元素的关系受到营养学、职业医学和环境科学工作者的关注。通过动物实验、流行病学调查及临床观察治疗现已证实很多疾病与微量元素有关。为此笔者利用火焰原子吸收分光光度计,对江苏地区大学生头发进行了预处理,采用标准曲线法,对江苏地区大学生头发中铜、锌、铁、钙、铅五种元素的含量进行了测定。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定绞股蓝中微量元素

采用微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了中药材绞股蓝中Cu、Fe、Mn、Co、Zn、Cr、Mg、Ga、Sr、Ca等微量元素的含量。在最佳仪器工作条件下,各元素的加标回收率在87%~117%,相对标准偏差RSD<5.91%,分析结果对中药材中的微量元素与心血管疾病关系的研究具有一定的实际意义。     

A Comparative Study of Selected Trace Element Content in Malay and Chinese Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM) Using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS)

A total of 60 products of traditional herbal medicine (THM) in various dosage forms of herbal preparation were analyzed to determine selected trace elements (i.e., Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Se) using ICP-MS. Thirty types of both Chinese and Malay THMs were chosen to represent each population. The closed vessel acid microwave digestion method, using CEM MARS 5, was employed for the extraction of the selected trace elements. The digestion method applied was validated by using certified reference material from the Trace Element in Spinach Leaves (SRM1570a). The recoveries of all elements were found to be in the range of 85.3%–98.9%. The results indicated that Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd and Se have their own trends of concentrations in all samples studied. The daily intake concentrations of the elements were in the following order: Mn > Zn > Cu > Se > Cd. Concentrations of all five elements were found to be dominant in Chinese THMs. The essentiality of the selected trace elements was also assessed, based on the recommended daily allowance (RDA), adequate intake (AI) and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for trace elements as reference. The concentrations of all elements studied were below the RDA, AI and USP values, which fall within the essential concentration range, except for cadmium.     

用原子吸收法测定金匮肾气丸等中成药中常见微量元素

用原子吸收光谱法对金匮肾气丸、麦味地黄丸、脾肾两助丸３种中成药中的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｂｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ和Ｌｉ等９种微量元素进行了测定。结果表明,金匮肾气丸中的Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ含量远高于其它两种药,因而从微量元素的角度来看,它的补肾益精效果应该更好＾［１］。     

蔬菜中微量营养元素的测定

本文通过原子发射法对蔬菜中多种微量营养元素进行系统的研究，探讨了微量元素与土质、水质之间的关系，为确保人体微量元素的平衡，提供了理论依据。     

湿法气流床煤气化过程中N、S、As元素的迁移分析

介绍了煤中的微量元素N、S、As的可能存在形态,探讨了煤中的微量元素N、S、As在湿法气流床气化过程中可能的转化过程和分布形态,分析了影响煤中微量元素迁移的主要因素:煤质和气化条件。总结了微量元素迁移所产生的危害以及现有的处理方法,并提出应建立煤中微量元素N、S、As在湿法气流床气化过程中迁移规律的数学模型,以便对工业装置的设计运行及微量元素的有效脱除和净化提供指导。     

Trace elements in black and oil shales

Data on the abundance of trace elements in oil and black shales, as well as and the average concentrations of trace elements in these caustobioliths, are considered. In general, oil shales are enriched in Li, Be, B, Rb, Ta, and Se and depleted in Mo, Re, Ag, Au, V, Th, Cu, Hg (and, perhaps, W, As, and U) relative to black shales. Tentative values of minimal concentrations of trace elements oil shales are presented that make the integrated processing of shale organic matter economically viable to obtain by-product concentrates of valuable trace elements useful as feedstock for their recovery.     

Status of trace element emission in a coal combustion process: a review

Several important aspects are described in this paper. The occurrences of trace elements (TEs) in coal are introduced. Four main groups of trace element content level, say, >50, 10–50, 1–10 and <1 ppm, can be drawn. Trace elements partitioning in emission streams; enrichment in submicron particles; vaporization and emission in flue gas; and the mobility and leaching behavior of trace elements in coal and combustion waste are summarized. The mechanisms of trace element transformation during combustion are illustrated as following: the vaporized metals at high temperature near the combustion flame will subsequently nucleate or condense at a lower temperature downstream. These metals form a suspended aerosol along with particles. The conversion of vaporized components into various solid and/or liquid forms is the key factor influencing the final trace elements' transformation/partitioning behavior. Finally, current trace element emission control technologies are briefly introduced. To control trace elements in particle phase, electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters are mainly used. To control trace elements in vapor phase, spray dryer absorbers, wet scrubbers, condensing wet scrubbers, wet scrubbers and solid sorbent injection should mainly be used. Research needs are identified and potentially promising research topics on trace elements emission are proposed as following: (1) trace element speciation and enrichment in coal and coal ash. (2) Trace elements partitioning in combustion process. (3) Mechanisms of transformation and control technologies for easily vaporized TEs during combustion.     

西部煤中环境敏感性痕量元素的燃烧迁移行为

应用仪器中子活化( INAA)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱( ICP- AES)和原子吸收光谱( AAS)对我国西北部五个电厂原煤、底灰和飞灰中环境敏感性痕量元素的含量进行了系统测定,通过不同电厂原煤与燃烧产物中痕量元素的含量变化特征,揭示了痕量元素在不同燃烧产物中的相对富集规律.以痕量元素在不同燃烧产物中的相对富集系数为评价标准,建立了燃烧产物中痕量元素的分配模型.结合痕量元素的原始赋存状态,总结了痕量元素燃烧的迁移富集机理和环境效应.     

Trace element partitioning during the firing of washed and untreated power station coals

The effect of coal washing on trace element content and combustion behaviour of four world-traded coals has been studied at rig scale. The inputs and process outputs from a 1 MW combustion test facility, including coal, bottom ash, suspended fly ash, retained ash and flue gas, have been analysed for a standard suite of 17 trace elements. The results suggest that although coal cleaning significantly reduces the total ash content of the coal, the concentrations of individual trace elements are not reduced proportionately. Combustion of the washed coals resulted in increased concentrations of trace elements in the fly ash, although total fly ash loadings were reduced. Cleaning appeared to have little effect on concentrations of gaseous trace elements in the flue gas. The partitioning of the more volatile trace elements such as mercury and selenium between the vapour and solid phase was influenced by the amount of excess oxygen in the furnace, presumably affecting carbon-in-ash levels.The results suggest that the coal cleaning undertaken for these experiments did not significantly reduce the emissions to atmosphere of trace elements. The ultimate emissions will be determined by the efficiency of the dust capture systems.