尖晶石加入量对铬刚玉浇注料性能的影响

研究了尖晶石加入量对铬刚玉浇注料的烧结性能、抗折强度、抗热震性以及抗渣渗透和侵蚀能力的影响。尖晶石的加入使铬刚玉浇注料线变化率增大 ,显气孔率升高 ,常温强度略有降低。加入 2a %～ 3a %的尖晶石能明显改善铬刚玉浇注料的抗热震性。加入尖晶石后 ,铬刚玉浇注料的抗高钙、高铁渣的渗透、侵蚀能力有所下降     

加入纳米碳酸钙对刚玉-尖晶石质浇注料性能的影响

以烧结刚玉为骨料,电熔白刚玉粉、电熔尖晶石粉、α-Al2O3微粉、纳米碳酸钙以及水合氧化铝为基质,研究了纳米碳酸钙加入量(质量分数分别为0.4％、0.8％、1.2％、1.6％、2.0％)对刚玉-尖晶石质浇注料经不同温度处理后抗折强度、抗热震性和抗渣性的影响.结果表明:加入的纳米碳酸钙在高温下分解,并原位生成铝酸钙系矿物,能明显提高浇注料在800～1400 ℃处理后的常温和热态抗折强度;加入纳米碳酸钙能明显提高浇注料的抗热震性能,对浇注料抗高碱度渣性能的影响较小,但明显降低了其抗低碱度渣的侵蚀性和渗透性.     

尖晶石种类对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

采用板状刚玉颗粒（6～3、3～1、≤1 mm）及细粉（0.045 mm）、电熔尖晶石颗粒（≤1 mm）及细粉（0.045 mm）、烧结尖晶石颗粒（≤1 mm）及细粉（0.045 mm）、活性尖晶石微粉(d₅₀=1.82μm)、活性α-Al₂O₃微粉(d₅₀=1.68μm)、Secar 71水泥等原料制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料。研究了不同种类尖晶石（电熔尖晶石、烧结尖晶石、烧结尖晶石+活性尖晶石）对浇注料性能的影响。结果表明：1)在刚玉-尖晶石浇注料中引入不同的尖晶石对试样经110℃保温24 h烘干后的抗折强度和耐压强度影响不大，但采用电熔尖晶石能降低加水量，提高流动性，得到优良的施工性能；2)采用电熔尖晶石有利于材料的抗渣侵蚀性能，但在抗渣渗透性及抗热震性方面，烧结尖晶石更占优势；3)加入适量的活性尖晶石微粉可以弥补烧结尖晶石的不足，提高浇注料的可施工性能，但对抗热震性会产生一定负面影响。     

尖晶石粒度对高纯刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

研究了尖晶石粒度对高纯刚玉 -尖晶石浇注料的抗折强度、抗热震性、抗侵蚀性等性能的影响。实验表明 :(1)随着配料中尖晶石颗粒含量的增加 ,试样的烧后强度呈先升高后降低趋势 (烘后强度变化不明显 ) ,烧后收缩减少 ,然后变为膨胀 ;(2 )尖晶石细粉与颗粒为 1:3的试样抗热震性较好 ;(3)对于高碱度渣 ,尖晶石颗粒加入量较多的试样抗侵蚀性较好 ;(4)对于低碱度渣 ,尖晶石细粉加入量较多的试样抗侵蚀性和抗渗透性均较好。     

烧结尖晶石细粉加入量对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

为了改善刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的高温性能,以质量分数分别为10%的15~8 mm的白刚玉、58%的≤8 mm的白刚玉、5%的≤0.08 mm的白刚玉、14%的≤0.045 mm的白刚玉、9%的α-Al2O3微粉、4%的水泥制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料。在固定以5%(w)的≤0.048 mm的烧结尖晶石等量替代≤0.045 mm的白刚玉基础上,研究≤0.038 mm的烧结尖晶石等量替代≤0.045 mm的白刚玉的加入量(质量分数分别为1%、3%、5%和7%)对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:烧结尖晶石细粉的添加可以改善材料的高温抗折强度和抗热震性能,并且在≤0.038 mm的烧结尖晶石细粉加入量为5%(w)时,试样的高温抗折强度最高,抗热震性最好。分析认为,刚玉在烧结尖晶石细粉中的固溶作用,对试样的高温性能影响较大。     

烧结刚玉骨料致密度对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

为了研究烧结刚玉骨料致密度对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响,首先以工业Al₂O₃粉为原料制备不同致密度的烧结刚玉;然后以不同致密度的烧结刚玉为骨料制备刚玉-尖晶石浇注料,并研究了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的致密度、强度、抗热震性和抗渣性等性能。结果发现：1)随着工业氧化铝粉成球坯体致密度的增大,制成的烧结刚玉的致密度和晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。2)随着烧结刚玉骨料致密度的增大,刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的需水性减小;烧后浇注料的致密度和常温强度增大,抗热震性变差。抗渣侵蚀性除采用体积密度为3.45 g·cm^-3的烧结刚玉骨料的浇注料明显较差外,其他浇注料的差别不大。3)综合考虑,烧结刚玉骨料的体积密度以3.51～3.55 g·cm^-3为佳。因此,不能片面地认为烧结刚玉的体积密度越大越好;过高的体积密度会导致耐火材料抗热震性能变差,并增加耐火材料单重。     

ZrO2对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料抗热震性能的影响

为制备具有优良抗热震性能的刚玉–尖晶石浇注料,在浇注料中加入0～9%（质量分数,下同）的氧化锆,通过测试弹性模量和残余抗折强度研究了氧化锆对刚玉–尖晶石浇注料抗热震性能的影响。利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析了刚玉–尖晶石–氧化锆浇注料抗热震性能的影响机制。结果表明：刚玉–尖晶石浇注料的弹性模量随氧化锆加入量增加逐渐...     

ZrO2对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料抗热震性能的影响

为制备具有优良抗热震性能的刚玉–尖晶石浇注料,在浇注料中加入0～9%（质量分数,下同）的氧化锆,通过测试弹性模量和残余抗折强度研究了氧化锆对刚玉–尖晶石浇注料抗热震性能的影响。利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析了刚玉–尖晶石–氧化锆浇注料抗热震性能的影响机制。结果表明：刚玉–尖晶石浇注料的弹性模量随氧化锆加入量增加逐渐降低,由129 GPa（未加ZrO2）降至93.6 GPa（加入9%ZrO2）,而残余抗折强度随氧化锆加入量增加而升高,经5次1 100℃水冷热震循环后,残余抗折强度保持率由59%（未加ZrO2）提高到83%（加入9%ZrO2）。提高刚玉–尖晶石浇注料抗热震性能的机制为微裂纹增韧、ZrO2粒子弥散增强和钉扎效应等多重因素共同作用。     

α-Al2O3微粉对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

以优质白刚玉、高纯富铝尖晶石和α-Al2O3微粉(d50为4.596μm和2.148μm)为主要原料制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料,研究了α-Al2O3微粉加入量(质量分数分别为8%、12%和16%)对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:1)随α-Al2O3微粉加入量增加,浇注料基质的流动性能提高;α-Al2O3微粉粒度较细时基质的流动性较好,而α-Al2O3微粉较粗时基质的流动性变差。2)增加α-Al2O3微粉加入量,刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的密度增加,强度明显提高,抗渣侵蚀性和抗渣渗透性明显改善,但α-Al2O3微粉加入过多时其抗热震性变差。α-Al2O3微粉的合适加入量为12%。3)与钢包渣相比,LF渣对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的侵蚀性较大。4)采用优质电熔白刚玉、电熔尖晶石和α-Al2O3微粉,能够生产出性能优良的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料。     

以微孔刚玉-尖晶石骨料替代刚玉骨料制备刚玉-尖晶石浇注料

为提高钢包工作衬用刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的保温性能，以微孔刚玉-尖晶石骨料部分或全部替代同粒级的烧结刚玉骨料，制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料，对比研究了不同骨料对浇注料的体积密度、气孔率、力学强度、热导率、抗渣性等的影响。结果表明：采用微孔刚玉-尖晶石骨料部分或全部替代同粒级的烧结刚玉骨料制备的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料，其体积密度和热导率均明显降低，抗渣性能与传统烧结刚玉骨料制备的浇注料相当。将其用于钢包工作衬，有助于钢包减重，提高钢包保温性能。     

合成尖晶石

对于细分散的陶瓷粉,采用非传统的方法:盐的热分解、成份的沉淀、溶胶-凝胶技术及低温化学方法,得到合成尖晶石MgAl2O4。最初的原始材料是铝镁硝酸盐的结晶氢氧化物,在P.a和P-品质中的Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和Al(NO3)3·9H2O。这些方法使均匀的尖晶石粉末在更低的热处理温度下配制。合成尖晶石系通过X-射线分析和电子显微照片的方法来研究。     

Structure of Spinel

This paper reviews the crystal structure of compounds with the general formula AB₂X₄, which crystallize with the same atomic structure as the mineral spinel, MgAl₂O₄. Three degrees of freedom associated with the detailed atomic arrangements of spinels are considered here: (i) the lattice parameter, a ; (ii) the anion parameter, u ; and (iii) the cation inversion parameter, i. Oxide spinels are used as examples to explore the interrelationships between these parameters.     

尖晶石形成型和尖晶石添加型超低水泥浇注料的抗渣性能

研究了含有尖晶石的低水泥浇注料的抗渣性能，指出了氧化镁的加入量的影响，并研究了含有尖晶石的试样的侵蚀机理。     

Electrofused Alumomagnesium Spinel

The effect of the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio in an electrofused material obtained with the use of technical alumina and caustic magnesite is investigated. A conventionally thermostable material with minimum range of shrinkage or growth is obtained for the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio ranging from 0.38 to 0.48. The alumomagnesium material grows due to the decomposition of the solid solution, the formation of crystals of Al₂O₃ spinel on the surface, and the interaction between the latter and periclase. The distribution of the elements over the volume of spinel grains studied by x-ray spectral microanalysis confirms the suggested mechanism of growth of the spinel-bearing material upon heating.     

Inverse Spinel Pigments

The system Zn₂TiO₄-Co₂TiO₄-Ni₂TiO₄ yields a bright green pigment with the orthotitanate spinel structure. Brick-red, orange, and brown pigments are found in the system Zn₂TiO₄-Co₂TiO₄-Ni₂TiO₄.     

Formation of Silicon-Aluminum Spinel

Characterization of the intermediate cubic phase formed during the transformation of coprecipitated SiO₂-Al₂O₃ gel on heating was studied and X-ray diffraction methods are reviewed and criticized. Coprecipitated gels of different SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios were prepared; all showed a 980°C exotherm followed by crystallization of the cubic phase and liberation of SiO₂. Alkali extraction of SiO₂ showed two types present in the 980°-heated product. One variety is free amorphous SiO₂ and the other, chemically bonded to alumina in the crystalline cubic phase, was isolated and characterized as Si-Al spinel with the same composition as mullite. Thus, its formation from the gel of mullite composition shows the highest exotherm and the measured density agrees approximately with the theoretically calculated value.     

Effect of Spinel Kinds on Properties of Alumina—Spinel Castables

Effect of spinel kinds on the properties of alumina—spinel castables was investigated. The results showed that the addition of various kinds of spinels has an effect on the physical and mechanical properties of these refractory castables. The reason is that the Al₂O₃‐rich spinel precipitated Al₂O₃ and MgO‐rich spinel solid solution and formed secondary spinel. In addition, stable spinel in castables during heat treatment process was found to be more effective for enhancing cold and hot strength.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Magnesia Spinel

Results of a technological synthesis of alumina-magnesia spinel from a range of doped magnesia-containing raw materials at different temperatures under laboratory conditions are reported. Synthetic chromite-doped spinel with excess periclase is recommended for manufacture of magnesia-spinelide refractories     

Pigments of the Spinel Type

Methods for the synthesis of cobalt-bearing spinel of different compositions are proposed. The use of such spinel in production of ceramic pigments makes it possible to eliminate a whole number of defects, in particular, the surface metallization defect in ceramics, and to ensure stable properties in the end product.