工艺参数对煤矿废弃物泡沫隔热陶瓷孔结构和力学性能的影响

以煤矿固体废弃物煤矸石和煤炭伴生页岩为主要原材料,抛光渣为造孔剂、滑石为助熔剂,制备泡沫陶瓷.研究烧成温度、保温时间和球磨时间等工艺参数对泡沫隔热陶瓷孔结构、表观密度、孔隙率和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着烧成温度升高,泡沫陶瓷的孔径和孔隙率增大,材料的致密度和孔密度降低,抗压强度减小.并随着保温时间的延长,泡沫陶瓷的孔径和孔隙率先增大而后趋于平缓,发泡状况更加完善.当烧成温度、保温时间和球磨时间等工艺参数分别为1200℃、30 min和40 min时,泡沫陶瓷的孔径小且孔分布均匀,在0.6～0.8 mm孔径区间集聚度达80.6％,孔隙率大于70％,抗压强度大于12 MPa.     

工艺因素对α-Al2O3多孔陶瓷载体性能的影响

本文采用不同颗粒级配的α-Al2O3为骨料,以固相烧结法制备样品,采用扫描电镜分析试样的平均孔径;用真空法测显气孔率和吸水率;用机械拉力试验机测抗压强度。通过调整球磨时间、烧成温度、保温时间,探讨多孔陶瓷性能与工艺因素的关系。结果表明：球磨时间在1．5～2．5h,烧成温度在1200～1250℃。保温20～40min时,可制得平均孔径1～2μm、显气孔率40％～50％、抗压强度15～30MPa的α-Al2O3多孔陶瓷载体。     

Co2O3对制备CaZrO3性能的影响

以分析纯ZrO2和Ca(OH)2为原料,添加Co2 O3(加入质量分数分别为0、0.5％、1.0％、1.5％和2％)粉末,经配料、成型、干燥和烧成(1500、1550和1600℃分别保温3 h)后,通过高温固相法制备了CaZrO3试样.结果表明:随Co2 O3添加量的增加,制备CaZrO3的体积密度、线收缩率和平均晶粒...     

SiO2微粉加入量对Al2O3-SiC-Al耐火材料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉、SiC粉、α-Al2O3微粉、Al粉和SiO2微粉为主要原料,以有机硅树脂作结合剂,制备了Al2O3-SiC-Al复合材料。借助差热分析、XRD、SEM等方法研究了SiO2微粉加入量(分别为0、2%、4%、6%)对分别于300℃、500℃、800℃、1100℃、1300℃和1600℃保温3h处理后试样的烧结性能、物相组成和显微结构等的影响。结果表明:随着SiO2微粉加入量的增加,试样的强度逐渐升高,体积密度增大,显气孔率降低,并在SiO2加入量为4%时试样的物理性能达到最好;加入的SiO2微粉不仅能降低Al与周围空气中氧的反应,且与Al反应生成的Si能改善Al与SiC的润湿性,提高材料的结合能力。     

α-Al2O3纳米粉对高纯刚玉砖烧结性能的影响

研究了在刚玉砖基质中分别引入0.5%,1%,2%和3%的α-Al2O3纳米粉及分别引入4%,8%和12%的α-Al2O3微粉时对高纯刚玉砖烧结性能的影响.检测试样于1100℃、1300℃、1400℃、1500℃、1600℃和1700℃保温5 h热处理后的体积密度和强度,并用扫描电镜观察其显微结构.结果表明同时加入α-Al2O3纳米粉和α-Al2O3微粉可以促进固相烧结,改善制品烧结性能,使烧结温度降低200～400℃;当α-Al2O3纳米粉加入量为1%～2%,α-Al2O3微粉加入量为4%～8%时,烧结温度可降到1400～1500℃,此时,试样的体积密度和强度达到最佳值.其烧结机理是以扩散传质为主的固相烧结.     

Y3+掺杂对Al2O3陶瓷硬度的影响

本实验主要研究了稀土Y2O3添加量、成形压力和烧结温度等对氧化铝陶瓷的影响.研究结果表明,在Y2O3掺量为0.5wt%、压力20MPa和1 600℃烧成(保温2h)的条件下,Al2O3陶瓷的密度可达3.9g/cm3以上,其硬度也得到了很大程度的提高.微观结构分析表明,添加Y2O3不仅可以细化晶粒,还能抑制氧化铝晶粒的异常长大,使晶粒尺寸均匀而形成致密化结构.     

Bi2O3-SiO2系统固相反应研究

利用XRD、DSC研究了Bi2O3-SiO2系统的固相反应.按物质的量比1∶1将Bi2O3与SiO2混合物在一定温度下处理一定时间获得生成产物并探讨了不同反应条件下产物生成规律.结果表明:亚稳化合物Bi2SiO5在固相反应时产生,并随温度及保温时间按一定规律变化.750 ℃保温不同时间所获试样的XRD谱表明随着固相反应时间的延长,反应物Bi2O3的衍射峰减弱,生成物Bi12SiO20衍射峰增强,反应越完全.在固相反应过程中生成的亚稳相Bi2SiO5随着反应时间延长衍射峰减弱.固相反应温度由700 ℃升高至900 ℃过程中,Bi12SiO20逐渐转变为Bi4Si3O12.     

B2O3-CuO掺杂CSLST微波介质陶瓷介电性能研究

选用B2O3-CuO(BC)低熔点复合氧化物作为烧结助剂,采用固相法制备(Ca0.9375Sr0.0625)0.25(Li0.5Sm0.5)0.75TiO3(CSLST)陶瓷,研究了不同含量的BC对CSLST陶瓷的晶相组成、烧结性能及微波介电性能的影响.研究结果表明:随BC添加量的增多,CSLST陶瓷的烧结温度降低,陶瓷的微波介电常数εr和谐振频率温度系数(Τ)f下降,品质因素Qf明显降低.当BC添加量为5wt％时,在1000℃保温5h可烧结,此时陶瓷具有较佳的微波介电性能:εr=80.4,Q×f=1380 GHz,(Τ)f=- 32.89×10-6/℃.     

低温烧结Mg4Nb2O9微波介质陶瓷

研究了V2O5对Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷的烧结温度、相结构和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明,添加1％～8％的V2O5,能使该陶瓷的烧结温度降低到1000～1050℃而对其微波介电性能的影响很小,材料的主晶相为有序型刚玉结构的Mg4 Nb2O9,存在Mg4Nb2O6和Mg5Nb4O15杂相而没有检测到V2O5的存在.陶瓷的密度对微波介电性能起着决定性作用,介电常数e1与密度成线性关系(在99.99％的置信限内,其相关系数为0.98252),Q·f值与密度的关系较复杂.添加1％的v2O5,将Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷的烧结温度降低到了1050℃,得到了εr=12.72,Q·f=151040GHz的优异性能.     

CuO-B2O3掺杂对Ba4Sm9.33Ti18O54陶瓷烧结性能及微波介电性能的影响

研究了CuO-B2O3助剂对Ba4Sm9.33Ti18O54陶瓷的烧结性能和介电性能的影响,结果表明:通过共添加CuO-B2O3助剂(CB),陶瓷的烧结温度可以从1350℃降低到1050℃左右,当CB添加量达到10％时,产生第二相Ba2Cu(BO3)2,研究了CB的添加,对介电性能的影响,当CB的添加量为1wt％时,有以下微波介电性能ε=62.7,Q·f=4 270 GHz,τf=-11.1 ppm/℃.     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

ß-Al2O3 synthesis from m-Al2O3

-Al₂O₃ formation fromm-Al₂O₃ was found by a new convenient technique. By thermal decomposition of a complex compound, trioxalatoaluminate Na _x (NH₄)_3–x [Al(C₂O₄)₃]yH₂O(0.091 x 0.333;y= 3), a very fine powder ofm-Al₂O₃ was formed. The decomposition process was examined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction and the phase relation of the system Na₂O-Al₂O₃ in the midtemperature region between 600 and 1200° C is discussed briefly. The tablet ofm-Al₂O₃ was fired at 1600° C for 30 min to prepare dense-Al₂O₃ ceramics, the apparent density of which was greater than 95% of the theoretical value. The sintered tablet was examined from the structural point of view and the electrical conductivity was measured by an a.c. method to verify that the procedure of the complex decomposition is a suitable technique for-Al₂O₃ synthesis.     

Oxide/oxide composites in the system Cr2O3-Y2O3-Al2O3

Ceramic compacts in the systems Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Cr_yAl_1-y)₅O₁₂ (Cr-doped YAG) were prepared by solid state reaction in calcined co-precipitated powder mixtures of appropriate compositions. Various solid-solution phases were formed, e.g. Y₃(Al_1-xCr_x)₅O₁₂, YAl_yCr_1-yO₃ and Al_2-xCr_xO₃. Composite materials in the pseudo-binary or ternary systems Al₂O₃–Y₃Al₅O₁₂, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Al_1–xCr_x)₅O₁₂–YAl_yCr_1–yO₃–(Al_zCr_1−z)₂O₃ were obtained by hot-pressing appropriate powder precursors at 1600–1650°C for 1 h. The microstructure of the prepared materials was studied in a scanning electron microscope with element analysis facilities. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the phases present and their lattice parameters. The chemical compatibility of these phases was investigated. The results are discussed with a special emphasis on the solubility of Cr in the YAG structure, and on the compatibility relationship between Cr-doped YAG and its neighbouring phases. A gel-coating process for preparing Al₂O₃–YAG composites with tailored microstructures is also described.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.