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重金属离子的有效固化对于环境保护尤为重要.研究以固体废弃物粉煤灰为原料,在碱激发作用下制备地质聚合物固化重金属Pb2.探讨pb2+加入量对固化体强度、浸出毒性的影响,并通过浸出实验、XRD、SEM-EDS、FIIR、XPS等表征手段探究固化效果及Pb存在形式.结果 表明,粉煤灰基地质聚合物与pb2+的相容性较好,去离子水、混合酸溶液、醋酸缓冲溶液中浸出毒性实验显示地质聚合物对1%含量Pb2+固化率达99%以上,pb2浸出浓度低于国标规定(5.0 mg/L),固化体抗压强度33.5 MPa,固化效果优于32.5水泥,pb2主要以物理包胶作用被固定在地质聚合物中.200~ 800℃煅烧实验表明,地聚物Pb固化体具有一定的耐高温性能,高温下地质聚合物固化pb2+的能力和抗压强度均降低.研究可为重金属离子的固化治理提供参考. 相似文献
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利用磷酸镁水泥对Pb2+、Cd2+等挥发型重金属硝酸盐进行固化,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术手段.研究挥发型重金属对磷酸镁水泥的浸出毒性、表面微观形貌、水化产物和元素分布的影响,以及磷酸镁水泥对Pb2+、Cd2+等挥发型重金属离子的固化效果和机理.结果表明:磷酸镁水泥对重金属固化效果Pb2+>Cd2+,浸出毒性数值远低于国家标准;Pb2+促进水化过程,Cd2+抑制水化过程;Pb在磷酸镁水泥中主要以Pb2+的形态存在,Cd主要以Cd2+的形态存在,Pb2+和Cd2+分别与磷酸根生成相应的磷酸盐晶相并以此状态存在于硬化的磷酸镁水泥中. 相似文献
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碱激发胶凝材料固化Pb2+及浸出毒性的试验研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
本文对碱激发胶凝材料(碱-偏高岭土、碱-矿渣和碱-粉煤灰)与水-水泥体系固化Pb2+进行了试验研究,其中水-水泥体系为对比样.结果表明:与水泥相比,碱激发胶凝材料能显著降低重金属离子(Pb2+)浸出浓度,其规律性与其NH+4交换容量大小的规律性一致,与其固化体的抗压强度的大小没有相关性;水泥固化重金属离子Pb2+在养护28 d后还不断浸出,而碱激发胶凝材料固化重金属离子Pb2+在养护28 d后已稳定. 相似文献
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研究了循环流化床超细粉煤灰(CFA)基地质聚合物固化Zn2+.首先研究了Zn2+的加入对固化体强度的影响,并通过浸出实验、EDS、XRD、FT-IR等表征手段探究了固化效果和固化机理.Zn2+以Zn(NO3)2· 6H2O的形式加入,掺量分别是0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%(均以硝酸锌占CFA的质量百分含量表示).研究证明,CFA基地质聚合物和Zn2+具有较好的相容性,微观结构致密,90 d空白样品强度达到85.2 MPa,1.5wt%Zn2+掺量下强度仍保持50%左右,CFA基地质聚合物能很好地实现大掺量Zn2+的固化,固化率在99%以上.Zn2+的固化存在物理(ZnO为主)和化学(含Zn新相)两种作用. 相似文献
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粉煤灰基地质聚合物固化Pb2+的化学形态分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用连续化学萃取法,对比分析了粉煤灰基地质聚合物和水泥中Pb2+的化学形态及迁移规律.试验结果表明:中性环境下粉煤灰基地质聚合物与水泥对Pb2+的固化能力相当,但Pb2+的存在形态不同; 在加速试验条件下,粉煤灰基地质聚合物对Pb2+的捕集率超过水泥.试验环境由中性向酸性转化时,水泥固化体中Pb2+由Ⅴ型向Ⅳ、Ⅲ型迁移,粉煤灰基地质聚合物中Pb2+由Ⅴ型向Ⅱ型迁移.粉煤灰基地质聚合物与水泥固化Pb2+的固化机理与迁移规则存在差异. 相似文献
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研究利用高炉矿渣(BFS)、粉煤灰(FA)作为原材料制备地质聚合物。以氢氧化钠与水玻璃作为碱激发剂,在碱激发条件下制备地质聚合物固化二价铅离子(Pb2+)。研究Pb2+的掺量对固化体强度的影响,并通过浸出毒性实验、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等表征分析、防辐射实验测试,探究其固化效果与固化机理。结果表明,高炉矿渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物与Pb2+具有良好的相容性,且固化体在28 d最高抗压强度可以达到43 MPa,Pb2+的添加质量分数为1%时能提高其固化体的强度。浸出实验表明,固化体对质量分数为1% Pb2+的固化效率在97%以上。微观分析认为大部分重金属是以羟基配合离子的形式被物理封装在地质聚合物内部。防辐射实验测试表明,Pb2+的掺量与高炉矿渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的γ射线屏蔽效果成正相关,实验中Pb2+最优掺入质量分数为3%,线性吸收系数和半衰减层厚度最优值分别为0.222 0 cm-1和2.309 5 cm。 相似文献
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高聚物萃取分离光度法测定Pb2+ 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
《化学世界》2003,44(4):185-187
利用非挥发性水溶性高聚物的水溶液在无机盐存在下可分成两相的特点,讨论了Pb2+、Cd2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Zn2+混合液中Pb2+的分离和测定条件,实现了Cd2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Zn2+与Pb2+的定量分离和测定,结果表明方法简便、可靠、快速,在Pb2+含量0~4.0μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系.回收率在95%~105%. 相似文献
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研究了Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+与钠型斜发沸石和NH4+-Ca2+-Mg2+与铵型斜发沸石的离子交换平衡,分别测定出2个体系的离子交换平衡数据,并利用三维坐标绘制出三元离子交换平衡等温面,计算出改型沸石对体系中离子的分离因数. 结果表明,在Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+溶液体系中,Na+的分离因数>10,Ca2+的在0.4~10之间,Mg2+的小于0.4,斜发沸石离子交换顺序为Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+,且温度升高Ca2+和Mg2+的交换能力增强,而低温则有利于沸石对Na+的选择;在NH4+-Ca2+-Mg2+溶液体系中,NH4+的分离因数>15,Ca2+的在0.2~1.5之间,Mg2+的小于0.2,斜发沸石离子交换顺序为NH4+>Ca2+>Mg2+,且温度升高Ca2+和Mg2+的交换能力增强,NH4+的选择性降低. 相似文献
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应用水热技术制备了二元Ni2+-Fe3+-CO23- LDHs和三元Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-CO32- LDHs,以十二烷基磺酸根离子作为插层客体,通过离子交换反应在酸性溶液中实现了十二烷基磺酸根插层Ni2+-Fe3+ LDHs和Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs。十二烷基磺酸根在Ni2+-Fe3+LDHs层间出现了2种空间导向和排列:即十二烷基磺酸根以单层垂直方向排布和以双层垂直方向排布在层间;十二烷基磺酸根在三元组分Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs层间只有一种空间排列方式,即十二烷基磺酸根以单层垂直方向排布于Co2+-Ni2+-Fe3+-LDHs层间。 相似文献
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Harold Basch Shmaryahu Hoz Moshe Goldberg Leonard Gamss 《Israel journal of chemistry》1991,31(4):335-343
Multiply charged ions show novel energetic features which can potentially have useful photophysical properties. In order to investigate these interesting type systems, energy interaction curves for the ground and excited electronic states of O2+2, SO2+, and S2+2 have been generated by the ab initio complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (CAS-MCSCF) method. The calculations were carried out in a triple-zeta sp plus double-zeta d Gaussian function basis set using compact effective potentials to replace the core electrons. In order to gauge the accuracy of the results, analogous calculations were carried out on the valence isoelectronic N2 and NO+ systems for which experimental information is available for comparison of geometric and spectroscopic properties. Diverse high energy spectroscopy experiments on O2+2 are interpreted and reconciled using the calculated ground and excited state energy interaction curves. Special attention is paid to the 3Σ+u state, whose location and character have been particularly puzzling. Almost all the dication molecular states studied show the characteristic avoided crossing of diabatic states which gives a trapped equilibrium structure and a barrier to dissociation. These features make the dication kinetically stable, but thermodynamically unstable with an exothermic dissociation energy. The spectroscopy experiments on O2+2 show that these states are experimentally attainable. 相似文献
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粉煤灰及膨润土对Ni^2+,Zn^2+,Cd^2+,Pb^2+的吸附研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究了粉煤灰和膨润土对溶液中有毒重金属离子Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附能力。动态吸附试验显示,吸附过程是快速的。试验结果表明:粉煤灰对Zn~(2 )的吸附能力和膨润土相当,对Ni~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附能力均大于膨润土。平衡吸附模型说明在高浓度下,Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pd~(2 )在粉煤灰中,Ni~(2 )、Pd~(2 )在膨润土中的吸附符合Langmuir模式。试验还表明:随着吸附剂中Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd含量增加,粉煤灰和膨润土对Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附百分率下降。 相似文献
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The reduction rate of Cr3+ by eaq was determined, k8 = 1.7 × 1010 M?1 s?1. The reaction of Cr2+ with O2 was studied, k2 = 1.6 × 108 M?1 s?1. The spectrum of CrO2+2 was obtained both with the pulse radiolysis method and by mixing Cr2+ with excess of O2. It was shown that CrO2+2 decays slowly to yield HCrO?4. The results suggest that the reaction of Cr2+ with O2 is a two electron transfer process. 相似文献
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Woohyun J. Moon Prof. Dr. Juewen Liu 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2020,21(3):401-407
It has been proposed that Mg2+ and Fe2+ are very similar in interacting with ribozymes and some protein-based enzymes, but their activities with DNAzymes have yet to be studied. Here, the activity of Fe2+ as cofactor for a few RNA-cleaving DNAzymes is investigated. 17E is a well-studied DNAzyme that is active in the presence of many different divalent metal ions; it is highly active with Fe2+ with an apparent Kd of 29.7±2.3 μm and a kobs of 1.12±0.11 min−1 in the presence of 1 mm Fe2+ at pH 7.5. Fe2+ has 21-fold higher activity than Mg2+. Six different DNAzymes are then tested, and only the DNAzymes active with Mg2+ (17E, 8–17, and E5) are active with Fe2+. Fe2+ has 25 and one- to twofold higher activity than Mg2+ for the 8–17 and E5 DNAzymes, respectively. In pH>7 buffer and in presence of air, 1 mm Fe2+ results in a nonspecific degradation of the DNA strand due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cleavage reactions in anoxic environment and antioxidant ascorbate can be used to overcome the effect of oxidation. The findings provide insights for potential DNAzyme catalysis in the early Earth, and they further support the similarity between Mg2+ and Fe2+ in enzyme catalysis. 相似文献
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W. E. Blake J. Randle 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1967,17(12):358-360
Very dilute solutions containing zinc sulphate, sodium and sulphuric acid were passed down a column of Zeo-Karb 225 cation-exchange resin, and the volume at which zinc first appeared in the effluent (breakthrough volume), together with the volume at which the concentration of zinc in the effluent became equal to its concentration in the influent (equivalent volume), were determined. 相似文献