七叶鬼灯檠挥发油及不同提取物抑菌活性的研究

研究了七叶鬼灯檠根状茎的挥发油及不同提取物的体外抑菌活性,为七叶鬼灯檠资源开发利用提供科学依据。采用滤纸片法和牛津杯法对七叶鬼灯檠根状茎挥发油及其甲醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯提取物体外抑菌能力进行评价。结果表明,七叶鬼灯檠根状茎挥发油表现出较强的抑菌活性,对肺炎克雷伯氏菌抑制作用最强,其次为巨大芽孢杆菌和粘红酵母,抑菌圈直径分别为(29.11±0.31)、(26.77±0.35)、(26.20±0.62)mm。在不同溶剂提取物中,丙酮提取物和甲醇提取物均有明显的抑菌效果,解脂假丝酵母对提取物最敏感。七叶鬼灯檠的挥发油及提取物含有天然抑菌活性物质,具有光谱的抑菌效果,值得进一步开发利用。      

竹叶精油组分构成及其抑菌活性的研究

目的研究竹叶精油的化学组分构成,并考察其体外抑菌活性。方法以食品常见腐败菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母)作为供试菌,采用平板打孔法对竹叶精油的抑菌活性进行研究;并通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对竹叶精油的组分构成进行分析鉴定。结果竹叶精油共鉴定出41个化合物,含量占挥发性成分总量的97.36%,主要成分为棕榈酸(19.35%)、植物醇(10.54%)和二十五烷(9.89%)等。竹叶精油对4种供试菌株均有抑制作用,研究发现大肠杆菌是最敏感的,其最小抑菌浓度为0.56 mg/mL。结论本研究可为竹叶精油在食品工业中的深入利用提供一定的理论技术支持。     

Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from pine needle (Cedrus deodara)

The chemical composition of essential oil from pine needles (Cedrus deodara) was determined, and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Twenty-three components, representing 95.79% of the oil, were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The main components include α-terpineol (30.2%), linalool (24.47%), limonene (17.01%), anethole (14.57%), caryophyllene (3.14%), and eugenol (2.14%). Pine needle essential oil showed remarkable antioxidant activity in scavenging free radicals, in lipid peroxidation, and in reducing power assays. Moreover, the essential oil revealed strong antimicrobial activity against typical food-borne microorganisms, with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of 0.2 to 1.56 and 0.39 to 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. Transmission electron microscope observation ascertained that the bactericidal mechanism of pine needle essential oil may be the induction of cytoplasmic outflow and plasmolysis. These results suggest that the essential oil from pine needles has potential to be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present study provides a theoretical basis for the potential application of essential oil from pine needles (C. deodara) to be used as a natural resource of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in food industry.     

GC/MS analysis and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of Eucalyptus radiata

BACKGROUND: The essential oil from Eucalyptus radiata leaves collected in Tunisia was extracted by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography/flame ionisation detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Its antioxidant and antiradical properties were evaluated by the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was examined in vitro against two plant‐pathogenic bacteria (four strains each of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi) and two plant‐pathogenic fungi (Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani). RESULTS: Thirty‐five compounds were identified and quantified in the essential oil, the major ones being 1,8‐cineole (69.53%), α‐pinene (11.94%) and trans‐pinocarveol (4.81%). Medium antioxidant activity was found in the ABTS assay (IC₅₀ = 484.3 ± 17.3 mg L^?1), whereas no significant free radical‐scavenging activity was detected in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀ > 10 000 mg L^?1). The antimicrobial assays showed that the oil exhibited a high level of activity against A. tumefaciens and R. solani, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 750 and 1000 µL L^?1. However, it was less efficient against P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi and F. solani. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the essential oil of E. radiata, with a high content of terpenic compounds, exhibits significant antimicrobial activity against strains of A. tumefaciens and the fungus R. solani and may therefore be useful for their control. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and various oleoresins of Elettaria cardamomum (seeds and pods)

BACKGROUND: This paper describes the chemical analysis of the essential oil and various oleoresins of Elettaria cardamomum (seeds and pods) by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. It also compares the effects of the different extraction solvents used (chloroform, methanol, ethanol and diethyl ether) on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and oleoresins. RESULTS: The essential oil was found to contain 71 compounds. The major components were α‐terpinyl acetate (44.3%), 1,8‐cineole (10.7%), α‐terpineol (9.8%) and linalool (8.6%). The chloroform and methanol oleoresins both contained α‐terpinyl acetate (21.8 and 25.9% respectively) as the main component, while 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (28.9%) was the most abundant compound in the ethanol oleoresin. However, very few components (total 0.61%) were found in the diethyl ether oleoresin. The antioxidant activities of the essential oil and oleoresins, studied in mustard oil by monitoring the peroxide value of the oil substrate, were comparable to those of the synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 0.02% concentration. The essential oil exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the micro‐organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi at 3000 ppm by the agar well diffusion method. Antifungal activity was tested against the food‐borne fungi Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Fusarium graminearum and Penicillium madriti. The methanol and ethanol oleoresins gave the best results against A. terreus at 3000 ppm by the poison food method. CONCLUSION: This study provides important information about the chemistry and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of E. cardamomum. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

牛至精油-白藜芦醇乳液的制备及抑菌活性研究

基于牛至精油具有较强的刺激性气味、白藜芦醇溶解性低,以及二者稳定性差的应用缺陷,构建以酪蛋白酸钠为乳化剂,菊粉和阿拉伯胶为稳定剂,牛至精油为油相并包埋白藜芦醇的乳液;以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为目标微生物,探讨牛至精油、白藜芦醇、牛至精油-白藜芦醇及其乳液的抑菌效果,以及4,25℃储藏期间抑菌效果的变化,并在鲜切卷心菜中初步应用。结果表明:牛至精油和白藜芦醇对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌有很好的协同抑菌作用;2.0%菊粉/阿拉伯胶可以提高牛至精油-白藜芦醇的抑菌效果;乳液可降低二者的氧化降解速率并保护其生物活性,乳液4℃贮藏20d,25℃贮藏12d后仍有较好的抑制作用。接种鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的鲜切卷心菜在牛至精油-白藜芦醇及其酪蛋白酸钠、酪蛋白酸钠-菊粉/阿拉伯胶乳液中处理1min,8℃储藏4d后菌落数分别降低了1.52,2.04,2.67,2.98lg CFU/g。     

蒌叶挥发油的提取及抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

采用水蒸气提取法对蒌叶挥发油进行提取,在单因素实验的基础上,以正交实验筛选最佳的提取工艺条件;同时考察蒌叶挥发油抗氧化和抑菌活性。结果表明,蒌叶挥发油提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比m_干蒌叶粉∶V_水=50∶1000（g/m L）,超声时间为30 min,超声温度70℃,超声功率192 W,加热回流提取4 h,蒌叶挥发油的得率为2.96%。蒌叶挥发油清除DPPH·和·OH的IC₅₀分别为33.19、71.11μg/m L;挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、四联球菌、藤黄八叠球菌、白色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉、毛霉、青霉均有明显的抗菌活性,其MIC分别为0.625、1.25、0.625、0.625、0.625、2.50、1.25、0.313、0.625、0.313 mg/m L,故蒌叶挥发油具有较强的抗氧化和抑菌活性。      

荷花蜂花粉精油化学成分及生物学活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取荷花蜂花粉精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析其化学成分,并测定精油的抗菌活性和金属离子螯合作用。从精油中共鉴定出44个化合物,占挥发油总量的82.74%,主要成分有十五烷、棕榈酸、石竹烯氧化物、1-石竹烯、α-松油醇、二十一烷、8-十七碳烯等。精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌有一定抑制作用,对金属离子有较好的螯合作用,且样品量与抗菌活性和金属离子螯合率呈量效关系。      

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Anzer tea essential oil

Anzer tea (Thymus praecox, subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus) naturally grows in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Anzer tea, a creeping plant with crimson‐pink flowers, is important for honey production in the region. In the present study, content, composition and antimicrobial properties of Anzer tea's essential oil were investigated. Essential oil content of dried aerial plant parts varied between 1.53% and 2.05%. Essential oil composition was studied by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and 26 components were identified. The major components were thymol (47.45%), γ‐terpinene (8.73%), p‐cymene (8.30%), terpinyl acetate (4.88%) and carvacrol (4.66%). Essential oil was also screened for its antibacterial activity. In a screen for antibacterial activity, Anzer tea essential oil had significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

茶多酚-肉桂精油复合保鲜剂抗氧化活性及抑菌作用

为了研究茶多酚-肉桂精油复合保鲜剂抗氧化活性和对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。采用体外抗氧化法测定了复合保鲜剂抗氧化能力。通过抑菌圈大小确定抑菌效果和最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,结合抑菌活力、细菌生长曲线、细胞壁完整性和细胞膜通透性,综合评价复合保鲜剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的影响。结果表明,复合保鲜剂清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的IC50分别为4.02μg/m L、9.15μg/m L、0.61 mg/m L。复合保鲜剂能够有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,MIC为0.5 mg/m L,且能够破坏细胞壁和细胞膜。综上所述复合保鲜剂具有很强的抗氧化活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌有很好的抑菌效果,其可能的抑菌机理是破坏细胞壁,影响细胞膜的通透性。      

Constituents of the essential oil of Sideritis cretica boiss

The essential oil constituents of Sideritis cretica Boiss have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Over 30 compounds were identified or partially identified in the oil which was obtained by steam distillation. The compounds reported in this work are: limonene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, hexanol, nonanal, 1-octen-3-ol, a-copaene, linalool, octanol, 1-terpinen-4-ol, caryophyllene, pulegone, β-farnesene, terpineole, borneol, carvone, naphthalene, zingiberene, trimethyl-dihydro-naphthalene, β-cadinene, ar-curcumene, anethol, damascenone, calamene, colacorene, hexenyl benzoate, γ-decalactone, drimenol, thymol, carvacrol, diterpenes, diethyl phthalate and benzyl benzoate.     

龙脑樟鲜叶挥发油成分及其抗菌活性的研究

目的:研究龙脑樟鲜叶中挥发油的化学成分和抗菌活性。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取龙脑樟叶中挥发油;通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术分析挥发油化学成分;采用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法分别测其对细菌、酵母菌和霉菌的抑菌圈直径和最小抑菌浓度（MIC值）,以评估挥发油的抑菌性能。结果:GC-MS结果表明该挥发油有27种组成成分,占整个挥发油的98.14%,其中以右旋龙脑（81.58%）、樟脑油（2.96%）和α-蒎烯（2.03%）为主要成分;该挥发油及其主要成分右旋龙脑对实验所选的细菌、酵母菌和霉菌三类微生物均表现出一定的抗菌效果。其中,挥发油对所测菌的抑菌直径范围为（9.21±0.6）～（22.12±1.30）mm,而右旋龙脑组分对所测菌的抑菌直径范围为（7.32±0.5）～（20.42±1.40）mm;对应两种物质对所测菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC值）范围分别为（31.25～125）μg/mL和（62.5～125）μg/mL。结论:该研究为龙脑樟叶的综合利用及天然右旋龙脑药用资源的研究开发提供参考依据。      

甜橙精油的化学成分、抑菌和抗氧化活性研究

采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对甜橙精油的挥发性成分进行分析,通过抑菌圈实验和试管二倍稀释法对其抑菌效果、最低抑菌浓度（MIC值）进行测定,采用3种方法（DPPH、ABTS和FRAP）对甜橙精油的抗氧化活性进行体外评价。结果表明:甜橙精油含有101种组分,鉴定出50种成分,主要为脂肪族（5.96%）和萜类化合物（78.39%）;甜橙精油对6种供试菌均有较明显的抑制作用,其中对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用最强（MIC值7.5μL/m L）,绿色木霉最弱（MIC值15μL/m L）;甜橙精油对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基有明显的清除作用,样品量与清除率间呈量效关系。      

牛至油、香芹酚、柠檬醛和肉桂醛抗真菌研究

采用纸片扩散法以及双倍稀释法研究牛至油、香芹酚、柠檬醛和肉桂醛对面包酵母和黑曲霉的抑菌效果、最小抑菌浓度(CMIC)和最小杀菌浓度(CMFC)。结果表明,牛至油、香芹酚、柠檬醛和肉桂醛对面包酵母和黑曲霉均有明显的抑制作用。抑菌效力相比较,对面包酵母的抑制效果:肉桂醛>香芹酚>牛至油>柠檬醛;对黑曲霉的抑制效果:香芹酚>牛至油>肉桂醛>柠檬醛。因此,牛至油、香芹酚、柠檬醛和肉桂醛可以作为天然抑菌剂应用于食品加工中。     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Amomum tsao‐ko

BACKGROUND: The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried fruits of Amomum tsao‐ko was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 16 micro‐organisms using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. RESULTS: Seventy‐three compounds, constituting about 97.56% of the total oil, were identified. The main components were 1,8‐cineole (45.24%), ρ‐propylbenzaldehyde (6.04%), geraniol (5.11%), geranial (4.52%), α‐terpineol (3.59%) and α‐phellandrene (3.07%). The essential oil showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all the tested micro‐organisms, including Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and fungi. The oil exerted the strongest bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus CCTCC AB91118, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of 0.20 g L^?1. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the Amomum tsao‐ko essential oil could be one of new medicinal resources for antibacterial and antifungal agents. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

山苍子精油与食品添加剂对水产品腐败菌的联合抑制作用研究

目的研究山苍子精油与食品添加剂对水产品腐败菌的联合抑制作用。方法采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对山苍子精油的化学组分进行分析;然后以腐败希瓦氏菌SM-R2、莓实假单胞菌SM-R1、摩拉维亚假单胞菌SM-T1为研究对象,采用微量肉汤稀释法研究5种食品添加剂的抑菌活性;通过棋盘稀释法研究山苍子精油与聚赖氨酸及柠檬酸的联合抑菌效应。结果从山苍子精油中检测出16种单体化合物,且主要成分为柠檬醛,相对含量为62.7%;天然防腐剂聚赖氨酸和柠檬酸对3株受试腐败菌株具有显著抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度分别为0.25、2 mg/mL;山苍子精油与聚赖氨酸联合抑菌时具有相加效应。结论将山苍子精油与聚赖氨酸联合使用具有相加效应,能有效扩大精油抑菌范围并减少其使用量,有望应用于冷藏水产品的绿色保鲜。     

蜡样芽胞杆菌生长特性及大蒜精油对其抑菌活性的研究

主要研究了37℃条件下3种蜡样芽胞杆菌在营养肉汤中的生长状况,建立了37℃下蜡样芽胞杆菌在营养肉汤中的Boltzmann牛长模犁,3条牛长曲线相关系数鼯均大于0．97;检测了不同培养时间蜡样芽胞杆菌的产芽胞情况,结果表明1号菌株和14号菌株较早产芽胞,培养相同时间,产芽胞数：1号菌株,4号菌株〉标准菌株;采用牛沣杯法和平板计数法研究了大蒜精油对蜡样芽胞杆菌的抑制效果,结果表明浓度为lO。的人蒜精油对3种蜡样芽胞杆菌都有很好的抑制效果,3种菌株中l号菌株最难抑制。     

茶叶挥发性成分及其生物活性的研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法分别从新鲜的茶叶和加工后的新茶中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油中的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个成分的相对百分含量。从新鲜茶叶挥发油中鉴别出51种成分,从加工后的新茶挥发油中鉴别出45种成分,两者挥发油成分存在着一定的差异。对新鲜茶叶挥发油和加工后的新茶挥发油做了抗氧化试验和抗菌试验,结果表明,两者挥发油对·OH均有清除作用,新鲜茶叶挥发油对·OH有较强的清除作用,两者挥发油对试验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用。     

The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Origanum syriacum L var bevanii

The present work examines the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil and various extracts from the herbal parts of Origanum syriacum L var bevanii. Polar subfractions of methanol extracts from both deodorised and non‐deodorised materials showed the highest DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl) radical‐scavenging activity, with IC₅₀ values of 21.40 and 26.98 µg ml^?1 respectively, whereas the IC₅₀ of the essential oil was 134.00 µg ml^?1. The antioxidant potential of the extracts appeared to be closely related to the presence of polar phenolics. However, the inhibitive effect on linoleic acid oxidation might be promoted by the presence of non‐polar phenolics, as both hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed high antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was superior to those of the other extracts. Nineteen compounds representing 962 g kg^?1 of the essential oil were identified; carvacrol (669 g kg^?1) was the main component. Overall, the results suggest that the essential oil and extracts from the herbal parts of O syriacum could be used as natural preservative ingredients in the food industry. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

琼产艾纳香叶精油的抗氧化和抗菌活性

采用水蒸气蒸馏法收集琼产艾纳香叶精油,经过GC-MS分析,精油中45种化合物被定性检出,主要是单萜类(48.55%)和倍半萜类(39.91%),相对含量列前五位的组分分别是(-)-龙脑(28.45%)、石竹烯(22.98%)、樟脑(9.56%)、α-荜澄茄烯(8.32%)和β-蒎烯(4.32%)。经过DPPH自由基清除试验、β-胡萝卜素漂白试验和硫代巴比妥酸法试验发现精油具有较强的抗氧化活性。琼脂扩散法和琼脂稀释法证实精油对6种受试菌都有抑制活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌、假丝酵母和黄曲霉具有较好的抑制能力(MIC:625μg/mL),对大肠杆菌、李斯特氏菌和沙门氏菌也表现出了抑制能力(MIC:2 500μg/mL)。以上结果证实琼产艾纳香叶精油具有明显的抗氧化和抗菌活性,拥有成为食品和化妆品的天然抗氧化剂及抗菌剂的潜力。