共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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氟盐冷却高温堆(FHR)采用氟盐冷却球形燃料元件,其中子物理计算面临双重不均匀性问题:燃料球在堆芯内的随机排布和包覆燃料颗粒在燃料球中的随机排布。此问题是该堆型设计中面临的主要挑战之一。本文基于MCNP程序和固态燃料钍基熔盐堆(TMSR-SF1)模型完成了不同燃料球床与燃料球描述对关键中子学参数(如keff、堆芯能谱、控制棒价值和温度系数等)的影响分析。燃料球床描述使用随机序列添加(RSA)方法建立了随机球床模型与体心立方(BCC)结构的等效规则模型。包覆燃料颗粒描述则基于简立方(SC)等效模型利用MCNP程序中的URAN卡实现随机扰动。结果表明,包覆燃料颗粒随机分布的影响远小于燃料球随机分布的影响;尽管具有相同的总堆积密度,等效规则模型相比于随机球床模型会增加堆芯中子的泄漏,低估冷态满装载反应性约0.5%,高估控制棒价值约5%。 相似文献
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强内热源球床通道单相对流换热特性实验研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
球床水冷反应堆的堆芯为球形燃料元件堆积成的多孔通道,具有显著的强化换热作用。球床通道内的孔隙因具有多变性、随机性的特点,换热情况非常复杂,相关研究较少。为了研究含内热源球床通道内的换热特性,本文用直径为8 mm碳钢球堆积形成球床,以蒸馏水为工质,采用电磁感应加热方式对球床进行整体加热,研究球床通道内部的换热特性。通过对实验数据进行分析,得到了球床通道内部的功率分布和换热系数随热流密度、工质Re的变化规律,根据实验数据拟合得到了球床通道内平均换热系数的无量纲准则关联式,拟合结果与实验结果的相对偏差在12%以内,符合良好。 相似文献
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球床反应堆的功率密度高、堆芯尺寸小、裂变产物完全包容,在空间核动力系统中具有广泛的应用前景。针对空间核电推进球床反应堆,开发了稳态热工水力分析程序,对堆芯进行了全功率稳态运行工况下的热工水力设计优化及安全特性分析,重点优化冷、热孔板孔隙率以消除堆芯热点。计算结果表明,燃料球中心最高温度距燃料熔点具有873 K的安全裕量,冷孔板孔隙率对堆芯流量分配几乎没有影响,孔隙率峰值比为2.0的热孔板可有效避免堆芯热点,此外增大冷却剂入口压力会减小堆芯的压损。本文结果可为空间核电推进球床反应堆的设计及安全特性分析提供建议与指导。 相似文献
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HTR-10堆芯球流运动的唯象学DEM模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
清华大学研发的10 MW高温气冷堆(HTR-10)是国际上重要的先进实验反应堆,球流运动的研究具有基础性地位。通过唯象的方法对HTR-10堆芯的球流运动进行了离散元数值模拟,通过已由实验验证的计算程序,采用与HTR-10堆芯1∶1的计算模型,计算了27 000个元件单元的运动,包括不同摩擦系数f和不同底部锥角A下的球流运动。结果表明:在HTR-10堆芯设计条件下,球流运动较均匀,堆芯底部不存在滞留区;f越大或A越大,堆芯球流越均匀,表现出更好的整体性向下运动;当f达到0.8上限时,HTR-10堆芯球流依然保持了整体性运动,底部无任何被滞留的球。本工作对进一步优化球床式高温气冷堆堆芯设计具有重要意义。 相似文献
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更准确地模拟球床式高温气冷堆堆芯温度分布,是反应堆安全分析尤其是超高温运行研究中的关键问题之一。由于堆芯球流运动具有不确定性,石墨块和碳砖等结构材料采用散体布置,堆内冷却剂流道复杂,对热工水力准确模拟造成困难,可进一步优化。本文结合HTR 10的结构特点和流道特征,简要分析了堆芯传热过程,说明了在热工模拟中准确划分结构和流道对获取更精确的堆芯温度分布的重要意义。详细梳理了冷却剂流动路径,改进了在THERMIX程序下建立的HTR 10原有热工分析模型,更合理地模拟了堆芯冷却剂漏流行为,使得模型对堆芯冷却剂流动和传热过程的描述更准确。与试验数据对比,改进后的模型对堆芯外围系统的温度分布模拟准确性显著提升。计算结果表明,反应堆在额定设计工况下满功率稳态运行时,燃料和反射层最高温度均未超过材料的耐热限值。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(8):734-744
A pebble bed reactor generally has double heterogeneity consisting of two kinds of spherical fuel element. In the core, there exist many fuel balls piled up randomly in a high packing fraction. And each fuel ball contains a lot of small fuel particles which are also distributed randomly. In this study, to realize precise neutron transport calculation of such reactors with the continuous energy Monte Carlo method, a new sampling method has been developed. The new method has been implemented in the general purpose Monte Carlo code MCNP to develop a modified version MCNP-BALL. This method was validated by calculating inventory of spherical fuel elements arranged successively by sampling during transport calculation and also by performing criticality calculations in ordered packing models. From the results, it was confirmed that the inventory of spherical fuel elements could be reproduced using MCNP-BALL within a sufficient accuracy of 0.2%. And the comparison of criticality calculations in ordered packing models between MCNP-BALL and the reference method shows excellent agreement in neutron spectrum as well as multiplication factor. MCNP-BALL enables us to analyze pebble bed type cores such as PROTEUS precisely with the continuous energy Monte Carlo method. 相似文献
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V. V. Lozovetskii 《Atomic Energy》2001,90(2):119-129
Two computational models – potential flow and quasinewtonian viscous liquid – are developed for describing a motion of spherical fuel pellets in the core of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. Two types of boundary conditions are obtained. They take account of the slipping of the fuel pellets on the vertical and inclined walls of the core and the coefficient of internal friction. This makes it possible to close correctly the system of equations describing the motion of spherical fuel pellets in an axisymmetric core. Experimental investigations characterizing the motion of the spherical fuel pellets on core models with different geometries are performed. The experimental results agree satisfactorily with the calculations. 6 figures, 1 table, 5 references. 相似文献
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球床式高温气冷堆采用了球形燃料元件,燃料区域由石墨基体和弥散在其中的包覆燃料颗粒构成,其外有与石墨基体相同材料的包壳;燃料球堆叠成填充率约为0.61的球床式堆芯活性区。在堆芯物理计算中,必须考虑其特殊的双重非均匀性结构对共振计算的影响。此外,由于石墨起到了中子慢化和结构材料的重要作用,其截面参数的准确性对共振计算和临界计算均有很大影响。本文采用蒙特卡罗中子输运计算程序SCALE/KENO-Ⅵ和Serpent-2,对比分析了ENDF/B Ⅶ.0和ENDF/B Ⅶ.1版本核数据库对不同燃料模型的有效增殖因数(keff)及反应率的影响,并进一步比较了不同双重非均匀性处理方法对计算结果的影响。结果表明,由于石墨吸收率增大,使用ENDF/B Ⅶ.1版本核数据库所得keff小于使用ENDF/B Ⅶ.0版本核数据库的结果,且计算模型中石墨材料越多,计算结果相差越大:对于包覆颗粒模型差别约为200pcm,对于燃料元件约为700pcm,对于堆芯单元约为1 600pcm。SCALE/KENO-Ⅵ程序使用DOUBLEHET模型进行多群蒙特卡罗计算所得结果与连续能量模型计算结果吻合良好,且计算效率高,对燃料球模型而言可节省约85%的计算时间。 相似文献
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固态熔盐堆采用TRISO(Tristructural isotropic)包覆颗粒球形燃料元件。在运行工况下,燃料元件内部存在一定的温度分布,填充在燃料元件内部不同位置的TRISO颗粒的失效概率会因此受到影响。利用体积微元的方法分析了温度分布对包覆颗粒失效概率的影响,并进一步研究了球形燃料元件尺寸对TRISO颗粒平均失效概率的影响。结果表明,在一定的功率密度下,如果利用球心温度或者平均温度计算燃料元件内部TRISO颗粒的平均失效概率,结果相比实际值会有至少一个数量级的差别;在相同功率密度和相同燃耗条件下,燃料元件直径每减小1 cm,其包覆颗粒平均失效概率降低两个数量级左右。 相似文献
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颗粒与壁面碰撞普遍存在于散体物料输送过程,研究颗粒与壁面碰撞有助于优化输送系统、减小物料磨损或提高输送经济性。本文基于离散单元法(DEM),采用Hertz-Mindlin无滑移接触模型,对单个6mm直径大颗粒与壁面碰撞进行了数值模拟和分析,研究了碰撞速度、碰撞角度和剪切模量对碰撞过程和法向最大接触力的影响。研究结果表明,Hertz-Mindlin无滑移接触理论描述的法向接触过程具有自相似特性,法向卸载时长与法向加载时长比值为定值。模拟的接触时长与Thornton等的关系式预测值相符。碰撞速度和碰撞角度对碰撞过程中的法向最大接触力均有明显影响,法向最大接触力随法向碰撞速度的增加近似线性增加;碰撞速度不变时,法向最大接触力随碰撞角度的增大而减小。剪切模量对法向接触力具有重要影响,在考虑颗粒磨损和破碎的DEM模拟时,不宜采用降低剪切模量加快计算速度。本研究对颗粒磨损和破碎研究以及高温气冷堆吸收球气力输送过程优化均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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B. Boer D. Lathouwers T.H.J.J. van der Hagen H. van Dam 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2010,240(10):2384-2391
By altering the coolant flow direction in a pebble bed reactor from axial to radial, the pressure drop can be reduced tremendously. In this case the coolant flows from the outer reflector through the pebble bed and finally to flow paths in the inner reflector. As a consequence, the fuel temperatures are elevated due to the reduced heat transfer of the coolant. However, the power profile and pebble size in a radially cooled pebble bed reactor can be optimized to achieve lower fuel temperatures than current axially cooled designs, while the low pressure drop can be maintained.The radial power profile in the core can be altered by adopting multi-pass fuel management using several radial fuel zones in the core. The optimal power profile yielding a flat temperature profile is derived analytically and is approximated by radial fuel zoning. In this case, the pebbles pass through the outer region of the core first and each consecutive pass is located in a fuel zone closer to the inner reflector. Thereby, the resulting radial distribution of the fissile material in the core is influenced and the temperature profile is close to optimal.The fuel temperature in the pebbles can be further reduced by reducing the standard pebble diameter from 6 cm to a value as low as 1 cm. An analytical investigation is used to demonstrate the effects on the fuel temperature and pressure drop for both radial and axial cooling.Finally, two-dimensional numerical calculations were performed, using codes for neutronics, thermal-hydraulics and fuel depletion analysis, in order to validate the results for the optimized design that were obtained from the analytical investigations. It was found that for a radially cooled design with an optimized power profile and reduced pebble diameter (below 3.5 cm) both a reduction in the pressure drop ( bar), which increases the reactor efficiency with several percent, and a reduction in the maximum fuel temperature (C) can be achieved compared to present axially cooled designs. 相似文献