超声诱导银纳米粒子的电化学制备及其表征

在络合剂EDTA、保护剂PVP存在的条件下,通过超声电沉积方法在硝酸银溶液中制备出形状不同的零维、一维银纳米材料。研究结果表明：当硝酸银浓度为0．0118mol／L、硝酸银与EDTA数量比为1：1时,银纳米粒子为类球形,直径约30nm。当加入2g／L的PVP时,可获得直径约30nm,长度不等的银纳米线。选区电子衍射和紫外可见吸收光谱表明,银纳米颗粒具有面心立方结构,其形貌和粒径影响微粒的光吸收特性。     

复分解法制备纳米碳酸钙的研究

利用氯化钙和碳酸铵为原料，采用复分解法，初步探讨了纳米碳酸钙制备的可行性。考察了添加剂、温度、浓度等因素对碳酸钙粒子平均粒径和形貌的影响，并用XRD和TEM进行了表征。结果表明，使用一定种类和用量的添加剂，在20℃，0．3mol／L的氯化钙条件下，可制得粒度分布均匀、分散性好、平均粒径为50nm左右的球形纳米碳酸钙粒子。     

热喷涂用镍包裹超细碳化钨复合粉体的制备

以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,采用非均相沉淀法在亚微米WC粒子上包裹一层镍的先驱体,再经高温分解和还原,在不同条件下制备了镍包裹WC复合粉体,并用SEM、TEM和XRD等对包裹粉的形貌和组成进行了分析。研究了沉淀剂的加入方式以及反应液浓度对包裹粉的影响。结果表明:当NH4HCO3以慢速加入,反应液浓度为0．14 mol／L时,可制备出粒径为1-2μm的包裹粉,且粒径分布均匀,分散性好,适合喷涂要求。     

汞齐氧化法制备氧化铝纳米纤维

以汞为反应介质,通过铝的氧化反应制备出直径为5～15 nm无定型结构的氧化铝纳米纤维,利用TEM、TG、DSC、XRD、比表面积分析等多种检测手段对产物的形貌和结构进行了研究,并讨论了煅烧过程中温度对产物形貌、物相结构、比表面积的影响.结果表明:无定型氧化铝纳米纤维向α-Al2O3相转变过程中,只出现γ-Al2O3中间相,而无其他中间过渡相出现;无定型氧化铝纳米纤维在850℃下煅烧2 h,转变为γ-Al2O3,仍保持纳米纤维的形貌;在1200℃下煅烧2 h,转变为α-Al2O3,烧结成蛭石状.     

共沉淀法制备Ca0．6Mg0．4Zr4（P04）6纳米粉体

采用共沉淀法，以Ca（NO3）2·4H2O、Mg（NO3）2·6H2O、ZrO（NO3）2·8H2O和NH4H2PO4为原料合成Ca0．6Mg0．4Zr4（P04）6（C0．6M0．4ZP）纳米粉体，通过TGDSC、XRD、TEM和纳米粒度／Zeta电位分析手段研究了反应过程pH值、反应物浓度配比和沉淀反应方式等对合成粉体的相组成、平均颗粒尺寸及其分布等的影响。结果表明：将Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、Zr4＋离子混合溶液加入到不同pH值的NH4H2PO4溶液中，并控制pH=3～11，沉淀物经900℃煅烧3h后，可合成单相的C0．6M0．4ZP纳米粉体；当Zr4十浓度为0．5mol／L、沉淀剂NH4H2PO4浓度为1．0mol／L、pH=9时，合成粉体平均颗粒尺寸和粒径分布范围最小，分别为40nm和20-70nm。     

低温固相反应法合成铝酸镧粉体及表征

以九水合硝酸铝、六水合硝酸镧为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,通过低温固相反应法制备铝酸镧前驱体,分析了该前驱体的组成及热分解过程;将铝酸镧前驱体在不同温度下煅烧制备铝酸镧粉体,研究了铝酸镧粉体的合成温度以及煅烧温度对铝酸镧粉体形貌、粒径和比表面积的影响。结果表明:铝酸镧前驱体中形成了含有La-O-Al键的络合物,当煅烧温度达到700℃时开始生成铝酸镧晶体;随着煅烧温度的升高,铝酸镧晶体的晶格畸变程度减小,晶粒逐渐长大,粉体结晶度不断提高,粒径则逐渐减小;在1 000℃煅烧得到铝酸镧粉体的粒径最小,为0.310μm,比表面积最大,为16.58m~2·g~(-1)。     

用正交实验法优化纳米铋粉制备工艺参数

采用高能球磨的方法，直接分散铋粒制备纳米铋粉。实验选用无水乙醇为液相介质、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和硬脂酸作为复合修饰剂，通过正交实验研究铋粒的加入量、复合修饰剂的相对用量、转速和时间等工艺参数对纳米铋粉的产量、产率和粉体的特征数据D50的影响。研究表明：本方法能够制备出纯净的纳米铋粉；适当增加铋粒的加入量，减少修饰剂的相对用量，降低转速，适当缩短时间，有利于降低颗粒的平均粒径，提高纳米铋粉的产量和产率。在本试验条件下，制备纳米铋粉的优化参数为铋粒加入量取0．06mol，复合修饰剂与铋粒的质量比为1：3，转速取250r／min，时间为4h。     

锂、铝醇盐的电合成及其凝胶工艺

向0．035mol／L Bu4NBr的乙醇溶液中加入0．18g锂片，然后采用金属阳极溶解法控制电流为0．2A电解铝片6h，同时间断滴入1mL乙酰丙酮，制得纳米粉体LiAlO2的前驱体LiAl(OEt)(4-n)(acac)n(acac为乙酰丙酮基)。产物通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子透射显微镜(TEM)进行表征。结果表明，电解温度为50℃、导电盐BU4NBr浓度为0．035mol／L时，电流效率达到90％以上；在温度为40℃，产物浓度为0．30mol／L，pH9．0时进行水解，产率可达94．8％；干凝胶粒径在Ф20～30nm之间。     

块体纳米晶工业纯铁在室温硫酸溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

通过动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)试验,研究了块体纳米工业纯铁(BNIPI)和粗晶工业纯铁棒(CGIPIR)在室温0．05mol／L H2SO4 0．25mol／L Na2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为,用SEM对极化测试后的试样形貌进行了观察。结果表明：BNIPI与CGPIR相比,平均腐蚀速度和腐蚀电流密度Ic较小,极化电阻Rp较大,抗氧化性酸的腐蚀能力有所增强。两种试样表面形貌有明显差别,粗晶试样的晶界明显外露。纳米试样各向同性对其抗腐蚀性能的提高有很大帮助。     

液相沉积法制备磁性纳米Fe3O4/SiO2复合粒子

采用液相沉积法在磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的表面包覆了一层SiO2膜,制备磁性较强的纳米Fe3O4／SiO2复合粒子,采用IR、XPS、XRD、TEM、VSM等方法对复合粒子的性能进行了表征。结果表明：复合粒子的较佳制备条件为正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的浓度为0．6mol／L,Fe3O4与TEOS物质的数量比为5：1,反应温度为50℃,搅拌速度为800r／min;在此条件下制得的复合粒子的粒径在20nm左右,比饱和磁化强度为60．5emu／g,呈球形且分散均匀。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.