POSS/PU-PS的合成表征与热性能研究

采用化学键接入聚合物网络结构的方法,以POSS(OH)_3为基体,通过与MDI(4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和1,4-丁二醇进行合成,得到含氨基甲酸基的POSS(聚笼型倍半硅氧烷),再将产物与2-溴代异丁酰溴进行合成,产物为POSS/PU-Br,再利用ATRP法制备POSS/PU-PS纳米复合材料。利用FTIR和~1H-NMR手段表征POSS/PU-PS复合材料结构,利用DSC、TGA对该材料的热性能进行研究。结果表明:我们成功地合成出POSS/PU-PS纳米复合材料,并且具有良好的热性能。     

POSS/PS纳米复合微球的制备与热性能研究

采用乳液共聚法合成了POSS/PS纳米复合微球,研究了反应条件对复合材料热性能的影响.结果表明,合成的微球形态规则、尺寸分布较均匀,微球具有核壳型结构,尺寸可调,微球尺寸可控制在50nm左右.通过共聚引入刚性POSS结构,使得POSS/PS纳米复合材料的玻璃化温度显著高于纯PS,耐热性明显改善.     

单官能化倍半硅氧烷的合成与表征

以异丁基三甲氧基硅烷为原料,通过部分水解缩合反应合成了七聚(异丁基)倍半硅氧烷三硅醇(T7);T7继续与乙烯基三氯硅烷、三氯氢硅、四氯化硅、3-氯丙基三氯硅烷反应封角后,得到单官能度的倍半硅氧烷(T8);T8再转化为其它官能团的倍半硅氧烷(POSS),合成了一系列单官能度的POSS:乙烯基POSS、活性氢基POSS、氯基POSS、羟基POSS、二甲基氢硅氧基POSS、氯丙基POSS、叠氮丙基POSS。利用1H核磁共振光谱、13C核磁共振光谱、29Si核磁共振光谱对它们的结构进行了详细的表征。     

大分子溴系复合阻燃剂对PS和发泡PS的阻燃改性

将大分子溴系阻燃剂(FR–122P)与溴化环氧树脂(2200HM)组成的复合阻燃剂应用于聚苯乙烯(PS)复合材料和发泡PS中,研究了复合阻燃剂的配比和含量对PS复合材料阻燃性能以及复合阻燃剂含量对发泡PS泡孔结构和阻燃性能的影响,采用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜观察、极限氧指数(LOI)测试、垂直燃烧(UL–94)和水平燃烧试验等手段进行了表征。结果表明,当FR–122P与2200HM质量比为4∶1、总添加量为25%时,PS复合材料的LOI可达25.8%,并可通过UL–94 V–0等级;当复合阻燃剂的添加量为40%时,可得到泡孔尺寸较小、泡孔密度较大、膨胀倍率较高的发泡PS复合材料,且其可通过泡沫水平燃烧的HF–2等级。大分子溴系阻燃剂与溴化环氧树脂的复合阻燃剂对PS和发泡PS复合材料具有较好的阻燃效果。     

EP/POSS/SiO2纳米复合材料性能研究

以自制的两种不同黏度的环氧基倍半硅氧烷(POSS)为改性剂,对双酚A型环氧树脂(EP)/4,4’–二氨基二苯砜(DDS)进行改性,制备EP/POSS杂化材料。再以纳米SiO2为填料制备了EP/POSS/SiO2纳米复合材料。结果表明,与EP相比,杂化材料和纳米复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量都有所提高,其中纳米复合材料(分别添加低黏度和高黏度的POSS)的弯曲弹性模量分别提高了15.03%和9.44%,添加高黏度的POSS和纳米SiO2后其杂化材料和纳米复合材料体系的弯曲强度均有所提高,杂化材料和纳米复合材料的最大分解温度和在高温时的热残留量都有所提高。     

孔道结构修饰的Ziegler-Natta催化剂设计与高抗冲低缠结UHMWPE的制备

从SiO₂载体孔道修饰的角度出发，向多级孔道中同时引入聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)，形成功能化复合载体，并用于负载TiCl₄，制备SiO₂/PS/POSS/TiCl₄负载型催化剂。采用热重分析、N₂等温吸附脱附、扫描电镜、漫反射红外光谱等手段对修饰前后催化剂的结构进行表征，发现利用苯乙烯的原位聚合能够向SiO₂多级孔道，尤其是微孔中引入PS，孔道内PS链段的溶胀行为导致聚合时乙烯传质阻力增大，聚合活性降低。向SiO₂多级孔道中引入POSS，由于POSS分子的空间位阻，其只能进入SiO₂大孔中，初生态聚乙烯分子链缠结程度降低有限。而将PS与POSS共同引入催化剂各级孔道中，PS与POSS能够产生良性协同作用，能够以高活性制备低缠结的超高分子量聚乙烯，显著提升了产品的抗冲击强度。最后通过降低孔道内TiCl₄的负载量，进一步稀释催化剂活性中心，实现聚乙烯活性链解缠结的过程强化。当钛含...     

苯并噁嗪／不完全笼型倍半硅氧烷复合材料的固化动力学研究

采用非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)比较了苯并噁嗪和苯并噁嗪/不完全笼型苯基三羟基七聚倍半硅氧烷(T7POSS)复合材料两种体系的固化特性.Kissinger和Ozawa方程计算了两体系的固化反应表观活化能、反应级数,并建立了固化动力学方程.结果表明T7POSS上的弱酸性官能团Si-OH对苯并噁嗪的固化反应具有催化作用,两种体系在特征固化温度、固化速率、反应热、反应级数以及表观活化能上存在明显的差别.     

POSS/PA66纳米复合纤维的制备及性能研究

以间氯过氧苯甲酸与八乙烯基笼形倍半硅氧烷（POSS）反应制得的八乙烯基POSS环氧化产物为原料,采用熔融纺丝工艺制备POSS/PA66纳米复合纤维,借助FTIR、TG、FE-SEM和DSC测试方法对八乙烯基POSS环氧化产物和POSS/PA66纳米复合纤维进行表征。结果表明：将间氯过氧苯甲酸与八乙烯基POSS进行反应,可以使部分乙烯基团发生环氧化反应,生成的八乙烯基POSS环氧化产物具有良好的耐热性能。采用熔融纺丝工艺制备的POSS/PA66纳米复合纤维,POSS均匀分散在复合纤维中,纤维的热性能如熔融温度和起始分解温度都有所提高,同时纤维的力学性能也得到改善。     

微波促进下N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-氟-6-硝基-4-喹唑啉胺的合成

以2-溴-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲腈为原料,CuI为催化剂,在微波促进下与3-氯-4-氟苯胺进行加成反应后,再与甲酰胺发生串联的胺化和缩合环化反应合成抗癌药Afatinib(阿法替尼)和Dacomitinib(达克替尼)的关键中间体N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-氟-6-硝基-4-喹唑啉胺,并对反应条件进行了优化。结果表明:在Cu I用量为20%(以2-溴-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲腈的物质的量为基准,下同)和微波促进下,n(2-溴-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲腈):n(3-氯-4-氟苯胺)=1:1,回流反应20 min,制备得到2-溴-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲脒,收率93.8%;在Cu I与4-羟基-L-脯氨酸用量均为10%〔以2-溴-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲脒的物质的量为基准,下同〕和微波促进下,n〔2-溴-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲脒〕:n(甲酰胺)=1:2,80℃反应10min,以96.4%的收率得到目标产物N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-氟-6-硝基-4-喹唑啉胺。     

环氧基POSS/PAMAM杂合材料的制备及性能研究

以3-缩水甘油基氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(EPTMS)为原料,合成得到了八官能团缩水甘油醚-多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(简称POSS-EP)。采用4代树型端氨基聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)作为POSS-EP和双酚A型环氧树脂(DGEBA)共混物的固化剂,制备了5个环氧基POSS/PAMAM杂化材料。通过动态差示扫描量热仪(DSC),研究了环氧和PAMAM的固化反应动力学。通过DSC、热重分析(TGA)、拉力和冲击测试,对环氧基POSS/PAMAM杂化材料的热性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,该环氧基POSS/PAMAM杂化材料具有优良的热性能和力学性能。     

The synthesis and characterization of polystyrene/magnetic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites

Fc-CHCH-C₆H₆-(C₅H₉)₇Si₈O₁₂ (POSS1, Fc: ferrocene) which contain both metal and CC double bond was firstly synthesized by Wittig reaction. The chemical structure of POSS1 was characterized by FTIR, ¹H, ¹³C and ²⁹Si NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis, and the magnetic property of POSS1 have also been studied. Polystyrene composites containing inorganic-organic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS1) were prepared by bulk free radical polymerization. XRD and TEM studies indicate that POSS1 is completely dispersed at molecular level in PS matrix when 1 wt% POSS1 is introduced, while some POSS1-rich nanoparticals are present when content of POSS1 is beyond 3 wt%. GPC results show that molecular weight of the PS/POSS1 nanocomposites are increased with addition of POSS1. TGA and TMA data show the thermal stabilities of PS/POSS1 nanocomposites have been improved compared to neat PS. The PS/POSS1 nanocomposites also display higher glass transition temperatures (T_g) in comparison with neat PS. Viscoelastic properties of PS/POSS1 nanocomposites were investigated by DMTA. The results show the storage modulus (E′) values (temperature>T_g) and the loss factor peak values of the PS/POSS1 nanocomposites are higher than that of neat PS. Mechanical properties of the PS/POSS1 nanocomposites are improved compared to the neat PS.     

A novel strategy to synthesize POSS/PS composite and study on its thermal properties

A novel strategy was reported in this paper to prepare polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)/polystyrene (PS) composite. Active agent was introduced to the PS chain through the treatment of acylation, reduction and reaction with sodium, and then the monofunctional POSS, which was prepared by “corner-capping” method, was chemically bonded with the modified PS chain to synthesize POSS/PS composite. The structures of all intermediates and the POSS/PS composite were characterized by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR. The thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis, with results showing that the POSS/PS composite displayed higher glass transition temperature and initial decomposition temperature than that of the parent PS homopolymer.     

Synthesis and characterization of AB block copolymers based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Well-defined diblock copolymer based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using POSS/PMMA-Cl as a macroinitiatior. POSS/PMMA-Cl was prepared by POSS-Cl initiating the polymerization of MMA in the presence of CuCl, 2, 2, - bipyridine at 110 °C. The structure of the block copolymer had been characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR and GPC, which all agreed well with the theoretical values. XRD measurements revealed that POSS molecules were successfully monodispered in the hybrid composite.     

Molecular miscibility and chain dynamics in POSS/polystyrene blends: Control of POSS preferential dispersion states

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)/polystyrene nanocomposites with two different POSS molecules, octaisobutyl POSS (Oib-POSS) and trisilanolphenyl POSS (Tsp-POSS), were prepared via solution blending in toluene. Solution dynamics analysis indicates random coil conformation of neat PS and POSS/PS blends. Morphology analysis (AFM/TEM) revealed differences in the preferential dispersion states of Tsp- and Oib-POSS molecules. Tsp-POSS, with its greater predicted solubility in PS, exhibited nanoscale dispersion throughout the bulk leading to transparent films. In contrast, Oib-POSS, with its reduced predicted solubility in PS, exhibited preferential surface segregation, aggregation of POSS particles and hazy films. Estimated fractional surface coverage for the materials, based on surface energy measurements, indicated 15% coverage by Tsp-POSS and 78% for Oib-POSS. Solid-state NMR relaxation studies suggest aggregation of Oib-POSS molecules. Additional NMR studies, including silicon CP/MAS, 2D HETCOR, and WISE, indicate close spatial proximity and interaction of Tsp-POSS molecules with PS chains, contrasting with poor interaction and immiscibility of Oib-POSS with PS.     

多面齐聚倍半硅氧烷改性环氧的制备及表征

以八苯基多面齐聚倍半硅氧烷为原料通过溴代,格氏试剂与丙酮加成等反应制备了八多羟基苯基多面齐聚倍半硅氧烷,并对产物进行了FTIR表征。采用该产物改性环氧树脂,并通过热失重分析仪、示差扫描量热仪对其固化物的热性能进行了研究。结果表明:该合成具有活性官能团的多面齐聚倍半硅氧烷的方法可行。在环氧树脂中加入八多羟基苯基多面齐聚倍半硅氧烷对其固化物热稳定性影响不大,但可以显著提高材料的玻璃化转变温度,当其质量分数为5.13%时,Tg可达183.2℃。     

Synthesis of PS‐g‐POSS hybrid graft copolymer by click coupling via ”graft onto” strategy

Polystyrene (PS)‐incorporated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) organic–inorganic hybrid graft copolymer could be achieved by click coupling reaction between alkyne groups in POSS and azido groups in PS via “graft onto” strategy. Alkyne‐functionalized POSS was synthesized via thiol‐ene facile click reaction and subsequent amidation reaction with very high yield. Azido‐multifunctionalized PS could be synthesized by chloromethylation and subsequent azido reaction. The chemical structures of PS‐(CH₂Cl)_m, PS‐(CH₂N₃)_m, and PS‐g‐POSS were determined by Fourier transform infrared and ¹H NMR characterization. PS‐g‐POSS presented a better hydrophobic property with contact angle of 113° than that of PS (85°). And PS‐g‐POSS with ≤5% of grafting degree had lower glass transition temperature (T_g) than that of PS and then it increased up to 112°C with grafting degree. An obvious aggregation of POSS phase with 10–80 nm in size was formed in PS‐g‐POSS matrix. In addition, 5 wt % of PS‐g‐POSS was added to general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) to remarkably improve its tensile strength from 45 to 57 MPa. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

甲基笼型倍半硅氧烷/CE杂化复合材料的力学性能

以甲基笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)作为氰酸酯树脂(CE)的改性剂,制备出一种POSS/CE杂化复合材料。研究了杂化复合材料中POSS用量对CE结构及力学性能的影响,同时采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法对不同POSS/CE体系的反应性进行了研究。结果表明:POSS的加入对CE的反应性影响不大,有利于POSS/CE杂化体系固化工艺的制定;当杂化体系中w(POSS)=5%时,材料的冲击强度(9.7 kJ/m2)相对最大(提高了49%),弯曲强度(90 MPa)也相对较高,说明适量的POSS对CE具有明显的增韧、增强作用。     

Reactive melt blending of PS‐POSS hybrid nanocomposites

Hybrid nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) and methacryl phenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were synthesized by reactive melt blending in the mixing chamber of a torque rheometer using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a free radical initiator and styrene monomer as a chain transfer agent. The effects of mixing intensity and composition on the molecular structure and morphology of the PS‐POSS hybrid nanocomposites were investigated. The degree of POSS hybridization (α_POSS) was found to increase with the POSS content, DCP/POSS ratio, and rotor speed. For the PS‐POSS materials processed in the absence of styrene monomer, an increase in the α_POSS led to a reduction in the molecular weight by PS chain scission, as a consequence of the free radical initiation. On the other hand, the use of styrene monomer as a chain transfer agent reduces the steric hindrance in the hybridization reaction between POSS and PS, enhancing the degree of POSS hybridization and avoiding PS degradation. The PS‐POSS morphology consists of nanoscale POSS clusters and particles and microscale crystalline POSS aggregates. PS‐POSS with higher α_POSS values and lower amounts of nonbound POSS showed improved POSS dispersion, characterized by smaller interfacial thickness (t) and greater Porod inhomogeneity lengths (l_p). The processing‐molecular structure–morphology correlations analyzed in this study allow the POSS dispersion level in the PS‐POSS materials to be tuned by controlling the reactive melt blending through the choice of the processing conditions. These insights are very useful for the development of PS‐POSS materials with optimized performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Synthesis and characterization of novel room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubbers using Vinyl-POSS derivatives as cross linking agents

Two kinds of novel POSS cross-linkers were firstly prepared via hydrosilylation of Vinyl-POSS and trimethoxysilane. And two types of novel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer composites as RTV silicone rubbers were prepared using Vinyl-POSS derivatives as cross-linkers in the presence of organotin catalyst. To completely exhibit superiorities of two kinds of novel cross-linkers, RTV silicone rubbers prepared with two proportions of different cross-linkers were assessed. The chemical inclusion of novel POSS into PDMS networks by hydrolytic condensation reaction was verified by attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. Morphologies, thermal properties, mechanical properties and hardness of these novel RTV silicone rubbers were studied. The results exhibited significantly enhanced effects of POSS on thermal stabilities, mechanical properties and hardness as compared to the PDMS polymers prepared with the traditional tetra-functional TMOS and TEOS cross-linkers. The striking improvements in thermal properties, mechanical properties and hardness could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the increase of dimensionality of cross-linked networks in novel RTV silicone rubbers resulting from special three-dimensional structure of novel POSS cross-linkers, plasticization of self-cross-linked POSS cross-linkers and uniform distribution of POSS cross-linkers.