纳米SiO2增强TPS/PVA复合材料的研究

以甲酰胺／己内酰胺为复配增塑剂，添加纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）熔融制备了热塑性淀粉／聚乙烯醇／纳米二氧化硅（TPS／PVA／SiO2）复合材料，研究了复合材料的力学性能、流变性能和耐水性能。结果表明：添加1phr的表面改性SiO2，TPS／PVA的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率以及耐水性能均有所提高，但过量的纳米SiO2对材料的力学性能有损害；经KH560表面改性的纳米SiO2的团聚明显减少，因而对TPS／PVA性能的改善更明显；TPS／PVA／SiO2复合材料具有优良的加工性能，熔体表现出假塑性流体的特征。     

淀粉/聚乙烯醇活性包装薄膜及其在食品包装应用中的研究进展

综述了淀粉/聚乙烯醇（PVA）活性包装薄膜及其在食品包装中的研究进展,主要对从不同比例共混、疏水改性、增强改性等方面对淀粉/PVA薄膜的改性研究,从功能特性和活性物质对薄膜性能的影响2个方面对淀粉/PVA活性薄膜研究和薄膜在食品包装中的应用3个方面进行了归纳总结,旨在为以淀粉/PVA为基材的活性包装薄膜研究提供参考。     

纳米SiO2改性聚乙烯醇超滤膜的研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基膜材料,聚乙二醇(PEG)为添加剂,通过相转化法制备了纳米SiO2/聚乙烯醇膜。考察了PEG的分子量、纳米SiO2的加入量和PEG加入量对PVA膜性能的影响。结果表明,经纳米SiO2改性的PVA膜的性能有了显著的提高,膜的水通量随着PEG分子量和PEG加入量的增大而增大,随着纳米SiO2加入量的增大而减小。     

NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜的制备及表征

采用共混法制备了纳米纤维素(NCC)/改性纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混膜。傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱分析结果表明NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜的共混模式为存在氢键作用力的简单物理共混。力学性能分析结果表明NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜较PVA膜具有较高的拉伸强度,其拉伸强度平均值为128.41 MPa。热学性能分析结果表明NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜较PVA膜具有较好的热稳定性,其最大热失重温度为238℃。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图分析结果表明NCC/改性纳米SiO2/PVA共混膜样品的表面和断面形貌较规整。     

高直链淀粉/纳米二氧化钛抗菌薄膜的性能研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,采用酶解法制备高直链淀粉,用直链淀粉、纳米二氧化钛、聚乙烯醇(PVA)制备了薄膜。探究添加纳米二氧化钛的粒径、用量和晶型比对薄膜性能的影响。结果表明,当添加的二氧化钛粒径为40nm、用量为0.22g、锐钛型/金红石型比例为75/25时,薄膜的抗菌性能最好。     

硝酸钙/甘油协同增塑淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合材料

采用溶液成膜法制备了增塑改性的淀粉/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合薄膜,并研究了硝酸钙,甘油和硝酸钙/甘油复合增塑剂对淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的增塑改性效果。采用傅里叶变化红外光谱研究了硝酸钙,甘油和硝酸钙/甘油复合增塑剂和淀粉/PVA之间的相互作用,采用X射线衍射,热重分析和拉伸测试研究了不同改性剂对淀粉/PVA的结晶性能,热性能和机械性能的影响。研究结果表明:硝酸钙对淀粉/PVA有很强的结晶破坏效果。采用15%硝酸钙和15%甘油复合改性后,淀粉/PVA的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到17 MPa和399%。     

淀粉/聚乙烯醇树脂基可降解薄膜的制备与表征

以聚乙烯醇和玉米淀粉为主要原料,采用树皮缩合单宁和木质素作为改性剂,制备力学性能良好的淀粉/聚乙烯醇树脂基复合薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜观察薄膜的微观形貌,通过拉伸强度和断裂伸长率评估薄膜的力学性能,采用傅里叶红外光谱和电喷雾电离质谱研究薄膜的化学结构,结果表明,采用单宁和木质素改性的淀粉/聚乙烯醇树脂基薄膜的表面光滑,无孔隙和裂痕,木质素、单宁在淀粉/聚乙烯醇体系中既发生了物理共混,又发生了化学反应。单宁和木质素的增加既提高了薄膜的热稳定性和抗紫外可见光的能力又提高了薄膜的力学性能。     

纳米SiO2改性聚乙烯醇涂料的制备工艺及其性能研究

采用玻璃砂高速分散和常规制备方法,研究纳米SiO2改性聚乙烯醇内墙涂料的制备工艺条件,分析聚乙烯醇和纳米SiO2对涂料性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜分析了涂料的微观结构。结果表明：加入纳米SiO2可以提高涂料的耐洗刷和抗老化性等。     

PP/纳米SiO2复合材料的研究

采用傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)表征了改性前后纳米SiO2粉体的性能特征;通过熔融共混法制备了PP/纳米SiO2复合材料。研究了纳米SiO2用量对PP基体性能的影响。通过力学性能测试、DSC热分析和SEM照片观测,对PP/纳米SiO2复合材料的结构和性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明:当纳米SiO2含量为2%时,PP/纳米SiO2复合材料的综合力学性能最好。DSC表明,纳米SiO2对PP基体有异相成核作用。SEM电镜分析得出,经表面改性的纳米SiO2均匀地分散于PP基体中,从而起到良好的改性作用。     

聚合物/纳米SiO_2复合材料的研究进展

纳米SiO2 粒子具有许多新的特性 ,利用它对聚合物进行改性 ,可以得到具有特殊性能或性能更加优异的聚合物 /纳米SiO2 复合材料。介绍了纳米SiO2 特性、聚合物 /纳米SiO2 复合材料的制备方法以及我国聚合物 /纳米SiO2 复合材料的研究进展     

高直链玉米淀粉/PVA复合膜的制备

以高直链玉米淀粉为原料,选用乙二醇为增塑剂,硼砂为交联剂,采用流延法制备淀粉/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜。研究不同直链淀粉含量、增塑剂用量、交联剂用量、等因素对复合膜性能的影响。结果表明,高直链淀粉复合膜的性能明显优于普通淀粉复合膜。当淀粉、乙二醇、硼砂用量分别为20%、30%、5%时,复合膜性能最佳。     

丙烯酰胺改性玉米淀粉/PVA复合膜的制备与表征

为了改善聚乙烯醇（PVA）膜的机械性能,选用玉米淀粉为原材料,50℃条件下以过硫酸铵和尿素为引发剂,同时加入丙烯酰胺对淀粉进行接枝改性,制备得到丙烯酰胺改性的玉米淀粉/PVA复合膜。其中,优化改性淀粉的接枝率确定最佳合成条件为淀粉/丙烯酰胺的质量比为3∶7、引发剂过硫酸铵占单体总质量的0.5%、尿素占单体总质量的0.5%。进一步利用优化的改性淀粉为改性剂,制备了系列改性玉米淀粉/PVA复合膜。采用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合膜的组成与结构进行表征,同时测定复合膜的机械性能、耐水性、耐热性等物化特性,结果表明30%ST-0.50%APSU改性淀粉的单体转化率为95.0%,接枝率为85.2%。 30%ST-0.50%APSU/PVA复合膜的耐热性能轻微下降,但断裂伸长率提高了256%,耐水性能提高了43.1%。     

PVA/Nano-SiO2薄膜的性能研究

通过熔融挤出法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/nano-SiO2薄膜,并分别利用万能电子拉力机、透光仪以及差式扫描量热仪(DSC)和热萤分析仪(TG)对薄膜的透明性、力学性能和热性能进行了测试和研究.结果表明:随着纳米SiO2用量的增加,薄膜的拉伸强度、硬度、撕裂强度、透光率不断增加,热稳定性也得到提高,但是薄膜的断裂伸长率以及结晶度却呈下降趋势.     

PVA/Nano-SiO_2薄膜的制备表、征及性能研究

采用熔融法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/纳米二氧化硅(nano-SiO2)薄膜。利用FTIR、DMA﹑AFM﹑水煮、DMSO煮等方法对薄膜进行了表征,并探讨了nano-SiO2对PVA薄膜的改性机理。结果表明:nano-SiO2的加入使PVA/nano-SiO2薄膜的储能模量和损耗模量均明显提高,其玻璃化转变温度随着nano-SiO2含量的增加先降低后升高;PVA/nano-SiO2薄膜中存在着由羟基脱水而产生的化学交联结构,这种结构影响着薄膜的各种性能。     

Properties of starch‐based blend films using citric acid as additive. II

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend films were prepared by using corn starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glycerol (GL), and citric acid (CA) as additives and glutaraldehyde (GLU) as crosslinking agent for the mixing process. The additives, drying temperature, and the influence of crosslinker of films on the properties of the films were investigated. The mechanical properties, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (% E), degree of swelling (DS), and solubility (S) of starch/PVA blend film were examined adding GL and CA as additives. At all measurement results, except for DS, the film adding CA was better than GL because hydrogen bonding at the presence of CA with hydroxyl group and carboxyl group increased the inter/intramolecular interaction between starch, PVA, and additives. CA improves the properties of starch/PVA blend film compared with GL. TS, % E, DS, and S of film adding GLU as crosslinking agent were examined. With increasing GLU contents, TS increases but % E, DS, and S value of GL‐added and CA‐added films decrease. When the film was dried at low temperature, the physical properties of the films were clearly improved because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2554–2560, 2006     

Synthesis of starch‐based plastic films by electron beam irradiation

Starch‐based plastic films were prepared by the electron beam irradiation of starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in a physical gel state at room temperature. The influence of starch/PVA composition, irradiation dose, and plasticizer (glycerol) on the properties of the plastic films was investigated. The gel fraction of the starch/PVA films increased with both the radiation dose and PVA content in the plastic film and decreased with increasing glycerol concentration. The starch/PVA compatibility was determined by measurement of the thermal properties of the starch/PVA blends with various compositions with differential scanning calorimetry. The swelling of the starch/PVA films increased with increasing PVA content and decreasing irradiation dose. Mechanical studies were carried out, and the tensile strength of the films decreased at high starch ratios in the starch‐based mixture. This was due to the decrease in the degree of crosslinking of starch. Furthermore, when PVA, a biodegradable and flexible‐chain polymer, was incorporated into the starch‐based films, the properties of the films, such as the flexibility (elongation at break), were obviously improved. The tensile strength of the films decreased with increasing glycerol concentration, but elongation at break increased up to a maximum value at a 20% glycerol concentration, and then, it leveled off and decreased slightly. Biodegradation of the starch/PVA plastic films was indicated by weight loss (%) after burial in soil and morphological shape, which was detected by scanning electron microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 504–513, 2007     

Nano-SiO2表面处理及原位聚合法制备PI/Nano-SiO2杂化膜

对Nano-SiO2进行两次表面处理,然后进行原位聚合制备聚酰胺酸/Nano-SiO2悬浮液,涂膜并热亚胺化得到PI/Nano-SiO2杂化膜.对Nano-SiO2的表面处理效果进行评价,对聚酰胺酸/Nano-SiO2悬浮液的稳定性、PI/Nano-SiO2杂化膜的性能进行测试.结果表明:Nano-SiO2的二次表面处理均为化学键合;聚酰胺酸/Nano-SiO2悬浮液稳定时间达到60 d,并获得了性能优异的PI/Nano-SiO2杂化膜.     

淀粉/PVA生物降解材料的热塑性研究

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)、淀粉、增塑剂在Hakke流变仪中共混制备了热塑性淀粉/PvA材料,研究了2种PVA-PVA1799、PVA1788,2种淀粉-玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉的热塑性情况;比较了甘油、乙二醇、乙酰胺3种增塑剂的增塑效果.结果表明:采用合适的增塑剂与适当的PVA、淀粉组合可以使PVA/淀粉共混体系在高温下热塑成型...     

The Effect of glycerol on the crystalline,thermal, and tensile properties of CaCl2‐doped starch/PVA films

Starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films with the addition of 10 wt% CaCl₂ and various content of glycerol were prepared. The effect of glycerol on the crystalline, thermal, and tensile properties of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA films was studied by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile testing, respectively. The effect of glycerol on the miscibility of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA films was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA film became more homogeneous after the addition of glycerol. The addition of glycerol would increase the crystallinity of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA film. With the addition of 10 wt% glycerol and 10 wt% CaCl₂, the starch/PVA film showed the highest degree of crystallinity. The TGA results show that the thermal stability of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA film increased after the addition of glycerol. The toughness of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA films was enhanced with the addition of glycerol. The starch/PVA film with the addition of 10 wt% CaCl₂ and 20 wt% glycerol showed the tensile strength of 17 MPa and the elongation at break of 428%. Moreover, the water sorption of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA film decreased after the addition of glycerol at the low and intermediate relative humidity of 33 and 54%. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3191–3199, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers