微胶囊化红磷/酚醛环氧树脂阻燃ABS的研究

采用微胶囊化红磷(MRP)和酚醛环氧树脂(NE)复配阻燃剂,制备了无卤阻燃丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(ABS).研究了MRP/NE质量比及用量对阻燃ABS性能的影响.结果表明,MRP/NE质量比为3:7、总量为20%(质量分数)时,可以制备氧指数(LOI)达24.0%、垂直燃烧级别达V-0的阻燃ABS;MRP/NE复配可以延缓ABS的分解并提高成炭率,残炭中保留了更多的ABS特征吸收峰;MRP/NE复配后,材料燃烧残炭的表面形成致密的炭层,内部有很多大的孔洞.     

无卤阻燃ABS/TPU复合材料阻燃性能的研究

采用了微胶囊红磷(MRP)、氢氧化镁(MH)、聚硅氧烷组成复合阻燃剂,对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)合金进行改性,获得了环保型阻燃ABS/TPU复合材料。对该复合材料进行了阻燃性能、热稳定性测试和炭层形貌分析。结果表明,当复合阻燃剂MRP/MH质量比为1/1且添加量为16份时,复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)为25.7%,垂直燃烧性能通过FV-0级;TPU结构中因含氧,有利于MRP/MH阻燃体系阻燃;添加6份聚硅氧烷,复合材料垂直燃烧级别达到FV-0级,聚硅氧烷燃烧过程中通过改变炭层形貌,提高阻燃性。     

六苯氧基环三磷腈对PC/ABS合金的阻燃作用

通过极限氧指数测定(LOI)、垂直燃烧试验和锥型量热分析研究了六苯氧基环三磷腈(HPTCP)对聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(PC/ABS)合金的阻燃作用。结果表明:HPTCP对PC/ABS具有良好的阻燃效果。当添加量为15%时,阻燃PC/ABS的LOI为25.0%,阻燃等级达FV-0,并且与未阻燃PC/ABS相比,燃烧时的热释放速率、总热释放量、最高热释放速率、平均热释放速率,平均有效燃烧热和质量损失明显降低;热重分析表明,HPTCP对PC/ABS合金的热稳定性影响较小。热重和残余物分析结果表明,HPTCP主要是通过凝聚相产生阻燃作用,HPTCP的添加可有效抑制PC/ABS的分解,促进它成炭,形成膨胀性炭层,该炭层通过隔热、隔氧及阻止PC/ABS分解产物的挥发而产生阻燃作用。     

新型无卤阻燃剂的制备及其阻燃ABS性能

制备新型的单分子磷-氮类膨胀型阻燃剂(TPA),采用微胶囊化红磷(MRP)与TPA复配阻燃剂,制备具有良好阻燃性能的无卤阻燃ABS.研究组分质量比和总用量对ABS阻燃性能的影响.结果表明:MRP/TPA质量比为1:1时,阻燃复配效果最好;总用量为20%时,材料的氧指数达24%,垂直燃烧迭V-0级.TGA结果表明:MRP/TPA的复配可以延缓ABS的分解并提高成炭率;由FTIR谱图看出,MRP/TPA复配后,残留物形成了更多交联结构.     

膨胀型阻燃剂APP/MPR/PEPA的制备及其在ABS中的应用

用氧代-4-羟甲基-2,6,7-三氧杂-1-磷杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷(PEPA)作为成炭剂,用三聚氰胺酚醛树脂(MPR)作为气源和聚磷酸铵(APP)按一定比例复配成膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR),用于丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)的阻燃研究。研究IFR的比例和含量对ABS燃烧性能的影响。阻燃实验结果表明,APP/MPR/PEPA质量比按2/1/2和3/3/4比例复配阻燃效果最佳,添加量为30%时,阻燃复合材料燃烧等级达到V-0,氧指数分别为29.4%和29%;热重分析和扫描电镜结果表明,阻燃复合材料热稳定性能较纯ABS有所降低,微观炭层更加致密无孔洞。     

磷-氮复合阻燃剂制备新型无卤阻燃ABS性能研究

采用间苯二酚-双(磷酸二苯酯)缩聚物(SOL-DP)和氰尿酸三聚氰胺(MCA)共混制出磷-氮复合阻燃体系,并与苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯腈(ABS)基体树脂共混制备新型无卤阻燃ABS。考察了阻燃ABS的力学性能和燃烧性能。试验结果表明:当SOL-DP和MCA在ABS树脂中的质量分数分别为8%和4%时,材料的力学性能保持在90%以上,氧指数(LOI)值高达27.5%,同时达到UL94 V-0级。SOL-DP在提高MCA成炭的同时能有效阻止了ABS的燃烧行为,其和MCA复配物的总质量分数为15%时,制备的阻燃ABS的热释放速率和热释放总量均大幅下降,最大热释放速率的下降幅度达70%。     

EG和DBDPE/Sb_2O_3协同阻燃ABS的阻燃性能及机理研究

将可膨胀石墨(EG)与十溴二苯乙烷/三氧化二锑(DBDPE/Sb2O3)复配制备ABS阻燃复合材料,通过锥形量热仪和热重分析等方法研究了EG和DBDPE/Sb2O3协同阻燃ABS的燃烧性能,探讨了二者的协同阻燃机理。结果表明:与纯ABS相比,EG与DBDPE/Sb2O3共用使ABS阻燃复合材料的峰值和平均热释放速率分别下降了73.5%和63.8%,峰值质量损失速率降低52.04%,平均有效燃烧热降低19.96%,成炭量增加;EG阻燃ABS为典型的凝聚相阻燃机理,DBDPE/Sb2O3阻燃ABS为气相阻燃机理,二者并用时可以同时发挥凝聚相阻燃和气相阻燃作用,但以凝聚相阻燃机理为主;热重分析表明EG与DBDPE/Sb2O3具有协同作用,ABS分解峰的峰值热失重速率下降25.2%,二者可以互相促进ABS成炭,EG可以保护ABS成炭产物,提高实际成炭量。     

磷酸酯与无机阻燃剂协同阻燃PC/ABS合金研究

研究了多聚芳基磷酸酯PX220分别与纳米蒙脱土和硼酸锌复配对聚碳酸酯/丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PC/ABS)合金的阻燃性能、热稳定性、力学性能及热变形温度的影响。结果表明:用2份纳米蒙脱土和3份硼酸锌分别与10份PX220复配制备阻燃PC/ABS,其氧指数分别达到28%和32%,燃烧性能达到UL94 V-0级。扫描电镜和热重分析表明,复配阻燃剂阻燃PC/ABS合金的炭层能有效隔绝热量的传递,阻止PC/ABS合金热降解,PC/ABS合金热稳定性明显提高。     

LLDPE/EVA/改性MH/MRP阻燃体系的研究

选用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物/改性氢氧化镁/微胶囊红磷(EVA/改性MH/MRP)为复合阻燃体系,研究体系的力学性能及阻燃性能,并通过扫描电镜观察材料燃烧后炭层的表面形貌。结果表明:当LLDPE/EVA/改性MH/MRP添加比例为60:40:70:10时,拉伸强度为11.3 MPa,断裂伸长率为353%,氧指数为31.4%,垂直燃烧试验通过UL 94V-0级,体系具有良好的阻燃协效作用和力学相容性。     

不同粒径EG阻燃ABS体系燃烧性能和阻燃机理

采用不同粒径可膨胀石墨(EG)作为阻燃剂,添加量为20%,制备了阻燃ABS;研究EG粒径对ABS燃烧性能的影响,并通过CONE、TG对阻燃机理进行研究.结果表明:EG对ABS具有很好的阻燃作用,EG粒径越大.膨胀体积(EV)越大,阻燃效果越好,EG粒径大于48μm时就可有效抑制火焰传播;EG膨胀炭层具有良好耐热性,可保护ABS成炭产物,增加ABS成炭量,EG阻燃ABS具有典型的凝聚相阻燃特征.     

Flame‐retardant polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene based on red phosphorus encapsulated by polysiloxane: Flame retardance,thermal stability,and water resistance

Red phosphorus encapsulated by polysiloxane (MRP) was prepared, and the chemical structure and morphology of MRP were characterized by FTIR and TEM, respectively. A series of flame retardant polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene containing MRP (PC/ABS/MRP) were prepared via melt‐blending. The flame retardance of PC/ABS/MRP was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 test. It was shown that the LOI value was increased to 27.7 and UL‐94 achieved a V‐0 rating at a 15 wt % loading of MRP. Cone calorimetric results showed that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of PC/ABS/15% MRP decreased from 452.7 to 198.0 kW/m², and the total heat release decreased from 92.9 to 60.7 MJ/m² compared with virgin PC/ABS. Thermal stability analysis showed that the char yield of the PC/ABS/15% MRP increased from 0 to 16.1 wt % under air atmosphere, and from 15.2 to 27.4 wt % under nitrogen atmosphere compared to virgin PC/ABS, respectively. The sample PC/ABS/15% MRP also showed excellent water resistance of flame retardance in 70°C water for 168 h. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Influence of modified ammonium polyphosphate on the fire behavior and mechanical properties of polyformaldehyde

In this work, three kinds of APP, coated with melamine (MF-APP), silane (GW-APP), epoxy (MC-APP) were employed to compound with novolac resin (Novolac) and melamine (ME), aimed to study the effect of the modified APP on the flame-retardant performance, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of polyformaldehyde (POM). The results showed that composites with modified APP exhibited better flame retardant and mechanical performance than that with unmodified APP. In contrast, GW-APP had the best synergistic effect with Novolac and ME, and POM/GW-APP composites reached UL-94 V-0 rating and its limit oxygen index (LOI) value was up to 34.0%. The morphology of the carbon layer showed that the silane coating material can promote the charring process in condensed phase better than epoxy and melamine coating materials in flame retardant POM system, leading to the formation of integrated char layers with more quantity and higher quality, which effectively delayed the mass and heat transfer during combustion.     

石墨种类和粒径对高抗冲聚苯乙烯阻燃性能的影响及作用机制

通过熔融共混法将不同种类和粒径的石墨引入到高抗冲聚苯乙烯(PS?HI)基体中,考察了石墨种类和粒径大小对PS?HI阻燃性能的影响和作用机制.结果表明,天然鳞片石墨(NG)对PS?HI的阻燃作用很小,其粒径大小对阻燃性能的影响并不显著,即使用量达到50％(质量分数,下同)也不能使PS?HI有较好的阻燃性能;与NG相比,可...     

Application of a novel halogen‐free intumescent flame retardant for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene

A novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR), containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and poly(tetramethylene terephthalamide) (PA4T), was prepared to flame‐retard acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS). The flame retardation of the IFR/ABS composite was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 test. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and TGA coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR) were carried out to study the thermal degradation behavior of the composite and look for the mechanism of the flame‐retarded action. The morphology of the char obtained after combustion of the composite was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been found the intumescent flame retardant showed good flame retardancy, with the LOI value of the PA4T/APP/ABS (7.5/22.5/70) system increasing from 18.5 to 30% and passing UL‐94 V‐1 rating. Meanwhile, the TGA and TG‐FTIR work indicated that PA4T could be effective as a carbonization agent and there was some reaction between PA4T and APP, leading to some crosslinked and high temperature stable material formed, which probably effectively promoted the flame retardancy of ABS. Moreover, it was revealed that uniform and compact intumescent char layer was formed after combustion of the intumescent flame‐retarded ABS composite. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

丁腈橡胶增容无卤阻燃ABS

以丁腈橡胶(NBR)为增容增韧改性剂,采用微胶囊化红磷(MRP)和酚醛环氧树脂(NE)复配阻燃剂,制备具有良好阻燃性能的无卤阻燃ABS.研究丁腈橡胶(NBR)用量对ABS阻燃和冲击性能影响.结果表明:添加少量的NBR即可显著提高材料的冲击强度,但对阻燃性能损害不大;SEM形貌分析表明:NBR的加入提高了阻燃剂与基体的相容性;TGA和FRIT分析结果表明:NBR的加入没有改变材料热降解机理和产物的结构.     

Structure and thermal property of intumescent char produced by flame‐retardant high‐impact polystyrene/expandable graphite/microencapsulated red phosphorus composite

This paper is aimed to illustrate the structure and thermal property of intumescent char produced by flame‐retardant polymers containing expandable graphite (EG). For this purpose, high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) flame retarded by EG individually or in combination with microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) was prepared. The results indicate that the intumescent char from HIPS/EG/MRP composite, which contains a small amount of phosphorus element and more oxygen element, is much more compact and continuous than that from HIPS/EG composite with identical loading of flame retardant due to binding effect of phosphoric acid and its derivatives. The intumescent char produced by HIPS/EG/MRP composite exhibits much enhanced thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability as well as thermal‐insulating effect, which can withstand destruction of heat and oxygen effectively and thus provide a good fire‐proof barrier. The temperature beneath this intumescent char is decreased significantly in case of action by flame. By comparison, the porous and loose intumescent char generated by HIPS/EG composite has poor thermo‐oxidative endurance, and most of it can be consumed in air at high temperature without effective protection for the polymer. This has resulted in remarkable increase in flame retardancy of the HIPS/EG/MRP composite.     

钢结构用水性膨胀型防火涂料的制备及性能研究

以高岭土及含锆陶瓷纤维作为增强填料,聚醋酸乙烯酯乳胶和醋叔乳胶的混合液为基料,多聚磷酸铵(APP)、三聚氰胺(MEL)、季戊四醇(PER)为膨胀阻燃体系,开发了一种燃烧后具有高强度膨胀炭层的水性膨胀型防火涂料.研究了乳胶类型、膨胀阻燃体系各组分配比、颜基比、高岭土及含锆陶瓷纤维对水性膨胀型防火涂料性能及炭层强度的影响....     

氧化锌催化膨胀型阻燃剂对PP阻燃及力学性能的影响

研究了氧化锌催化膨胀型阻燃剂(APP/PER)对PP阻燃和力学性能的影响。研究表明,当APP/PER质量比为20/10,ZnO的质量分数为1．3%时,阻燃PP的LOI值达到最大；同时阻燃PP的拉伸强度和冲击强度比不含ZnO的PP有所提高。TG结果表明,ZnO的加入使阻燃PP燃烧时降解过程加快并生成更多的剩炭,形成稳定的保护层,从而提高了PP的阻燃效果。SEN的形貌观察表明,加入ZnO的试样燃烧炭膜孔径较小、孔膜较厚。     

EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS的动态燃烧性和协同效应

将可膨胀石墨(EG)与P-N型膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)复合阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)树脂,阻燃剂添加量为20%(质量分数,下同),通过极限氧指数(LOI)仪、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)仪、锥形量热(CONE)仪和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS的协同效应。结果表明,EG/IFR质量比为1/1为最佳配比,阻燃ABS的LOI达到29%,UL-94为V-0级;EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS,表现出一定的协同作用;通过SEM观察ABS/EG/IFR试样燃烧后样品发现,EG与IFR起到协同阻燃作用。     

Flame‐retarded polyethylene terephthalate with carbon microspheres/magnesium hydroxide compound flame retardant

A novel compound flame retardant (carbon microspheres/magnesium hydroxide, abbreviated as CMSs/MH) was used to improve the fire performance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). LOI, UL94, and Cone test results showed that CMSs/MH/PET composites obtained the best fire performance at the mass ratio of CMSs to MH, which was 5:5, where the CMSs/MH content was 1.0 wt. % of PET. The Py‐CS‐MS, TGA‐DSC results, and morphology of char residue revealed the flame‐retardant mechanism. CMSs/MH increased the thermal stability of PET by increasing the activation energy at the initial combustion stage. At the second stage of combustion, CMSs/MH increased the chance of recombination of free radicals and slowed the combustion. Additionally, CMSs/MH promoted the cross‐linking of pyrolysis products and further improved the continuity of the char layer. Thus, a dense and continuous char layer of CMSs/MH/PET composites was produced; this char layer reduced the heat release rate and increased the amount of char residue.