90Al_2O_3缸套内衬的显微结构分析

采用宏观和微观分析方法对 90 Al2 O3 缸套内衬的微观结构进行了分析。结果表明 ,该缸套内衬为刚玉 -镁铝尖晶石复合陶瓷 ,显微组织属 Al2 O3 - Mg O- Si O2 和 Al2 O3 - Ca O- Si O2 型结构。二次重结晶和玻璃相的存在及气孔含量偏高 ,将导致韧性降低     

添加剂对离心自蔓延高温合成陶瓷层组织结构与性能的影响

为了改善钢管内衬陶瓷层的韧性,在铝热剂中分别添加ZrO2,Al2O3,SiO2进行改性,采用离心自蔓延高温合成工艺制备了钢管内衬陶瓷层,研究了添加剂对陶瓷层形貌、结构和性能的影响.结果表明:加入ZrO2或Al2O3可以改变陶瓷层的组织结构,使Al2O3由树枝状晶变为等轴晶;加入SiO2可在Al2O3枝晶间隙形成网状Ca...     

SHS离心复合钢管陶瓷内衬的组织结构

采用自蔓延高温合成技术离心法制备Al2 O3陶瓷内衬复合钢管。利用扫描电镜及X射线衍射方法对陶瓷内衬的显微组织及物相构成进行了分析。结果表明 ,陶瓷内衬复合钢管由钢管层、金属铁和陶瓷组成的过渡层以及陶瓷层共三层构成 ,其中钢管与铁过渡层之间为机械结合 ,铁过渡层与陶瓷层之间形成冶金结合。陶瓷层组织由垂直管壁生长的α Al2 O3柱状晶和沿其晶间分布的FeO·Al2 O3铁铝尖晶石相以及少量FeO·Al2 O3·SiO2 玻璃相构成 ,玻璃相分布于铁铝尖晶石的晶界并将其包围起来 ,这种结构有利于减轻铁铝尖晶石对复合管内衬抗腐蚀性的不良影响。     

添加剂对煤粉喷枪SHS陶瓷内衬组织和性能的影响

采用重力分离SHS法制备了陶瓷内衬煤粉喷枪枪管，试验得出，陶瓷层主要由构成枝晶的αAl2O3基体相和分布于其间的FeO·Al2O3尖晶相所组成，SiO2主要以石英相结构存在于枝晶晶界上；在反应物料中加入适量的SiO2和Cr2O3均可有效地提高内衬陶瓷层的相对密度；SiO2将使陶瓷层的硬度和复合钢管的抗压剪强度降低，Cr2O3却使二者均有所回升；在内衬陶瓷层中分布着径向裂纹和网状裂纹，加入SiO2将减少裂纹密度，Cr2O3却使裂纹密度增加。     

重力分离SHS法制备钢管Al2O3内衬耐热耐磨涂层的研究

采用重力分离SHS制备了钢管内衬Al2O3涂层,进行了力学、抗热震、耐蚀等性能测试,研究了管径、装料密度及不同含量SiO2、CrO3添加剂对涂层组织与性能的影响。研究结果表明,涂层主要物相结构为α-Al2O3+FeAl2O4相,添加剂SiO2和CrO3不改变涂层的主要相组成。反应过程中熔融金属Fe在钢管基体和内衬陶瓷层之间形成了一层金属过渡层。当添加2%SiO2+6%CrO3时,涂层孔隙率最小,硬度最大,抗热震性能最好,耐蚀性也较好,具有良好的综合性能。实验条件下,管径25cm、装料密度1.5g/cm3的内衬涂层硬度为1917HV,孔隙率为9.0%。     

陶瓷内衬复合管金属/陶瓷SHS瞬间液相连接

基于重力分离SHS法制备陶瓷内衬复合管,采用CrO3 TiO2 C Al NiO燃烧体系合成出具有钢基体、中间过渡合金与内衬陶瓷三层结构的复合管,内衬陶瓷中α-Al2O3以树枝晶沿径向向心分布,（Al2O3 Ti2O3）共晶两相形成枝晶晶界且沿径向存在着成分偏析,中间过渡合金是以Fe-Cr-Ni-Al-Ti及基且富T 泊碳化钛颗粒呈梯度分布而构成,与钢基体形成冶金熔合,并与内衬陶瓷通过碳化物的桥接作用及与因重力分离不完全而残留于陶瓷上的Cr-Ni-Ti合金相连接,实现金属／陶瓷间SHS间液相连接（SHS－TLPB）。     

缸套/活塞摩擦副激光束织构处理镀层的组织及摩擦学性能分析

为提高发动机用缸套/活塞摩擦副的润滑磨损性能,对缸套/活塞摩擦副进行激光束织构处理,之后于含颗粒质MoS2和Al2O3的镍基镀液中在其表面制备镀层,利用MoS2和Al2O3的自润滑功能降低活摩擦副的摩擦作用力,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及磨损试验研究了镀层的微观组织、成分及摩擦学性能。结果表明:镀层内形成了致密组织结构,其厚度约为35μm;在颗粒质浓度为6 g/L时制得了硬度最大的镀层;随着颗粒质浓度不断上升,制得的镀层内也形成了更高含量的MoS2和Al2O3;在颗粒质浓度6 g/L时,镀层达到最大硬度,磨损率也明显减小;没有经过激光束织构处理的镀层磨损得很严重,划痕较为密集,犁沟也较深,而且犁沟之间存在一定的黏连;经过激光束织构处理所得镀层的划痕深度明显降低,基本看不到犁沟现象。     

氧化铁粉末化学组成对合成SHS复合弯管内衬陶瓷的影响

基于重力分离SHS法制备陶瓷内衬复合弯管 ,研究了氧化铁粉末化学组成对SHS复合弯管内衬陶瓷的影响 .研究发现在铝热剂相同质量分数条件下 ,存在于工业原料Fe2 O3 粉末的杂质比SiO2 添加剂对燃烧过程的稀释效应更为强烈 .在工业原料Fe2 O3 +Al体系中加入适量的Fe3 O4+Al体系 ,使燃烧温度、蔓延速率及SHS反应转化率均有所升高 ;但加入过量的Fe3 O4+Al体系 ,虽然使蔓延速率进一步增大 ,但却引起燃烧温度和SHS反应转化率有所下降 .实验表明 ,在工业原料Fe2 O3 +Al体系中加入 1 5 %的Fe3 O4+Al体系 ,使复合弯管内衬陶瓷性能达到并超过用分析纯Fe2 O3+Al体系所制备的复合弯管内衬陶瓷性能 .     

纳米SiC对重力分离SHS陶瓷内衬复合管组织及性能的影响

为提高输送管道陶瓷内衬层的致密性及硬度等性能,拓展其应用,采用重力分离自蔓延高温合成(SHS)法,用(Al-Fe2O3-CuO)+SiO2复合铝热体系,制备了陶瓷内衬复合管.分析了添加剂纳米SiC对陶瓷层组织的影响.XRD分析表明,陶瓷层的主要成分为a-Al2O3,还有少量铁铝尖晶石FeAl2O4和硅线石Al2SiO5及SiC存在,SiC不改变陶瓷层的组织结构.纳米SiC的引入有效地抑制了基质晶粒生长和减轻了晶粒的异常长大,使得陶瓷层的硬度和致密性提高.     

Y2O3和ZnO共掺杂对BaTiO3陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能的影响

研究了Y2O3和ZnO共掺杂对BaTiO3陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能的影响.XRD分析表明,Y2O2和ZnO促使BaTiO3的晶体结构由四方相转变为赝立方相;在此系统中Y2O3的固溶度低于1.5mol%,而ZnO的固溶度约3.0mol%.SEM显示Y2O3比ZnO更能有效地改善微观结构,其显著的晶粒抑制作用归因于分散于晶界的第二相Y2Ti2O7对晶粒生长的钉扎作用.适量Y2O3和ZnO的协同作用有助于形成壳-芯结构,并显著改善BaTiO3陶瓷的介电温度稳定性.在BaTiO3-Y2O3-ZnO新体系中获得符合X7R的高性能抗还原介质.     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.