纳米SiO_2/UP复合材料的力学性能和热性能研究

通过熔融共混、模压成型方法,制备了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)/不饱和聚酯(UP)复合材料,研究了纳米SiO2含量对复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能和热膨胀性能的影响,采用SEM观察了复合材料的磨损面形貌。结果表明:当纳米SiO2含量为2.5%时,SiO2/UP复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度比纯UP分别提高了28.57%、8.43%;当纳米SiO2含量为3.5%时,SiO2/UP复合材料的玻璃化转变温度比纯UP提高了16℃;当纳米SiO2含量为0.5%时,SiO2/UP复合材料的热膨胀系数为41.367×10-6K-1;加入纳米SiO2后,SiO2/UP复合材料的磨损机理主要表现为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

纳米Si3N4与玻璃纤维混杂增强PA6复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

以纳米Si3N4和玻璃纤维(GF)混杂增强尼龙6(PA6)复合材料,对PA6复合材料的摩擦学性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,纳米Si3N4和GF混杂可以显著改善PA6复合材料的摩擦学性能,以质量分数3%Si3N4和20%GF混杂填料的耐磨减摩性最好。扫描电子显微镜观察发现,纯PA6的磨损机理以粘着和犁削为主。在PA6/GF复合材料中纳米Si3N4含量较低时,复合材料的磨损机理主要表现为不同程度的粘着磨损,但当复合材料中纳米Si3N4含量较高时,复合材料的磨损机理主要表现为不同程度的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

GF增强PA6复合材料的力学与摩擦性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备玻璃纤维(GF)增强尼龙(PA)6复合材料,研究了GF含量对PA6/GF复合材料力学性能和摩擦性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的磨损机理进行分析.结果表明,GF显著影响复合材料的力学性能和摩擦性能,GF质量分数为15%时增强效果较好,PA6/GF复合材料的缺口冲击强度比纯PA6提高5倍,摩擦因数降低43%,磨损量减少33%.GF含量较低时,PA6/GF复合材料的磨损以磨粒磨损和粘着磨损为主,含量较高时则主要表现为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损.     

纳米SiO2／双马来酰亚胺复合材料的性能研究

采用浇铸成型法制备了纳米SiO2粒子填充双马来酰亚胺(BMI-BA)复合材料，研究了纳米SiO2的填充量对复合材料滑动磨损性能的影响。在磨损机上测试该复合材料的摩擦和磨损性能，利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的磨损表面和对磨环的表面形貌。结果表明，纳米SiO2能够有效地提高复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能。当纳米SiO2粒子的添加量为0．75％(质量含量，下同)时，复合材料的综合力学性能最好；当纳米SiO2粒子的的添加量为1．0％时，复合材料的耐磨性能最好。SEM显示复合材料主要是黏着磨损，能在对磨环上形成薄而连续的均匀转移膜，而BMI-BA树脂主要发生的是疲劳磨损，并伴有塑性变形。     

微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能研究

采用化学发泡注塑成型的方法制备了微发泡聚丙烯/玻璃纤维(PP/GF)复合材料;结合成核理论和玻纤增强机理,研究了发泡质量对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:在PP/GF复合材料中添加5.0%纳米SiO2后,纳米SiO2对PP与GF的相容性并无太大影响,微孔发泡PP/GF复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度得到较大提高。     

纳米SiO2与玻璃纤维混杂增强聚酰胺6复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机对干摩擦条件下纳米SiO2与玻璃纤维混杂填充聚酰胺6(PA6)复合材料与45#钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,纳米SiO2和玻璃纤维混杂可以显著改善PA6复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,以5 %的SiO2和20 %的玻璃纤维增强PA6的耐磨减摩性最好。扫描电镜分析表明,纯PA6的磨损以黏着和犁削为主。当载荷较低时,复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为不同程度的磨粒磨损,但当载荷较高时,复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为不同程度的疲劳磨损。     

不同温度下PTFE纳米复合材料摩擦学性能的研究

用高温气氛摩擦磨损试验机研究了温度对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纳米复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜对PTFE纳米复合材料的磨损表面进行了微观分析.结果表明,填充纳米氧化铝(nano-Al2O3)提高了PTFE纳米复合材料的耐磨损性能,纯PTFE和PTFE/nano-Al2O3复合材料的耐磨损性能均随着温度的升高而降低,摩擦系数也随着温度的升高而降低;纯PTFE的磨损机理为粘着磨损,而PTFE/nano-Al2O3复合材料的磨损机理为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损共同作用.     

交联型PPS/纳米SiO2复合材料的力学与摩擦学性能研究

通过烧结压制成型制备了不同形貌的交联型聚苯硫醚(PPS)/纳米SiO2复合材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜对材料的磨损表面形貌和磨屑进行了观察和分析,研究了不同体积分数的纳米SiO2对PPS复合材料力学和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米SiO2可以明显提高复合材料的硬度,并明显降低复合材料的摩擦系数;微孔形纳米SiO2比球形纳米SiO2对复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响更为显著,随着纳米SiO2填充量的增加,复合材料的磨损机理由粘着磨损向粘着转移和热挤出转化。     

纳米SiO2/UP原位混杂复合材料的性能

分别以正硅酸乙酯、硅溶胶、纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)粉体为前驱体,通过原位聚合方法制备了不同种类的SiO2/UP(不饱和聚酯)复合树脂.采用模压成型方法,制备了SiO2/UP原位混杂复合材料,采用静态力学和动态力学方法,研究了不同种类的SiO2UP原位混杂复合材料的力学性能和流变性能.结果表明,在3种不同SiO2/UP原位混杂复合材料中,纳米SiO2粉体(质量分数为3%)/UP原位混杂复合材料的综合力学性能最好;正硅酸乙酯/UP原位混杂复合材料耐水性能最好;纳米SiO2粉体/UP原位混杂复合材料和正硅酸乙酯/UP原位混杂复合材料适合于注塑、挤出等快速成型工艺,硅溶胶/UP原位混杂复合材料适合于模塑加工工艺.     

纳米SiO2增强增韧不饱和聚酯树脂的研究

用未经表面处理和经表面处理的纳米SiO2对不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)进行填充改性，研究了纳米SiO2用量对UPR的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度的影响。结果表明，当纳米SiO2填充量为6％时，材料的增强增韧效果最好，而且当粉体的加入量为4％～6％时，UPR／SiO2出现了明显的脆韧转变。用DSC测定复合材料的玻璃化温度(Tg)，可以发现复合材料的了Tg比纯UPR大，且烷基化纳米SiO2填充的UPR的Tg更高，这与力学性能结果一致：原位共混法可以实现纳米SiO2的良好分散，相应地具有更好的增韧效果。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.