An anchoring theory of lightness perception.

A review of the field of lightness perception from Helmholtz to the present shows the most adequate theories of lightness perception to be the intrinsic image models. Nevertheless, these models fail on 2 important counts: They contain no anchoring rule, and they fail to account for the pattern of errors in surface lightness. Recent work on both the anchoring problem and the problem of errors has produced a new model of lightness perception, one that is qualitatively different from the intrinsic image models. The new model, which is based on a combination of local and global anchoring of lightness values, appears to provide an unprecedented account of a wide range of empirical results, both classical and recent, especially the pattern of errors. It provides a unified account of both illumination-dependent failures of constancy and background-dependent failures of constancy, resolving a number of long-standing puzzles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An unusual case of penetrating head injury with excellent recovery

We report the remarkable case of the passage of a heavy metal rod through the head of a 42-year-old man. The patient had an excellent outcome because of prompt and efficient rescue efforts combined with transport to a major neurosurgical trauma center. Reference is made to a somewhat similar case publicized over 130 years ago.     

Anchoring of lightness values in center-surround displays.

Luminance ratios, by themselves, do not specify lightness values without an anchoring rule. The anchoring rule most often assumed for simple displays is that white is assigned to the highest luminance. It is proposed here that, for simple center–surround stimuli, the rule is based on geometry rather than photometry: White is assigned to the background, regardless of relative luminance values. Both a disk–annulus configuration and a disk–ganzfeld configuration were used to test the perceived lightness of centers and surrounds. In the disk–annulus case, assignment of white was based on a compromise between these 2 rules. For the disk–ganzfeld case, assignment of white seemed to be based entirely on the surround-as-white rule, and disks brighter than the ganzfeld background appeared luminous. It is argued that the disk–ganzfeld configuration, not the disk–annulus configuration, represents the minimal conditions for the appearance of surface lightness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

创新培训形式培养造就素质经营管理人员队伍

人才资源是企业第一资源。为实施人才强企战略，切实加强三支人才队伍建设，在健全培训机构、完善培训体系、落实培训经费、强化师资队伍建设的基础上，创新培训形式，突出了干部培训的针对性、有效性、导向性、多样性，全面提高了全员生产经营管理人员的素质。     

Preconstancy information can influence visual search: The case of lightness constancy.

Can visual search be based on preconstancy representations of the scene—that is, ones in which accidental characteristics of the scene, such as shadows, point of view, and distance, have not yet been discounted? This question was addressed within the specific context of lightness constancy, the phenomenon that surface lightness is perceived as relatively unchanged despite changes in illumination conditions. Three experiments yielded evidence of preconstancy influence on visual search. This was true even when the preconstancy information that seemed to influence search was unavailable at a reportable level. The results suggest that visual search processes can be engaged before the processing that leads to the experienced perception of the scene is complete. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distortions in the perceived lightness of faces: The role of race categories.

Although lightness perception is clearly influenced by contextual factors, it is not known whether knowledge about the reflectance of specific objects also affects their lightness. Recent research by O. H. MacLin and R. Malpass (2003) suggests that subjects label Black faces as darker than White faces, so in the current experiments, an adjustment methodology was used to test the degree to which expectations about the relative skin tone associated with faces of varying races affect the perceived lightness of those faces. White faces were consistently judged to be relatively lighter than Black faces, even for racially ambiguous faces that were disambiguated by labels. Accordingly, relatively abstract expectations about the relative reflectance of objects can affect their perceived lightness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

精品课程建设的实现途径

课程是学校教学体系中的细胞,是实现教学目的进而实现人才培养目标的重要载体。以精品课程建设内涵为切入点,遵从精品课程的自身特点,科学推进精品课程建设,有效提高课程质量,使之切实地在课程系统建设中起到导向和示范作用,从而带动课程整体水平的提高,形成课程建设的良性循环。     

The role of occlusion in the perception of depth, lightness, and opacity.

A theory is presented that explains how the visual system infers the lightness, opacity, and depth of surfaces from stereoscopic images. It is shown that the polarity and magnitude of image contrast play distinct roles in surface perception, which can be captured by 2 principles of perceptual inference. First, a contrast depth asymmetry principle articulates how the visual system computes the ordinal depth and lightness relationships from the polarity of local, binocularly matched image contrast. Second, a global transmittance anchoring principle expresses how variations in contrast magnitudes are used to infer the presence of transparent surfaces. It is argued that these principles provide a unified explanation of how the visual system computes the 3-D surface structure of opaque and transparent surfaces. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pathology of preinvasive and excellent prognosis breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Erythropoietin (EPO) therapy is a common and effective treatment for the correction of anemia in patients with end-stage renal disease. Simultaneous treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for the control of hypertension and/or heart failure is often necessary. Recent reports in the literature have raised concern about a potential interaction between these drugs, with a resultant decreased EPO efficacy. METHODS: To investigate whether this interaction occurs in chronic dialysis patients, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 175 patients receiving chronic dialysis. All study patients were treated with EPO for at least 3 months, and had normal iron indices. Patients were treated with ACE inhibitors for at least 3 months, at a constant daily dose for at least 1 month (group 1, n = 32), or did not receive ACE inhibitors (group 2, n = 143). Patients with infections or overt iron deficiency were excluded. Total weekly EPO doses and hematocrit (Hct)/hemoglobin (Hgb) values in the two groups were compared. Variables known to affect response to EPO were compared, including ferritin, transferrin saturation, dialysis dose and serum aluminum. RESULTS: Total weekly EPO dose was 17,358 +/- 6,871 units in group 1 and 17,612 +/- 7,744 units in group 2 (p = 0.854). The achieved Hct was 32.1 +/- 4.4% (group 1) and 30.5 +/- 4.0% (group 2) (p = 0.079). Similarly, Hgb, ferritin, transferrin saturation, Kt/V, and serum aluminum were not different. The dose or duration of ACE inhibitor therapy did not affect Hgb or Hct. Thus, ACE inhibitor therapy does not appear to affect response to EPO in chronic dialysis patients.     

对建立卓越质量经营模式的探讨

从引入世界三大质量奖和我国质量奖标准出发,分析了我公司质量管理模式与卓越质量经营模式之间存在的主要差距。在此基础上,对我公司如何建立卓越质量经营模式提出了几条措施。     

走出精品课程建设误区 提高课程教学质量

精品课程建设是提高课程教学质量的重要内容之一,高校应充分重视精品课程建设。在精品课程建设和评选过程中,普遍存在着几个错误认识。如过分看重结果,一味追求建设数量,过于看重外在形式等。要认真分析这些错误认识,把提高课程教学质量作为精品课程建设的主要目的。     

D-methionine provides excellent protection from cisplatin ototoxicity in the rat

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. Unfortunately, CDDP is highly ototoxic. We tested D-methionine (D-Met), a sulfur containing compound, as an otoprotectant in male Wistar rats. Complete data sets were obtained for five groups of five animals each, including a treated control group (16 mg/kg CDDP), an untreated control group (administered an equivalent volume of saline) and three groups that received either 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg D-Met 30 min prior to the 16 mg/kg CDDP dosing. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were obtained in response to clicks, and 1 kHz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz, and 14 kHz toneburst stimuli, before and 3 days after drug administration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the outer hair cells of the apical, middle and basal turns of the cochlea. Animal weight was measured on the first and final day. D-Met provided excellent otoprotection even at the lowest level with complete otoprotection obtained for the 300 mg/kg dosing as measured by both ABR and SEM. D-Met also markedly reduced weight loss and mortality. All animals receiving D-Met (15/15) survived to the end of the study period as opposed to only 5/10 of the treated controls.     

具有良好低温韧性的大型丙烷储罐用钢研制

结合福建某大型低温丙烷储罐项目对钢板的需求,对照欧标EN 10028-4:2017进行了13MnNi6-3钢板的设计和试制,分析了所试制钢板的力学性能及焊接接头性能.研究结果表明,所试制13MnNi6-3钢板在-60℃时具有良好的强度和低温韧性,经适当的冷变形后低温韧性未见有明显降低;钢板焊接接头低温韧性和硬度能够满足...     

一种高性能烧结摩擦材料摩擦剂的选择

研究了SiO_2,SiC,B_4C对金属基烧结摩擦材料物理机械性能,特别是摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,同时添加SiO_2,SiC,B_4C作摩擦剂的材料比单独添加SiO_2或SiC,或同时添加SiO_2和SiC的材料综合性能优良。     

美国优秀教师的人格特征及其启示

优秀教师对教学质量的提高具有重要的作用,美国的优秀教师以其良好的人格魅力赢得了很多人的尊重,在教学方面的成绩也非常引人注目;了解美国公立中小学优秀教师的人格特征,对我国培养更多的优秀教师具有重要的指导意义.     

试论高职高专精品课程的网站建设

精品课程网站担负着展示课程、共享教学资源和评审课程的重任．并兼有为学生自主学习服务,为教师教学提供极大的便利的职能。网页设计应以课程学习者为出发点,页面新颖,导航清晰,进退自如,下载便捷,并具有较强的交互能力。