共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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为客观辨识评估城市洪涝灾害风险要素与发生概率,本文在结合学习向量化神经网络理论(LVQ)客观性特征基础上,探索构建了融合LVQ原理的城市洪涝灾害网络层次分析(ANP)风险评估模型,阐明综合洪水风险及灾害水平的城市洪涝灾害风险评估体系.应用实例表明,研究城市防洪现状处于一般与较危险之间,洪涝灾害概率指数一般且损失指数较危险,研究城市应重点实施完善洪涝灾害应急预案相关工作. 相似文献
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Decision making in flood risk based storm sewer network design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is widely recognised that flood risk needs to be taken into account when designing a storm sewer network. Flood risk is generally a combination of flood consequences and flood probabilities. This paper aims to explore the decision making in flood risk based storm sewer network design. A multiobjective optimization is proposed to find the Pareto front of optimal designs in terms of low construction cost and low flood risk. The decision making process then follows this multi-objective optimization to select a best design from the Pareto front. The traditional way of designing a storm sewer system based on a predefined design storm is used as one of the decision making criteria. Additionally, three commonly used risk based criteria, i.e., the expected flood risk based criterion, the Hurwicz criterion and the stochastic dominance based criterion, are investigated and applied in this paper. Different decisions are made according to different criteria as a result of different concerns represented by the criteria. The proposed procedure is applied to a simple storm sewer network design to demonstrate its effectiveness and the different criteria are compared. 相似文献
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防洪减灾是社会经济可持续发展的重要支撑条件,是一种增强社会经济发展抗干扰能力,保持发展稳定性的重要因素.要通过防洪的工程措施和非工程措施,尽量减少经济损失、社会影响和环境破坏,同时不断增强受洪水威胁地区居民承受暂时洪水灾害的能力,使绝大部分地区在绝大多数年份不受或少受洪水灾害,使每年受灾的部分地区居民能在较短的时期恢复重建,并保持社会稳定,这样才能保证社会经济可持续发展战略的实现. 相似文献
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将标准风险评估方法应用到水库洪水标准的风险分析中,并以二龙山水库为例,说明水库洪水标准的风险分析方法具有一定的推广价值。 相似文献
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汛期,将漳河、卫河7-8月排向中下游河道的小流量洪水,利用中下游枢纽和拦河闸“缓泄调蓄”,让沿河农民引水灌溉,不仅发挥了水利工程的综合效用,而且提高了水资源的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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对近年来发生的典型洪水灾害案例的分析可以看出,堤防防洪标准已不能完全表示灾害风险程度.水灾风险分析中洪灾和涝灾面积比值变化较大.面对灾害的变化趋势和防洪出现的新情况,水灾风险分析的概念和方法也应相应扩展,以便适应变化了的形势. 相似文献
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防洪复核专题确立是大坝安全定检中十分重要的工作,在对以往防洪专题确定因素大量统计分析基础上,在《水电站大坝运行安全评价导则》中提出了防洪专题确定原则,给出背景成果。 相似文献
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Real-time control (RTC) of urban drainage systems has been proven useful as a means to reduce pollution by combined sewer overflow discharges. So far, RTC has been investigated mainly with a sole focus on water quantity aspects. However, as measurement techniques for pollution of wastewater are advancing, pollution-based RTC might be of increasing interest. For example, turbidity data sets from an extensive measurement programme in two Paris catchments allow a detailed investigation of the benefits of using pollution-based data for RTC. This paper exemplifies this, comparing pollution-based RTC with flow-based RTC. Results suggest that pollution-based RTC indeed has some potential, particularly when measurements of water-quality characteristics are readily available. 相似文献
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Accurate prediction of current and future conditions of sewer systems is crucial to manage the sewer system wisely, cost-effectively and efficiently. The application of historical databases of visual inspection data to sewer deterioration modeling seems common sense. However, in The Netherlands, sewer inspection data is only used to determine the direct need for rehabilitation. This paper outlines the possibilities of using inspection data for deterioration modeling and discusses the problems encountered. A case study was performed on the modeling of the condition aspect 'surface damage by corrosion or mechanical action' using a Markov model. 相似文献
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浅析水库设计洪水与风险管理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水库设计洪水就是在给定工程安全标准情况下某个典型洪水过程,设计洪水的频率特征表现的就是其水文风险。由于水文事件发生、发展的各个方面都存在不确定性,设计洪水过程也存在不确定性。设计洪水计算方法主要是可能最大降雨和水文频率法。水库的运行管理也是一种风险管理,总目标是降低或者分散风险,提高工程运行效率。 相似文献
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综合洪水风险管理新进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据欧盟洪水风险管理指令,对洪水风险的定义进行了探讨。将综合洪水风险管理描述为由洪水事件、洪水管理、恢复重建和防洪等4个阶段组成的持续重复过程。综合洪水风险管理需要进行多层次、多部门的合作和跨学科的研究,为此简要介绍由德国联邦教育和研究部资助的"极端洪水事件的风险管理"综合性研究计划项目(2005—2010年)所取得的新成果。 相似文献
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<我国防洪安全保障体系与洪水风险管理的基础研究>(SCX2000-01)为水利部科技创新项目,立项于2000年4月,由中国水利水电科学研究院防洪减灾研究所负责完成.2002年11月,水利部项目验收专家组对这项跨世纪的研究成果给予了充分的肯定,认为"该项目以人类与洪水和谐共处与可持续发展为指导思想,致力于探讨适合于我国国情的洪水风险管理理论与模式,提出了我国现代防洪安全保障体系基本框架,研究成果具有重要的理论价值",项目组"所采取的理论分析和典型调查相结合的技术路线保障了研究成果的可靠性","对于指导我国治水方略的调整与完善防洪体系具有一定的指导意义". 相似文献
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Assessments of sewer performance are usually based on a single computation of CSO (combined sewer overflow) volumes using a time series of rainfall as system loads. A shortcoming of this method is that uncertainties in knowledge of sewer system dimensions are not taken into account. Moreover, sewer models are rarely calibrated. This paper presents the impacts of database errors and model calibration on return periods of calculated CSO volumes. The impact of uncertainties is illustrated with two examples. Variability of calculated CSO volumes is estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that calculated CSO volumes vary considerably due to database errors, especially uncertain dimensions of the catchment area. Furthermore, event-based calibration of a sewer model does not result in more reliable predictions because the calibrated parameters have low portability. However, it enables removal of database errors harmonising model predictions and 'reality'. 相似文献